现代大学英语精读3第7单元知识点归纳

Unit 7 FinanceTranslation of the Text理财1理财活动是个人或组织(实体)为管理他们的财务而应用的一系列技巧,尤其是管理收入与支出的差额以及投资的风险｡2如果一个实体的收入大于支出,那么它就可以将盈余的收入出借或投资｡相反,如果一个实体的收入小于支出,那么它可以通过借款､出售权益要求权､削减开支或增加收入来增加资金｡贷方可以找到借方,即金融中介,如银行,或在证券市场购买股票或债券｡贷方获得利息,借方付的利息比贷方要高,这样金融中介就能赚取差价｡3银行汇集了众多借方和贷方的活动｡银行获得贷方的存款并付利息给贷方｡银行再将这些存款借给借方｡银行使规模不同的借方和贷方能够协调他们的活动｡因此,银行是现金流的补偿者——在空间上,银行允许不同的贷方和借方会面;在时间上,每个借款者,从理论上来说,最终都会还清借款｡4一个具体公司理财的例子就是一家公司向机构投资者,如投资银行,销售股票,该机构投资者再向公众销售｡股票所有者拥有该公司的部分所有权｡如果某公司总共有100股股票,你买了一股,那么你就拥有该公司1/100的所有权｡你拥有资产负债表上资产和债务净差额的1/100｡当然,作为股票的交换,公司获得现金用以拓展生意,这一过程叫做“股权融资”｡股权融资与债券销售(或其他形式的债务融资)的结合叫做公司的资本结构｡5理财用于个人(个人理财)､政府(政府理财)､企业(公司理财)等,同时也被各类组织,如学校和非营利组织所使用｡一般而言,上述的每个活动都是在考虑到机构设置的情况下,通过使用恰当的理财工具而实现目的｡6理财是公司管理的一个重要方面｡没有恰当的财务计划,一家新的企业甚至无法开始,更不用说成功了｡因为钱是惟一最强有力的流动资产,所以不论是对个人来说还是对组织来说,管理好钱对确保一个无忧的未来是非常必要的｡Keys1 Reading1. The activity of finance is the application of a set of techniques that individuals and organizations (entities) use to manage their financial affairs, particularly the differences between income and expenditure and the risks of their investments.2. The entity can raise capital by borrowing or selling equity claims, decreasing its expenses, or increasing its income.3. A bank aggregates the activities of many borrowers and lenders.4. The company’s capital str ucture is the mixture of equity financing with the sale of bonds or any other debt financing.5. Without proper financial planning, a new enterprise cannot even start, let alone be successful.2 Comprehension1. F2. F3. T4. T5. F6. T7. T3 V ocabularyPart 11. C2. E3. G4. B5. F6. A7. I8. J9. D10. HPart 21. debt2. balance3. liability4. deposit5. expenditure6. bond7. equity8. balance sheetPart 31. C2. A3. C4. D5. D6. A7. B8. C4 TranslationPart 11. 权益要求权9. 资产负债表2. 金融中介10. 股权融资3. 证券市场11. 债务融资4. 货币流12. 资本结构5. 机构投资者13. 非盈利机构6. 投资银行14. 机构设置7. 部分所有权15. 流动资产8. 净差额Part 2股票是在股票交易所上市和交易的,股票交易所是一家公司或互助组织,专门为股票及证券的买卖双方提供交易设施｡美国的股票市场包括所有在纽约证券交易所､纳斯达克和美国证券交易所上市的证券交易,也包括在地区交易所上市的证券,例如柜台电子报价系统和粉纸市场｡股票市场是公司融资的最重要来源之一｡它允许公司上市或为扩大规模而获得更多资金｡Terms1. NYSE纽约证券交易所(New York Stock Exchange)是全球公认组织结构最健全､设备最完善､管理及上市要求最严格的市场,至今已有二百多年的历史｡于纽约证券市场上市的公司包括全球最大型的企业,例如中国电信等中国大型国有企业｡很多世界500强(Fortune 500) 企业,选择了在纽约证交所挂牌上市｡2. NASDAQ纳斯达克,全称是National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation——美国全国证券交易商协会自动报价系统｡它创立于1971年,是世界上第一个电子化证券市场,是全球创业板市场的成功典范,也是中国企业家最熟悉和关注的市场,规模仅次于纽约证券交易所｡纳斯达克股市分为全国板(National Market)和小板(Small Cap)｡上市的企业多是具有高成长潜力的大中型公司,而不只是科技股｡3. AMEX全美证券交易所(American Stock Exchange)坐落于纽约的华尔街附近,现为美国第三大股票交易所,运行成熟､规范,股票和衍生证券交易突出,其上市标准比纽约交易所要低一些,在此股市上市的公司偏重在中､小企业及传统行业,也有很多国外公司｡一般在全美证券交易所上市的股票价格偏低,而且交易量也较小｡4. OTCBBOTCBB全称是Over the Counter Bulletin Board——柜台电子报价系统,是直接受纳斯达克股市监管的市场｡柜台交易市场对对挂牌企业的要求较为宽松,并且不向挂牌公司收取任何费用,主要服务于成长期的中小企业｡5. Pink Sheet粉纸市场,又称粉单市场,是比柜台交易市场更低一级的报价系统,属于法人机构The Pink Sheet LLC｡粉纸市场挂牌的公司不需有注册会计师的审计财务报告,挂牌的条件也较宽松,而粉纸市场的股票流通性也相应较低｡5 Supplementary Reading1. finance2. funds3. bonds4. market5. repay6. resell7. interest8. loansText BTranslation of the Text怎样避免经济问题1每个人在一生中都会遇到经济问题｡这种经济问题也许是由个人或家人的疾病､失业､或超支消费所引起的,无论是哪种原因,经济问题都是很难解决的｡然而,这种危机通常是可以避免的｡您的经济情况也并不一定会变得越来越糟｡2您是否考虑过做预算?控制个人经济情况的第一步是要对您的收入和支出做一真实的评估｡先列出您所有的收入来源;然后,记下您的“固定”支出——即每月都要支付的相同数目——如抵押贷款或租金､汽车费用､保险费等｡下一步,列出用于其他各种开支,如消遣､娱乐和买衣服等活动的金额｡3记下您的所有支出,就连那些微不足道的开支也不要忽略｡这可以帮助您了解自己的消费方式,找出哪些开支是必要的,并将其他开支按优先次序排列出来｡这种做法的目的是为了确保您有能力支付基本开支:住房､饮食､医疗､保险和教育等｡公共图书馆和书店都有关于预算和资金管理技巧方面的书籍｡另外,计算机软件程序也是很好的工具,可以帮助制定预算,平衡您的收支,为您指定省钱和偿还债务的计划｡4您是否考虑过申请债务合并贷款?您每月是否都要偿还信用卡､购物卡和贷款的大量欠款?为什么不把它们合并起来,通过使用合并贷款来采取更优惠､更方便的还款方式?合并贷款可以让您重新开始,将您所有的贷款合并为一项——让您还款更方便,而且在很多情况下可以降低利率｡5精心管理的“债务合并贷款”有以下几种优点:减少您每月的支出6您也许会发现,债务合并贷款需要支付的利息要比您目前使用的信用卡､透支款项､购物卡等所要支付的总利息少｡所有收取更低利息的贷款方式都可以大幅度减少您的债务｡使您的还款更加简单7如果您因为忘记支付账单而陷入麻烦,那么选择债务合并贷款就意味着您每月只需要还款一次｡许多贷款方都可以接受直接扣款,所以这就免去了邮寄支票的麻烦｡提高您的信用等级8如果您发现您的信用记录让您很难申请贷款,那么债务合并贷款可以帮助您逐渐建立良好的信用等级｡只要每月按时还款,您的信用记录就会很快改善｡经过一定时间,您的信用记录上的欠款将会消失,于是,您就可以申请更便宜的贷款｡9债务合并贷款利率会因情况而异｡每月所要支付的钱数也会根据借贷数额和期限有所不同｡10英国债务合并贷款是以房产作为抵押的低利率贷款｡债务合并贷款可以允许借贷的资金范围是5000到75000英镑,在某些情况下您可以借贷相当于您总资产值125%的金额｡这既可以减少您要付的利息金额又可以降低每月的还款额,让您的生活重新步入正轨｡11债务合并贷款还可以让您的闲置资金(或资产)解放出来用于偿还您的购物卡和其他债务｡Terms1. Store Card零售商合作的联名信用卡,因为这一海外称为store card的产品是它最具优势的业务｡store card最早起源于沃尔玛等大零售商为吸引常客而发行的店内积分卡,并含有信用功能,但只能在其连锁网点使用｡2. Direct DebitDirect debit is a payment method that allows an organization to instruct their bank to collect varying amounts directly from customers’ accounts.There are generally two ways to set up a direct debit: one method requires the customer to instruct his or her bank to honor debit notes from the organization, the other one just requires the customer to give an authorization to the organization making the collections. The availability of these methods varies among countries and banks.3. Credit RatingAn assessment of the credit worthiness of individuals and corporations. It is based upon the history of borrowing and repayment, as well as the availability of assets and extent of liabilities.Credit is important since individuals and corporations with poor credit will have difficulty finding financing, and will most likely have to pay more due to the risk of default.Keys1 ComprehensionPart 11. C2. B3. D4. A5. BPart 22 V ocabularyPart 11. crisis2. overcome3.spare4. mortgage5. repayments6. arrears7. cheque8. Direct debit9. Fixed10. overdraftPart21. assess2. recreational3. considerable4. repaid5. significant6. overwhelmed7. financial8. combinationPart 3premium1. C 2. Bmortgage1. B2. Aterm 1. C2. B 3. A3 TranslationPart 11. 金融危机8. 月付款2. 财务状况9. 直接扣账,直接付款3. 保险费10. 信用等级4. 消费模式11. 信用历史纪录5. 债务合并贷款12. 财产价值6. 支票簿13. 闲置资金,游资7. (零售店)联名信用卡Part 21. The country now faces an economic crisis.2. Fixed wages and lack of promotion act as a disincentive to employees.3. Most people opt for buying their own homes rather than renting them.4. Both their assessments of production costs were hopelessly inaccurate.5. I’ve t ried Cantonese, Hunan and Sichuan food and they differ quite considerably.Real Life PracticePart 11. All Fidelity funds are no load;historically higher yields than CDs or regular bank savings accounts;tax benefits: Some may provide state and federal tax exempt income;liquidity: Buy or sell at any time.2. Performance data shown represents past performance and is no guarantee of future results.3. The fund seeks to provide as high a level of current income, exempt from federal income taxes, as is consistent with liquidity and stability of principal.4. The fund normally invests in municipal money market securities, with at least 80% of its assets invested in municipal securities whose interest is exempt from federal income tax. The fund will normally not invest in municipal securities whose interest is subject to federal income tax or the federal alternative minimum tax. The fund invests in compliance with industry standard requirements for money market funds for the quality, maturity, and diversification of investments. The fund potentially invests more than 25% of total assets in municipal securities that finance similar types of projects.5. The municipal market is volatile and can be significantly affected by adverse tax, legislative, or political changes and the financial condition of the issuers of municipal securities. Interest rate increases can cause the price of a money market security to decrease. Entities located in foreign countries can be affected by adverse political, regulatory, market, or economic developments in those countries. A decline in the credit quality of an issuer or the provider of credit support or a maturity shortening structure for a security can cause the price of a money market security to decrease. An investment in the fund is not a deposit of a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency. Although the fund seeks to preserve the value of your investment at $1.00 per share, it is possible to lose money by investing in the fund.6. $5,0007. Expense Cap is a limit that Fidelity has placed on the level of the expenses borne by the fund. The cap is voluntary and indicates the maximum level of expenses (with certain exceptions) that the fund would be paying at that time. The Expense Cap may be terminated or revised at any time, which may lower the fund’s yield or return.Practical WritingPart 1a.9b.5c.4d.2e.7f.1g.15h.10i.3j.13k.6l.12m.11n.14 o.8Part 21. dramatically2. abruptly3. suddenly4. moderately5. slightly6. rapidly7. gradually8. steadily9. drastically10. constantlyPart 3a. atb. byc. from; tod. of; betweenUnit 8GlobalizationText ATranslation of the Text世界贸易组织世界贸易组织成立于1995年1月,是一个国际组织,目标是通过成员国(目前有140多个成员国)间的多边贸易体制在世界范围内建立经济的和平与稳定,并寻求通过消除进口关税及开放市场来推动自由贸易｡为了实现这一目标,世贸组织管理贸易协定,监督国际贸易政策,并作为贸易谈判的论坛,同时为四个主要目标而努力——通过普遍降低关税实现自由贸易,为了统一贸易流程而在所有成员国实施相同规则,通过降低补贴刺激竞争,以及保证所有成员国都获得相同的贸易优惠｡世贸组织还为发展中国家提供技术援助和培训｡2世贸组织协议涵盖知识产权､货物及服务,还监督成员国采取行动降低海关关税和其他贸易壁垒｡世贸组织通过要求成员国公布他们实施的贸易法规和措施以增加贸易政策的透明度｡3世贸组织是从一个临时性的合法协议——关税与贸易总协定发展而来的｡关贸总协定是1948年在古巴的哈瓦那起草的,目的是在二战后鼓励自由贸易｡最初有23个国家签订了关贸总协定｡455年后,超过90%的世界贸易都受世贸组织贸易法规的管辖,拥护者称经济的发展证明了世贸组织的成功｡世贸组织的指导原则5世贸组织实现成员国平等待遇的一个途径就是给予每个成员国“最惠国”待遇;当一个成员国授予另一个国家贸易特权,这一特权必须延伸到所有其他成员国｡另一个原则是“国家待遇”,意思是各国要平等对待外国进口商品和本土产品｡6贸易协议要所有成员国共同签署,没有国家有否决权｡协议由协商一致的原则决定是否通过,但在协商无法达成一致的情况下,世贸协议也允许大多数投票通过｡7世贸组织与很多其他多边组织的不同之处在于,世贸组织依赖于协商一致而不是大多数投票,并且给予各国平等待遇｡在世界银行和国际货币基金组织里,每个国家的选票份额是根据该国在国际经济体系内的地位而决定的｡8虽然世贸组织的达成协商一致的方法意味着贸易法规可以被很快地采纳,但批评者指出,这也将权力赋予了那些有足够的资源用于条约谈判的富国｡Terms1. Free TradeTrade between countries which takes place completely free of restrictions. Such trade allows specialization in member states of free trade areas, and lowers costs because, together with competition, the markets are increased. Within a free trade area there are no barriers, such as tariffs and quotas. However, there is not necessarily a common policy on trade with countries outside the free trade area.2. SubsidyA benefit given by the government to groups or individuals usually in the form of a cash payment or tax reduction. The subsidy is usually given to remove some type of burden and is often considered to be in the interest of the public.Politics play an important part in subsidization. In general, the left is more in favor of having subsidized industries, while the right feels that industry should stand on its own without public funds.There are many forms of subsidies given out by the government, including welfare payments, housing loans, student loans and farm subsidies. For example, if a domestic industry, like farming, is struggling to survive in a highly competitive international industry with low prices, a government may give cash subsidies to farms so that they can sell at the low market price but still achieve financial gain.If a subsidy is given out, the government is said to subsidize that group/industry.3.Trade BarrierA trade barrier is a general term that describes any government policy or regulation that restricts international trade.Trade barriers are usually protectionist; that is, they are erected to protect domestic producers who would not be able to compete successfully with foreign producers in a free market or in free trade.4. Most Favored Nation StatusA method of establishing equality of trading opportunity among states by guaranteeing that if one country is given better trade terms by another, then all other states must get the same terms.In the twentieth century, the history of world trade is dominated by the move from protective tariffs to free trade. International agreements have permitted most of the world’s nations to export their products without facing discriminatory duties. A key concept in the liberalization of trade is most favored nation (MFN) status.MFN status is a method of preventing discriminatory treatment among members of an international trading organization. MFN status provides trade equality among partners by ensuring that an importing country will not discriminate against another country’s goods in favor of those from a third. Once the importing country grants any type of concession to the third party country, this concession must be given to all other countries.5. National TreatmentA concept of international law that declares if a state provides certain rights and privileges to its own citizens, it also should provide equivalent rights and privileges to foreigners who are currently in the country. This concept of equality can be found in bilateral tax treaties and also in most World Trade Organization agreements.6. World BankThe World Bank (the Bank) is a part of the World Bank Group (WBG), is a bank that makes loans to developing countries for development programs with the stated goal of reducing poverty. The World Bank differs from the World Bank Group in that the former only comprises the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and the International Development Association, while the latter incorporates these entities in addition to three others.The World Bank’s activities are focused on the reduction of global poverty, focusing on the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), goals calling for the elimination of poverty and the implementation of sustainable development. The constituent parts of the Bank, theIBRD and the IDA, achieve their aims through the provision of low or no interest loans and grants to countries with little or no access to international credit markets. The Bank is a market based non profit organization, using its high credit rating to make up for the low interest rate of loans. 7. International Monetary FundThe International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an organization of 185 countries dedicated to promoting global monetary cooperation and the health and stability of the international monetary system.The IMF plays three major roles in the global monetary system. The Fund surveys and monitors economic and financial developments, lends funds to countries with balance of payment difficulties, and provides technical assistance and training for countries requesting it.keys1 Reading1. To create economic peace and stability in the world through a multilateral system among member states and seeking to promote free trade by opening markets through the elimination of import tariffs.2. Currently there are slightly more than 140 members.3. The WTO grew out of a provisional legal agreement, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT).4. To encourage free trade in the wake of World War II.5. When a member country grants a trade privilege to another nation, the privilege must be extended to all other member countries.2 Comprehension1.C2.A3.B4.D5.C6.A3 V ocabularyPart 11. C2. A3. H4. F5. B6. I7. D8. J9. G10. EPart 21. privileges2. concession3. Regarding4. veto5. multilateral6. oversee7. adopt8. administered9. forum10. representationPart 31. C2. B3. D4. A5. C6. B4 TranslationPart 11. 世界贸易组织2. 成员国3. 自由贸易4. 进口关税5. 贸易协定6. 国际贸易政策7. 知识产权8. 贸易壁垒9. 最惠国待遇10. 贸易特权11. 国民待遇12. 否决权13. 世界银行14. 国际货币基金组织15. 国际经济系统Part 2答案见课文的译文5 Supplementary Reading1. body2. from3. freely4. member5. international6. consensus7. resolve8. barrier9. against10. negotiationsText BTranslation of the Text全球化的发展加强了处于不同发展水平的国家间的相互依赖｡下文是美国总统乔治·W·布什在2006年来亚洲访问时的演讲稿｡阅读这篇演讲稿,了解其对全球化和国际合作的看法｡[QX)]布什概述国际合作的领域1早上好!本周,我将访问新加坡､印度尼西亚和越南,在那里我还将参加亚太经济合作组织举行的年度首脑会议｡在这次访问中,我为亚洲地区的人们带来以下消息:美国仍会立足于与亚洲的合作,因为我们共同的利益都取决于在亚洲这个世界重要地区扩大自由､增加机会｡2亚洲对于美国来说是非常重要的,因为我国的繁荣取决于与亚洲地区进行的不断发展的经贸往来｡如今,美国跨太平洋进行的贸易往来要比跨大西洋的还要多,我们应继续在这些地区开发新市场,提供美国商品和服务｡3我的立场非常明确:只要交易平台是公平合理的,美国的农民､小型企业和工人就可以与任何人竞争,所以,美国将继续追求与各个地区及世贸组织中的所有国家进行自由平等的贸易｡我们通过为美国产品和服务开发新市场,就可以在国外为我们的产品引来新客户,为我们国内的工人和企业带来新的就业和其他机会｡4亚洲对于美国来说非常重要的另一原因是我们都面临着跨越国界的像能源和疾病这样的新挑战｡我们不断发展的经济过分依赖石油,我们共同追求着可以负担得起的,可靠的新能源｡所以,我们在这个地区与我们的伙伴共同合作来发展新的能源技术,如洁净煤､乙醇､生物柴油和氢燃料电池等,以减少我们对石油的依赖程度｡5在该地区,我们还与伙伴们合作,来应对疾病带来的威胁｡例如,我们如果不能迅速发现并阻止禽流感,就可能导致大量死亡,并给我们的社会带来严重的损失｡所以,我们共享信息,适时做出明智的准备计划,以确保我们能够控制禽流感的传播,并为疾病的流行做好应对准备｡通过合作来应对这些问题和其他挑战,我们就可以在亚洲建立更有美好的社会,为美国建立关系密切的合作伙伴｡6亚洲对美国非常重要的最后一个原因是我们的安全面临着同样的威胁｡该地区的人们非常理解恐怖分子的威胁,因为他们曾被恐怖分子当作袭击的对象｡继911之后,恐怖分子袭击了巴厘岛的一家夜总会､雅加达的酒店,在马尼拉海湾停靠的一艘满载游客的渡船､俄罗斯一所满是小学生的学校､澳大利亚驻印尼大使馆,以及其他许多目标｡犯下这些罪行的杀人犯都是一个明确的集中的意识形态的追随者,他们憎恨自由并反对宽容｡7在我们当今世界中最大的危险是,这些恐怖分子能够获得大规模杀伤性武器,并用使用它们来勒索自由国家,或进行大范围的屠杀｡这对我们整个文明都是一种威胁,我们与亚洲伙伴共同努力来打击恐怖活动｡8从长远来看,保证安全的最佳途径是扩大自由｡历史告诉我们,自由的社会是和平的社会,所以,美国将自由和民主作为抵抗镇压和激进主义的最好选择｡通过与亚太地区的同盟合作,我们将捍卫我们的自由,面对新世纪的挑战,并为我们的子孙后代建立一个更加乐观､和平和繁荣的未来｡TermsAsia Pacific Economic CooperationTrade group established in 1989 in response to the growing interdependence of Asia Pacific economies and the advent of regional economic blocs (such as the European Union and the North American Free Trade Area) in other parts of the world. APEC works to raise living standards and education levels through sustainable economic growth and to foster a sense of community and an appreciation of shared interests among Asia Pacific countries. At the end of the 1990s APEC’s membership included its 12 founding members —Australia, Brunei, Canada, Indonesia, Japan, South Korea, Malaysia, New Zealand, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and the United States — as well as Chile, China (including Hong Kong), Mexico, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Russia, and Vietnam; Taiwan also participates as “Chinese Taipei.” The Pacific Economic Cooperation Council, the South Pacific Forum, and the secretariat of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations maintain observer status. The APEC group represents about 40% of the world’s population, 40% of global trade, and 50% of the world’s gross national product.Keys1 ComprehensionPart 11. The prosperity in America depends on trade with Asia’s growing economies.2. As long as the playing field is level, America’s farmers, small businesses, and workers can compete with anyone, so America will continue to pursue free and fair trade at every level with individual countries across the whole regions and through the World Trade Organization.3. Asia and America should work together to develop new energy technologies that will make us less dependent on oil, including clean coal and ethanol, biodiesel and hydrogen fuel cells.4. Avian flu has the potential to claim many lives and inflict terrible damage on our societies if it breaks out. People should share information and put wise preparedness plans in place to help ensure that we can contain the spread of avian flu and be ready if a pandemic ever occurs.5. Since September the 11th, the terrorists have attacked a nightclub in Bali, a hotel in Jakarta, a ferry packed with passengers in Manila Bay, a school full of children in Russia, Australia’s embassy in Indonesia and many other targets.6. Terrorists could get their hands on weapons of mass destruction and use them to blackmail free nations or kill on an unimaginable scale.7. In the long run, the surest path to security is the expansion of freedom.Part 2Main idea:the expansion of freedom and opportunityFour Issues that President Bush addresses:1. tradefree and fair trade at every level;the World Trade Organization.2. energyclean coal and ethanol, bio diesel and hydrogen fuel cells.3. Avian flucontain the spread of Avian flu and be ready if a pandemic ever occurs4. terrorist threata risk to our entire civilizationProspects:defend our free way of life, confront the challenges of a new century, and build a more hopeful, peaceful, and prosperous future for our children and grandchildren.2 V ocabularyPart 11. inflicted2. summit3. transcended4. pursue5. committed6. outlined7. ally8. tolerance9. violence10. rejectedPart 21. to2. on3. to4. of5. on6. in7. to8. to9. on10. on3 TranslationPart 11. I committed an error in handling the business.2. The war inflicted heavy losses on the country.3. Western nations imposed tough sanctions on the country.4. Training is offered at every level in the department.5. The rapid spread of the disease is alarming the medical authorities.Part 2答案见课文的译文Practical WritingPart 11. investing in China2. business relationship3. foreign sole investment firms4. targeted sectors5. domestic and abroad areas6. highway construction7. domestic market demand8. most favorable polices9. investment projects 10. investigation and business tourPart 2SampleDear Sirs,We have your name and address through the introduction of Mr. A.G. TopWorth of Swanson & Bros., of Hamburg, who is one of our old clients. We wish to inform you that we specialize in exporting chinaware and shall be pleased to enter into business relations with you.If our above desire coincides with yours, please let us know and also keep us informed of your specific enquiries so that we can send our illustrated catalogue and price list for your reference without delay.In the meantime, we shall appreciate it very much if you will furnish us with the name of your bank prior to the conclusion of an initial transaction between us.We are looking forward to receiving your first enquiry.Yours sincerelyUnit 9 Intercultural CommunicationTranslation of the Text跨文化交流策略1有效地与来自不同文化的人交流是非常具有挑战性的｡文化决定了人的思维方式——观察､聆听､理解这个世界的方式｡因此,同一个词对来自不同文化的人来说可能意味着不同的东西,即使他们讲的是同一种语言｡当语言不同,交流中必须使用翻译的时候,产生误解的可能性就更大了｡2有效的文化交流的关键是知识｡首先,人们必须了解跨文化交流的潜在问题,并有意识地努力克服这些问题｡其次,有必要假设一个人的努力不会总是成功的,并随时恰当地调整个人的行为｡3例如,人们应该总是假定文化差异很有可能导致交流问题,并在出现问题的时候,乐于以耐心和宽容之心对待,而不是采取敌对和攻击的态度｡在跨文化交谈过程中,人们应该慢一些､小心地谈话,而不应该迅速得出结论认为你明白对方的想法和话语｡4跨文化交流专家威廉·尤里对激烈冲突的建议是:停下来､聆听､思考,也就是他所形容的当情况变得紧张的时候,要“到阳台上去”｡这句话的意思是暂时停止争吵,各退一步,然后在采取下一个行动之前反思一下这是怎么回事｡5这种方法在跨文化交流中也很有帮助｡当事情看起来越来越糟的时候,停下来或慢下来思考｡这是怎么回事?有没有可能我误解了他们说的话或他们误解了我?通常,误解是问题的根源｡6积极聆听可以用来检查是否出现误解——通过重复自己认为别人是什么意思,他就可以确定他是否准确地理解了交流的内容｡但是,如果不同的语言或文化群体之间的用词不同,那么即使是积极聆听也会无法注意到误解的产生｡7通常,熟悉双方文化的中间人在跨文化交流情况下会有所帮助｡8他们既可以翻译谈话的内容,也可以翻译谈话的方式｡例如,语气很强的语言在一种文化里是适合的,而在另一种文化里是不适合的,如果听话者的文化比较习惯于委婉的语言,那么中间人在翻译时,就可以将这种强语气翻译得缓和一些｡他们还可以调整讲话和做事的时机｡有些文化中谈话喜欢直入主题;有些喜欢先闲聊几句以便于与对方建立和谐的关系｡如果对主要问题的讨论来得太快了,需要先“热身”的一方就会觉得不舒服｡一个了解这一点的中间人或调解人就可以解释这个问题,然后对谈话程序做出适当调整｡9但是有时候中间人也有可能使交流变得更加困难｡如果中间人与争论一方来自同一文化或国家,与另一方却不同,这就显得他具有偏见｡就算中间人并没有有意地持有偏见,通常他也会更加倾向于支持或理解与他来自同一文化的人,就是因为他能够更好地理解他们｡但是,当中间人来自于第三种文化,跨文化交流产生误解的可能性会更大｡在这种情况下,额外讨论一些进行讨论的过程和方式会比较可取,在对话或谈判过程中每一步也要额外花些时间来进行确定和进一步确定｡Keys1 Reading1. Because cultures provide people with ways of thinking —ways of seeing, hearing, and interpreting the world. Thus the same words can mean different things to people from different cultures, even when they talk the “same” language.2. To stop, listen, and think. This means withdraw from the situation, step back, and reflect on what is going on before you act.3. Active listening can sometimes be used to check this out — by repeating what one thinks he or she heard, one can confirm that one understands the communication accurately.4. They can translate both the substance and the manner of what is said. They can also adjust the timing of what is said and done.5. This gives the appearance of bias.2 Comprehension。

• 7. Most of the buildings in the town were reduced to rubble in the earthquake.
• 8. How can I concentrate on my work with my roommates talking and laughing?
• 3. "I didn't imply anything," she said, "I just don't see what's wrong with a white person marrying a black person, that's all."
• 4. "A great man shows his greatness," said Carlyle, "by the way he treats little men."
• 5. Success doesn't only depend on what you do. What you don't do is equally important.
• 6. How do you account for the company's high staff turnover?
to mine which was lying on the desk. • 2. Our colleges inevitably graduate a number of such life
forms, but it cannot be said that they went to college; rather the college went through them—without making contact. • 3. "I didn't imply anything," she said, "I just don't see what's wrong with a white person marrying a black person, that's all." • 4. "A great man shows his greatness," said Carlyle, "by the way he treats little men." • 5. He squeezed it to see how deep the wound was. "It's shallow," he said. "Tomorrow you won't even know it's there." He hoped that she appreciated how quickly he had come to her aid.

Unit 7Task 1【答案】A.1) In a mental asylum.2) He was a member of a committee which went there to show concern for the pertinents there.3) They were cants behaving like humans.4) He was injured in a bus accident and became mentally ill.5) He spent the rest of his life in comfort.B.painter, birds, animals, cats, wide, published, encouragement, A year or two, The Illustrated London News, cats' Christmas party, a hundred and fifty, world famous 【原文】Dan Rider, a bookseller who loved good causes, was a member of a committee that visited mental asylums. On one visit he noticed a patient, a quiet little man, drawing cats. Rider looked at the drawings and gasped."Good lord, man," he exclaimed. "You draw like Louis Wain!""I am Louis Wain," said the artist.Most people today have never heard of Louis Wain. But, when Rider found him in 1925, he was a household name."He made the cat his own. He invented a cat style, a cat society, a whole cat world," said H. G. Wells in a broadcast appeal a month or two later. "British cats that do not look and live like Louis Wain cats are ashamed of themselves."Before Louis Wain began drawing them, cats were kept strictly in the kitchen if they were kept at all. They were useful for catching mice and perhaps for keeping the maidservant company. Anyone else who felt affection for cats usually kept quiet about it. If a man admitted that he liked cats, he would be laughed at. The dog was the only domestic animal that could be called a friend.Louis Wain studied art as a youth and became quite a successful newspaper and magazine artist. He specialized in birds and animals, including dogs, but never drew a cat till his wife was dying. They had not been married long, and during her illness a black-and-white cat called Peter used to sit on her bed. To amuse his wife, Louis Wain used to sketch and caricature the cat while he sat by her bedside. She urged him to show these-drawings to editors, fie was unconvinced, but wanted to humour her.The first editor he approached shared his lack of enthusiasm. "Whoever would want to see a picture of a cat?" he asked, and Louis Wain put the drawings away. A year or two later he showed them to the editor of The Illustrated London News, who suggested a picture of a cats' Christmas party across two full pages. Using his old sketches of Peter, Louis Wain produced a picture containing about a hundred and fifty cats, each one different from the rest. It took him a few days to draw, and it made him world famous.For the next twenty-eight years he drew nothing but cats. He filled his house with them, and sketched them in all their moods. There was nothing subtle about his work. Its humour simply lay in showing cats performing human activities; they followed every new fashion from sea bathing to motoring. He was recognized, somewhat flatteringly, as the leading authority on the feline species. He became President of the National Cat Club and was eagerly sought after as a judge at cat shows.Louis Wain's career ended abruptly in 1914, when he was seriously injured in abus accident and became mentally ill. Finally, he was certified insane and put in an asylum for paupers.After Dan Rider found him, appeals were launched and exhibitions of his work arranged, and he spent the rest of his life in comfort. He continued to draw cats, but they became increasingly strange as his mental illness progressed. Psychiatrists found them more fascinating than anything he had done when he was sane.Task 2【答案】A.1) Because he was always trying new things and new ways of doing things just like a young painter.2) It didn’t look like her.3) It was the only picture she knew that showed her as she really was.4) People from the poorer parts of Paris, who were thin, hungry, tired, and sick.B. 1) F 2) T 3) F 4) TC. 1881, 1973, Malaga, Spain, ninety-one yearsD. fifteen, nineteen, twenty-three, colors, darker, change, soft-colored, strange,shape, human face and figure, strange【原文】Pablo Picasso was born in 1881. So probably you are wondering why we call him "the youngest painter in the world". When he died in 1973, he was ninety-one years old. But even at that age, he was still painting like a young painter.For that reason, we have called him the "youngest" painter. Young people are always trying new things and new ways of doing things. They welcome new ideas. They are restless and are never satisfied. They seek perfection. Older people often fear change. They know what they can do best, riley prefer to repeat their successes, rather than risk failure. They have found their own place in life and don't like to leave it. We know what to expect from them.When he was over ninety, this great Spanish painter still lived his life like a young man. He was still looking for new ideas and for new ways to use his artistic materials.Picasso's figures sometimes face two ways at once, with the eyes and nose in strange places. Sometimes they are out of shape or broken. Even the colors are not natural. The title of the picture tells us it is a person, but it may look more like a machine.At such times Picasso was trying to paint what he saw with his mind as well as with his eyes. He put in the side of the face as well as the front. He painted the naked body and the clothes on it at the same time. He painted in his own way. He never thought about other people's opinions.Most painters discover a style of painting that suits them and keep to it, especially if people like their pictures. As the artist grows older his pictures may change, but not very much. But Picasso was like a man who had not yet found his own style. He was still looking for a way to express his own restless spirit.The first thing one noticed about him was the look in his large, wide-open eyes. Gertrude Stein, a famous American writer who knew him when he was young, mentioned this hungry look, and one can still see it in pictures of him today. Picasso painted a picture of her in 1906, and the story is an interesting one.According to Gertrude Stein, she visited the painter's studio eighty or ninety times while he painted her picture. While Picasso painted they talked about everything inthe world that interested them. Then one day Picasso wiped out the painted head though he had worked on it for so long. "When I look at you I can't see you any more!" he remarked.Picasso went away for the summer. When he returned, he went at once to the picture left in the comer of his studio. Quickly he finished the face from memory. He could see the woman's face more clearly in his mind than he could see it when she sat in the studio in front of him.When people complained to him that the painting of Miss Stein didn't look like her, Picasso would reply, "Too bad. She'll have to look like the picture." But thirty years later, Gertrude Stein said that Picasso's painting of her was the only picture she knew that showed her as she really wasPicasso was born in Malaga, Spain, a pleasant, quiet town. His father was a painter and art teacher who gave his son his first lessons in drawing.Young Pablo did badly at school. He was lazy and didn't listen to what the teachers were saying. He had confidence in himself from the beginning. But it was soon clear that the boy was an artist and deserved the best training he could get. Not even his earliest drawings look like the work of a child.One can say that Picasso was born to be a painter. He won a prize for his painting when he was only fifteen. He studied art in several cities in Spain. But there was no one to teach him all he wanted to know. When he was nineteen he visited Paris.Paris was then the center of the world for artists. Most painters went there sooner or later to study, to see pictures, and to make friends with other painters. Everything that was new and exciting in the world of painting happened there. When he was twenty-three, Picasso returned there to live, and lived in France for the rest of his life.He was already a fine painter. He painted scenes of town life—people in the streets and in restaurants, at horse races and bull fights. They were painted in bright colors and were lovely to look at.But life was not easy for him. For several years he painted people from the poorer parts of the city. He painted men and women who were thin, hungry, tired, and sick. His colors got darker. Most of these pictures were painted in blue, and showed very clearly what the artist saw and felt. The paintings of this "blue period" are full of pity and despair.Picasso did not have to wait long for success. As he began to sell his pictures and become recognized as a painter, his pictures took on a warmer look. At the same time he began to paint with more and more freedom. He began to see people and places as simple forms or shapes. He no longer tried to make his pictures true to life.The results at first seemed strange and not real. The pictures were difficult to understand. His style of painting was known as Cubism, from the shape of the cube. Many people did not like this new and sometimes frightening style. But what great paintings give us is a view of life through one man's eyes, and every man's view is different.Some of Picasso's paintings are rich, soft-colored, and beautiful. Others are strange with sharp, black outlines. But such paintings allow us to imagine things for ourselves. They can make our own view of the world sharper. For they force us to say to ourselves, "What makes him paint like that? What does he see?"Birds, places, and familiar objects play a part in Picasso's painting. But, when one thinks of him, one usually thinks of the way he painted the human face and figure. It is both beautiful and strange. Gertrude Stein wrote, "The head, the face, the human body--these are all that exist for Picasso. The souls of people do not interest him. The reality of life is in the head, the face, and the body."Task 3【答案】American Decorative Arts and Sculpture:colonial period, furniture, ceramics, ship modelsAmerican Art:The Far East, Islam, scroll painting, Buddhist sculpture, prints, the third millennium European Decorative Arts and Sculpture:Western, the fifth century, Medieval art, decorative arts, English silver, porcelain, the musical instrumentsPaintings:11th century, 20th century, impressionists, Spanish, DutchTextiles and Costumes:high quality, a broad selection, weavings, laces, costumes, accessories【原文】Welcome to the Museum of Fine Arts. Boston has long been recognized as a leading center for the arts. One of the city's most important cultural resources is the Museum of Fine Arts, which houses collections of art from antiquity to the present day, many of them unsurpassed. Now let me introduce to you some of the collections here.The Museum's collections of American decorative arts and sculpture range from the colonial period to the present time, with major emphasis on pre-Civil War New England. Furniture, silver, glass, ceramics, and sculpture are on exhibition, as well as an important collection of ship models. Favorite among museum-goers are the collection of 18th-century American furniture, the period rooms, and the superb collection of silver.The Boston Museum's Asiatic collections are universally recognized as the most extensive assemblage to be found anywhere under one roof. Artistic traditions of the Far East, Islam, and India are represented by objects dating from the third millennium B.C. to the contemporary era. The collections of Japanese and Chinese art are especially noteworthy. The variety of strengths in the collection are reflected in such areas as Japanese prints, Chinese and Japanese scroll painting, Chinese ceramics, and a renowned collection of Buddhist sculpture.The Department of European Decorative Arts and Sculpture houses Western European works of art dating from the fifth century through 1900. Outstanding among these holdings are the collection of medieval art and the collection of French 18th-century decorative arts. Also of exceptional importance are the English silver collection, the 18th-century English and French porcelain, and the collection of musical instruments.The Museum has one of the world's foremost collections of paintings ranging from the 11th century to the early 20th century. This department is noted for French paintings from 1825 to 1900, especially works by the impressionists. The Museum's great collection of paintings by American artists includes more than 60 works by John Singleton Copley and 50 by Gilbert Stuart. There is also a strong representation of paintings from Spain, Italy, and the Netherlands.The collection of textiles and costumes is ranked among the greatest in the world because of the high quality and rarity of individual pieces and because it has a broad selection of representative examples of weavings, embroideries, laces, printed fabrics, costumes, and costume accessories. The textile arts of both eastern and western cultures are included, dating from pre-Christian times to the present.Apart from what I have mentioned, the Museum has got much more to offer, for example, the collections of classical art, Egyptian and ancient Near Eastern art, and 20th-century art. I'll leave you to explore by yourselves and enjoy your time here.Task 4【答案】A.1) specialists, specialized settings, money, sharp division2) conventions, some societies and periods3) commodityB.1) Because they lacked opportunity: The necessary social, educational, and economic conditions to create art rarely existed for women in the past.2) Because the art of indigenous peoples did not share the same expressive methods or aims as Western art.C. 1) F 2) T【原文】The functions of the artist and artwork have varied widely during the past five thousand years. It our time, the artist is seen as an independent worker, dedicated to the expression of a unique subjective experience. Often the artist's role is that of the outsider, a critical or rebellious figure. He or she is a specialist who has usually undergone advanced training in a university department of art or theater, or a school with a particular focus, such as a music conservatory. In our societies, works of art are presented in specialized settings: theaters, concert halls, performance spaces, galleries, and museum. There is usually a sharp division between the artist and her or his audience of non-artists. We also associate works of art with money: art auctions in which paintings sell for millions of dollars, ticket sales to the ballet, or fundraising for the local symphony.In other societies and parts of our own society, now and in the past, the arts are closer to the lives of ordinary people. For the majority of their history, artists have expressed the dominant beliefs of a culture, rather than rebelling against them. In place of our emphasis on the development of a personal or original style, artists were trained to conform to the conventions of their art form. Nor have artists always been specialists; in some societies and periods, all members of a society participated in art. The modern Western economic mode, which treats art as a commodity for sale, is not universal. In societies such as that of the Navaho, the concept of selling or creating a salable version of a sand painting would be completely incomprehensible. Selling Navaho sand paintings created as part of a ritual would profane a sacred experience.Artists' identities are rarely known before the Renaissance, with the exception of the period of Classical Greece, when artists were highly regarded for their individual talents and styles. Among artists who were known, there were fewer women than men. In the twentieth century, many female artists in all the disciplines have been recognized. Their absence in prior centuries does not indicate lack of talent, but reflects lack of opportunity. The necessary social, educational, and economic conditions to create art rarely existed for women in the past.Artists of color have also been recognized in the West only recently. The reasons for this absence range from the simple--there were few Asians in America and Europe prior to the middle of the nineteenth century--to the complexities surrounding African Americans. The art of indigenous peoples, while far older than that of the West, did not share the same expressive methods or aims as Western art. Until recently,such art was ignored or dismissed in Western society by the dominant cultural gatekeepers.Task 5【答案】A.1) a) 2) c) 3) b)B.Ⅰ. observant, a dog, Leather BarⅡ. Magnificent visual memory, essentialsⅢ. Rhythm, DustmenⅣ. everyday scenes, Her salty sense of humourC. 1) T 2) F 3) T 4) T【原文】Few artists can have made such an immediate impact on the public as Beryl Cook. At one moment she was completely unknown; at the next, so it seemed, almost everyone had heard of her. First, a few paintings appeared quietly in the window of a remote country antique shop. Then there were exhibitions in Plymouth, in Bristol, in London; an article in a colour supplement, a television programme, a series of greetings cards and a highly successful book. Her rise was all the more astonishing since she was completely untrained, and was already middle-aged by the time she began to paint.Faced with such a series of events, the temptation is to discuss Beryl's art in the context of naive art. This seems to me a mistake, for she is a highly sophisticated and original painter, whose work deserves to be taken on its own terms.What are those terms? If one actually meets Beryl, one comes to understand them a little better. The pictures may seem extrovert, but she is not. For example, she is too shy to turn up at her own private viewings. Her pleasure is to stay in the background, observing.And what an observer Beryl Cook is! It so happens that I was present when the ideas for two of the paintings in the present collection germinated. One is a portrait of my dog, a French bulldog called Bertie. When Beryl came to see me for the first time, he jumped up the stairs ahead of her, wearing his winter coat which is made from an old scarf. A few days later his picture arrived in the post. The picture called Leather Bar had its beginnings the same evening. I took Beryl and her husband John to a pub. There was a fight, and we saw someone being thrown out by the bouncers.The point about these two incidents is that they both happened in a flash. No one was carrying camera; there was no opportunity to make sketches. But somehow the essentials of the scene registered themselves on Beryl, and she was able to record them later in an absolutely convincing and authoritative way.The fact is she has two very rare gifts, not one. She has a magnificent visual memory, and at same time she is able to rearrange and simplify what she sees until it makes a completely convincing composition. Bertie's portrait, with its plump backside and bow legs, is more like Bertie than reflection in a mirror—it catches the absolute essentials of his physique and personality.But these gifts are just the foundation of what Beryl Cook does. She has a very keen feeling for pictorial rhythm. The picture of Dustmen, for instance, has a whirling rhythm which is emphasized by the movement of their large hands in red rubber gloves—these big hands are often a special feature of Beryl's pictures. The English artist she most closely resembles in this respect is Stanley Spencer.Details such as those I have described are, of course, just the kind of thing toappeal to a professional art critic. Important as they are, they would not in themselves account for the impact she has had on the public.Basically, I think this impact is due to two things. When Beryl paints an actual, everyday scene—and I confess these are the pictures I prefer—the smallest detail is immediately recognizable. Her people, for example, seem to fit into a kind of Beryl Cook stereotype, with their big heads and fat and round bodies. Yet they are in fact brilliantly accurate portraits. Walking round Plymouth with her, I am always recognizing people who have made an appearance in her work. Indeed, her vision is so powerful that one tends ever after to see the individual in the terms Beryl has chosen for him/her.The other reason for her success is almost too obvious to be worth mentioning—it is her marvelous sense of humour. My Fur Coat is a picture of a bowler-hatted gentleman who is being offered an unexpected treat. What makes the picture really memorable is the expression on the face of the man. The humour operates even in pictures which aren't obviously "funny". There is something very endearing, for instance, in the two road sweepers with Plymouth lighthouse looming behind them.A sense of humour may be a good reason for success with the public. It is also one which tends to devalue Beryl's work with professional art buffs. Her work contains too much life to be real art as they understand it.This seems to me nonsense, and dangerous nonsense at that. Beryl does what artists have traditionally done—she comments on the world as she perceives it. And the same time she rearranges what she sees to make a pattern of shapes and colours on a flat surface—a pattern which is more than the sum of its individual parts because it has the mysterious power to enhance and excite our own responses to the visible.I suspect Beryl's paintings will be remembered and cherished long after most late 20th-century art is forgotten. What they bring us is a real sense of how ordinary life is lived in our own time, a judgment which is the more authoritative for the humour and lightness of touch.Task 6【答案】A. objects, action or story, painted and composed, interestingB.Plate 1: symmetrical, more interesting designPlate 2: asymmetrical, shapes, colorsPlate 3: extends, the left side, pointC.Plate 4: c) d)Plate 5: a) b) d)Plate 6: a) b) d)【原文】The six pictures in your book are all what we call still life paintings—that is to say, they pictures of ordinary objects such as baskets of fruit, flowers, and old books. There is no “action”, there is no "story" being told in any of these paintings. Yet we find these paintings interesting because of the way they have been painted, and especially because of the way they have been composed.The picture in PLATE 1 was painted by the seventeenth-century Spanish master Zurbaran. How simply Zurbaran has arranged his objects, merely lining them up in a row across the table! By separating them into three groups, with the largest item in thecenter, he has made what we call a symmetrical arrangement. But it is a rather free kind of symmetry, for the objects on the left side are different in shape from those on the right. Furthermore, the pile of lemons looks heavier than the cup and saucer. Yet Zurbaran has balanced these two different groups in a very subtle way. For one thing, he has made one of the leaves point downward toward the rose on the saucer, and he has made, the oranges appear to tip slightly toward the right. But even by themselves, the cup and saucer, combined with the rose, are more varied in shape than the pile of lemons on the left. All in all, what Zurbarran has done is to balance the heavier mass of lemons with a more interesting design on the right.We find a completely different sort of balance in a still life by the seventeenth-century Dutch painter Pieter Claesz (see PLATE 2). Objects of several different sizes are apparently scattered at random on a table. Claesz has arranged them asymmetrically, that is, without attempting to make the two halves of the picture look alike. The tall glass tumbler, for instance, has been placed considerably off-center, weighing down the composition at the left. Yet Claesz has restored the balance of the picture by massing his most interesting shapes and liveliest colors well over to the right.PLATE 3, a still life by the American painter William M. Harnett, seems even more heavily weighted to one side, for here two thick books and an inkwell are counterbalanced merely by a few pieces of paper. But notice the angle at which Harnett has placed the yellow envelope: How it extends one side of the pyramid formed by the books and inkwell way over to the left edge of the picture, like a long cable tying down a ship to its pier. Both the newspaper and the quill pen also point to this side of the painting, away from the heavy mass at the right, thus helping to balance the whole composition.Now turn to a still life by one of Harnett's contemporaries, the great French painter Paul Cezanne (see PLATE 4). Here the composition is even more daringly asymmetrical, for the climax of the entire picture is the heavy gray jug in the upper fight comer. Notice that Cezanne has arranged most of the fruit on the table, as well as a fold in the background drapery, so that they appear to move upward toward this jug. Yet he has balanced the composition by placing a bright yellow lemon at the left and by tipping the table down toward the lower left corner.Our next still life (see PLATE 5), by the famous Dutch artist Vincent van Gogh, seems hardly "still" at all. As we view this scene from almost directly above, the composition seems to radiate in all directions, almost like an explosion. Notice that Van Gogh has painted the tablecloth with short, thick strokes which seem to shoot out from the very center of the picture.Finally, let us look at a painting by Henri Matisse (see PLATE 6). Here we see a number of still life objects, but no table to support them. Matisse presents each form by itself, in a world of its own, rather than as part of a group of objects in a realistic situation. But he makes us feel that all these forms belong together in his picture simply by the way he has related them to one another in their shapes and colors.Task 7【原文】Frank Lloyd Wright did not call himself an artist. He called himself an architect. But the buildings he designed were works of art. He looked at the ugly square buildings around him, and he did not like what he saw. He wondered why people built ugly homes, when they could have beautiful ones.Frank Lloyd Wright lived from 1869 to 1959. When he was young, there were nocourses in architecture, so he went to work in an architect's office in order to learn how to design buildings. Soon he was designing buildings that were beautiful.He also wanted to make his buildings fit into the land around them. One of the houses he designed is on top of a high hill. Other people built tall, square houses on hills, but Wright did not want to lose the beauty of the hill. He built the house low and wide.Now other architects know how to design buildings to fit into the landscape. Frank Lloyd Wright showed them how to do it.。

现代大学英语精读3简介《现代大学英语精读3》（Advanced College English: Reading and Writing, Book 3）是为中国高校英语专业本科生编写的一本教材，帮助学生提高阅读和写作能力。

本教材共分为六个单元，每个单元涵盖不同主题和文体，使学生能够接触到不同类型的英语文章。

每个单元都包括阅读理解、词汇学习和写作练习等部分，以帮助学生全面发展英语能力。

教材结构单元介绍教材共有六个单元，每个单元都以不同的主题为中心，包括科技、环境、文化、社会、教育和全球化等。

每个单元都包括以下几个部分：•预习任务：通过预习任务，学生可以了解本单元的主题，并提前准备相关的词汇和背景知识。

•阅读理解：以多种不同类型的英语文章为主要素材，帮助学生培养阅读和理解能力。

•词汇学习：通过词汇学习部分，学生可以掌握本单元相关的重点词汇和短语，并进行相关练习。

•写作练习：通过写作练习，学生可以提高自己的写作能力，并应用本单元的内容进行写作。

补充资源教材提供了一些补充资源，以帮助学生更好地学习和巩固所学知识。

这些补充资源包括课后习题答案、词汇表、写作指导和阅读材料的翻译等。

学习方法阅读篇章在阅读理解部分中，学生可以通过不同类型的文章提高阅读理解能力。

建议学生采用以下方法进行学习：1.预览文章：在开始阅读之前，先预览文章的标题、段落标题以及图片等信息，以便快速了解文章的主题和结构。

2.理解关键词：在阅读过程中，注意理解重要的关键词和短语。

可以使用词典或者上下文推测词义。

3.识别主题句：每个段落通常都有一个主题句，通过识别主题句可以更好地理解文章的主旨。

4.做练习题：教材提供了相关练习题，学生可以通过做题巩固所学知识。

词汇学习除了阅读理解部分，教材还提供了词汇学习部分，帮助学生掌握重点词汇和短语。

学生可以使用以下方法进行词汇学习：1.记忆词汇：通过使用词汇表和词汇练习，学生可以加深对重点词汇的记忆，并提高词汇量。