英语写作常识范文

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向老师道歉的话英语作文(一)向老师道歉的话英语作文(二)考研英语写作小作文之道歉信在考研英语的Part A 小作文部分，书信作为考查的重点所在，种类繁多。

在前面我们曾就以题目为例，详细地解析过前五种书信：即建议信、投诉信、咨询信、感谢信和祝贺信的写作方法及其注意事项。

今天中公考研英语教研组的张玉环老师就对考研英语小作文中的第六类书信——道歉信——进行深入的分析。

道歉信，英文中称为 letter of apology，是由于某事向某人表示歉意的信件，通常是由于自己的过错或不能履行承诺等而做出的道歉。

写作时，一定要态度诚恳，提供合理的理由，并需在解释完原因后，尽可能提供一个合适的补救办法。

道歉信曾在2008年英语(一)的小作文中考查过。

作为英文应用书信的一种，道歉信非常符合考研英语的考查要求，既可考查考生的英语书面表达能力，尤其是应用文的英语表达能力，又可考查到考生对内容要点的归纳、概括、表述能力。

一般来说，在考研英语中，道歉信主体部分的写作可按照三个步骤进行，即“三步走”策略。

接下来就以题目为例，具体解析一下这个策略。

例题：Directions：You have just come back from Canada and found a music CD in your luggage that you forgot to return to Bob, your landlord there. Write him a letter to1) make an apology, and2) suggest a solution.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address.题目要求向你在加拿大时的房东Bob写一封信，为自己未能在回国之前归还音乐CD而向他道歉，并提出解决方案。

英语（一）真题大作文主题解析：看看你的主题写对了吗考研英语二必须要研习真题邵宁2017《考研英语（二）历年真题精析：命题剖析与复习指导》真题对考研的提高是非常必要的，但是首先要打好基础对于想要提高考研英语写作能力的同学有以下建议谭剑波2017《考研英语（二）写作高分特训》是现阶段考研英语二较为翔实的书。

2.改写：所谓“改写”就是根据命题要求对背过的语言材料进行去粗取精、去伪存真的模仿练习。

这是培养写作技能熟巧问题的必经之路。

在这方面，考生应多做句子、段落和短文的汉译英练习，对照答案反复推敲，悟出道理来，才能心领神会、模仿套用。

3. 套用：练习性写作和考研写作一样，把熟练背记的词汇、成语、句型按提纲、漫画和提示的要求进行造句、组段，以便写出一篇比较规范的短文。

这就叫套用。

考研英语作文-2012年哪本考研英语作文书好？我用写作160篇，第一遍是先把这些话题都过上一边，先混个眼熟，掌握每个话题的写作思路；第二遍然后把每个话题里的经典句式抄下来，以便有空闲时间背诵记忆；第三遍就是把它里面的重点话题，进行模仿，根据它翻译过来的译文，自己英语重新写出，然后对比检查，这样做的目的就是看看自己写得每个句子里面有没有语法或句式错误，不要出现中国式的英语；最后一遍就是背一些必备的范文，丰富自己的语言功底。

这样的方法也是我以前的师兄给我说的，效果确实不错！ 1背诵：选择一些经典的，热门的话题范文进行背诵，量不在多，在于熟，可以选择160篇里面的经典的必背30篇进行背诵，里面的范文比较经典。

2默写：范文背熟了之后进行默写，速度要快。

小作文100字争取在八分钟内写完，大作文200字争取在15分钟内写完3仿写：在你完成背诵和默写任务之后就要进行一定量的仿写，仿写的最好对象就是历年真题，还有就是160篇经典的范文，仿写的目的在于使得你背诵范文中的经典句子变成你自己的句子。

2012关于考研英语作文【红宝书】考研英语写作——（图画+话题）180篇，目前是考研市场上写作书销的最好的写作书。

英语书信的基本常识由之前英语常用应用文的分类来看，基本上我们接触的常用应用文主要是书信类。

书信的具体写法格式，中文同英文是有很大差别的。

因此了解英文书信的一些常识性东西是十分必要的。

1.信头(heading)英语书信的信头包括发信人的地址和发信的具体日期两部分。

信头放在信纸的右上角，一般分行写出。

要先写发信人地址，再写发信的日期。

写发信地址时依据从小到大的原则，即：先写门牌号码、街道名或路名，再写区(县)及所在市名称，然后是省或州、郡名称，最后再写上国家的名称。

日期的顺序是先写月份再写哪一日然后是年份。

需写邮政编码，邮政编码写在城市名称后边，用逗号隔开。

信头不能越过信纸中间而写到信纸的左上面。

另外需要注意的是，通常在写地址时，第一行写门牌号和街名，第二行写地区名，第三行是日期。

一般信头每行末不用标点符号，但每行中间应用的标点不可少，城区名和邮政编码之间，日月和年份之间要用逗号隔开。

信头一般不要写得太高，信头的上面要留些空白。

信头的书写格式有两种：并列式和斜列式。

所谓并列式是指信头各行开头上下排列整齐。

而所谓斜列式是下一行开头较上一行的开头向右移一至两个字母的位置。

如：并列式：6pparkave.newyork;ny11215,u..a.december1，1999斜列式：6pparkave.newyork,ny11215,u..adecember1,1993。

2.信内地址(inideaddre)信内地址包括收信人的姓名称呼和地址两部分。

社交的私人信件信内地址是省略的。

信内地址的位置位于信头的左下方，它的开始行低于信头的结尾行，位于信纸中央的左边。

信内地址先写收信人的头衔和姓名，再写地址，地址排列次序同信头一样。

信内地址的书写格式也有两种：并列式和斜列式。

一般来讲，信头和信内地址所用的格式总是保持一致的。

标点符号的使用也与信头一样。

关于信内地址对收信人的头衔和姓名的称呼一般有以下几种情况：无职称的男子用mr.(加姓)已婚的女子用mr.(加女子丈夫的姓)未婚的女子用mi婚姻状况不明的女子用m.博士或医生用dr.(doctor)有教授职称的用prof.(profeor)总经理、校长、会长、总统用pre.(preident)。

一、图表作文写作常识1、图形种类及概述法：泛指一份数据图表：a data graph/chart/diagram/illustration/table饼图：pie chart直方图或柱形图：bar chart / histogram趋势曲线图：line chart / curve diagram表格图：table流程图或过程图：flow chart / sequence diagram程序图：processing/procedures diagram2、常用的描述用法The table/chart diagram/graph shows （that）According to the table/chart diagram/graphAs （is）shown in the table/chart diagram/graphAs can be seen from the table/chart/diagram/graph/figures，figures/statistics shows （that）……It can be seen from the figures/statisticsWe can see from the figures/statisticsIt is clear from the figures/statisticsIt is apparent from the figures/statisticstable/chart/diagram/graph figures （that）……table/chart/diagram/graph shows/describes/illustrates how……3、图表中的数据（Data）具体表达法数据（Data）在某一个时间段固定不变：fixed in time在一系列的时间段中转变：changes over time持续变化的data在不同情况下：增加：increase / raise / rise / go up ……减少：decrease / grow down / drop / fall ……波动：fluctuate / rebound / undulate / wave ……稳定：remain stable / stabilize / level off ……宫东风老师考研英语图表作文预测及练习：第1篇Study the following pie carefully and rite an essay in which you should1)describe the pie,2)interpret its meaning, and 3)suggest counter-measures.You should write about 160—200 words neatly ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)［参考范文］(291 words) 爱滋病的感染途径As is obviously betrayed in the pie above, the main contagion (接触传染) channels among China’s HIV positive cases are drug injection (43.9%), commercial blood donors (24.1%), and sexual contact (19.8%). The statistics have indicated the reality that we are facing and have profound implication for us in terms of AIDS control and prevention.The implied meaning of the pie above which demonstrates how victims were usually infected in the year of 2004 is far-reaching. In the first place, the contagion channel of drug injection should be the top on our agenda. The channel of infection ranks first in the pie above currently in our society the availability of drugs are getting easier. If enough attention is not attached to the control of drug injection, China’s HIV positive cases will rocket to an alarming figure, which is bound to threaten the stability of our society.What’s more, the contagion channels — commercial blood donors and sexual contact — should not be ignored by us. The two channels of infection rank second and third respectively. In fact, blood and sex are part of people’s life so that it is more difficult for us to always watch out. However, constant watching-out has become a must due to the cruel reality which is revealed in the pie above. Otherwise, everybody in our society will be in danger of being infected with HIV positive.Counter measures must be taken in order contain the current situation. In the first place, we must offer medical treatment to those who are already infected. In the second place, we must popularize the knowledge of AIDS in our society, especially among young people. Most importantly, the idea of prevention should be the uppermost in our work and life.宫东风老师考研英语图表作文预测及练习：第2篇Study the following chart carefully and write an essay in which you should1)describe the chart,2)deduce the purpose of the painter of the chart.You should write about 160—200 words neatly ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)［参考范文］2004年不同疾病的死亡率(248 words)As is apparently betrayed in the chart above, among the leading causes of death among 15 — 59-year-olds worldwide in the year of 2004 are HIV/AIDS, heart failure, tuberculosis and so forth, which cover both external and internal factors. What the chart reveals mirrors a social reality, which is in effect thought-provoking.The aim of the painter of the chart is to make us have a clear understanding of the leading causes of death so as to improve our life span and the quality of life. In the first place, some diseases such as HIV/AIDS and cancer arestill No. 1 enemies since we still have no better way to deal with them. Consequently, we must work hard in this aspect and try our best to find the cure as early as possible. In the second place, psychological stress on us should not be neglected in terms of leading causes of death. Causes such as heart failure and suicide are closely related with psychological stress.Therefore, to protect our life, we must first of all attach importance to our state of mind. Last but not least important, some leading causes such as respiratory illness is associated with our environment pollution. Therefore, the improvement of our environment can contribute to the protection of our life. In sum, the chart above reminds us that the leading causes of death result from diseases, psychological stress, and environmental pollution. In order to have a better life, something must be done in the relevant aspects mentioned above.宫东风老师考研英语图表作文预测及练习：第3篇Study the following chart carefully and write an essay in which you should1)describe the chart,2)account for the status revealed, and3)make a relevant prediction.You should write about 160—200 words neatly ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)The number of Scientific breakthroughs over the past years in P.R. China (Estimated)［参考范文］(228 words) 从2001-2004年4年当中中国在科学成就上突破表As is apparently betrayed in the chart above, the number of scientific breakthroughs over the past years in P.R. China has been climbing and rocketed to 120 cases in the year of 2004, which is a shocking news to people both at home and abroad. People may wonder what is behind the great achievement.The foremost reasons for the tremendous feat which is revealed in the chart above can be illustrated as follows. To begin with, idea that science and technology are also productivity has contributed to the increase of scientific breakthrough. Over the years, more and more people realize that we are living in an era of knowledge explosion. If we want to survive and develop in the current world, we must keep pace with the development of science and technology. Thus, scientific breakthrough crop up by each passing day. What’s more, the Opening-up and Reform has also brought about the increase of scientific breakthroughs. The Opening-up and Reform has improved the d evelopment of China’s economy, which has laid a solid foundation for the increase of scientific breakthroughs. In sum, our new idea and Opening-up and Reform are the preconditions of the tremendous increase of scientific breakthroughs.As our country develops at a high speed, more scientific breakthroughs will come into our life since we have more solid economic foundation, advanced equipment and facilities, and super talents.宫东风老师考研英语图表作文预测及练习：第4篇Study the following chart carefully and write an essay to1) describe the chart,2) state your attitude toward the event, and3) suggest counter-measures.You should write about 160—200 words neatly ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)［参考范文］(172 words) 世界恐怖案件调查表As is apparently betrayed in the chart above, the number of terror attacks over the past four years has been climbing and rocketed to 204 cases in the year of 2004. This is a shocking figure to everyone and every nation in the world, which has aroused the deep concern of the international community.In my view, terrorist offences against civilians cannot be justified in any way. Action of the kind is no doubt criminal regardless of their motivation, be it political or personal. The terror attack on children and women like the case in Russia not long ago is never forgivable. In fact, terror attack is a threat to the world peace and stability.Counter-measures should be taken to fight against terrorism. To begin with, there is a greater and more urgent need for the international community to collaborate now. What’s more, the legislative framework of international co-operation against terrorism should be perfected. Most importantly, the world community should carefully explore terrorism’s breading grounds while probing effective means to counter it.宫东风老师考研英语图表作文预测及练习：第5篇Study the following drawing carefully and write an essay to1)describe the picture2)deduce the reasons for the predictions revealed, and3)put forward your suggestions.You should write about 160—200 words neatly ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)［参考范文］(256 words) 预测中国人口寿命As is a pparently betrayed in the drawing above, the average life spans of the world population and China’s population will reach fifty years and one hundred years respectively by the year of 2300. And by then the number of people above the age of sixty will account for thirty-eight percent of the total world population. This is a great change in human history, which has made us think deeply.The foremost reasons for the predictions which are indicated in the drawing above can be illustrated as follows. To begin with, the rapid development of the world economy has contributed to the predictions. Over these years, the world economy is developing at a surprising speed, which has supplied people all over the world with adequate daily necessities. What’s more, the de velopment of medical science has brought about the predictions. Over the past years, a number of medical breakthroughs have been made in the field of medical science, which has greatly protected people and improved the quality of people’s life. With the fu rther growth of the world economy and medical science, the UN predictions will be more persuasive.By the way, here are suggestions of mine for the predictions revealed in the drawing above. The international community including China must now make preparations for the coming of the day. Much knowledge concerning senior citizens should be popularized. More public facilities for senior citizens should be set up. More professionals on senior citizens should be strictly trained. Only in this way can we live in a peaceful and harmonious environment. 宫东风老师考研英语图表作文预测及练习：第6篇Study the following chart carefully and write an essay in which you should1)describe the chart,2)deduce the purpose of the painter of the chart, and3)suggest counter-measures.You should write about 160—200 words neatly ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)［参考范文］(280 words) 关于南京大屠杀知道情况的问卷调查As is apparently betrayed in the chart above, the number of people who know the date of the Nanjing Massacre (大屠杀) is only one out of fifteen, which is really surprising to every Chinese. The social phenomenon is not a trivial matter and should arouse the great concern of our society.The aim of the painter of the chart is to remind us that we are forgetting what we should always keep in mind as a Chinese. Everyone in the world has his/her motherland. As a Chinese, we should have a good understanding of the history of our motherland. Without a good understanding of the history, we can not be a qualified Chinese. In the history of our nation, many significant events have ever taken place. The Nanjing Massacre is just one of them, which have left us an unforgettable memory. To forget events of the kind means that we betray our nation, that we are losing our national spirit, that we lack patriotism (爱国精神), and that we are destroying our future. The phenomenon which is revealed in the chart above is pervasive and must be curbed. Otherwise, it will impair the development of our motherland.Counter-measures must be taken to rectify the trend of the kind revealed in the chart above. Mostly importantly, laws and regulations must be established to popularize the knowledge of the history of our motherland. Besides, activities at national level should be organized to mark the significant events in our history. In sum, we must attach more importance to our history in order to make our country become a strong and powerful nation in the world.宫东风老师考研英语图表作文预测及练习：第7篇Study the following chart carefully and write an essay to1)depict the chart, and2)deduce the reasons behind the fact.You should write about 160—200 words neatly on NSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)［参考范文］(235 words) 考研人数从2003-2005年持续上升As is vividly betrayed in the chart above, the number of MS/MA candidates has been climbing over the past years and rocketed to 1.3 million in the year of 2005. People at different walks of life may wonder what is behind the figure.The foremost reasons for the great increase of MA/MS candidates over the past years can be illustrated as follows. In the first place, the idea that knowledge is power has contributed to the enormous increase of MA/MS candidates. At present, we are living in an era of knowledge explosion. If we want to survive in the current society, we must have good command of knowledge. To be exact, knowledge learning has become a life-long work.Therefore, more and more people are content with their four-year college education and apply for MA/MSdegree. In the second place, the current unsatisfactory job-hunting has resulted in the great increase of MS/MA candidates over the past years. At the moment, the supply of the college graduates overtakes the demand for the college graduates.As a result, many college graduates can not find jobs that they really enjoy and want. Some of their jobs are even irrelevant to their majors. Therefore, they would like to conduct further study instead of doing the work that they dislike. As a consequence, more and more people apply for MA/MS degree, which has led to the great increase of MA/MS candidates.宫东风老师考研英语图表作文预测及练习：第8篇Study the following chart carefully and write an essay to1)describe the chart,2)deduce the possible reasons of the increase of the gold medals.You should write about 160—200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)［参考范文］中国在奥运会上金牌逐渐上升(197 words)As is vividly portrayed in the chart above, the number of gold medals which are snatched by P.R. China has been climbing and rocketed to 32 at the 2004 Athens Olympic Games. This is a great achievement in Chinese sports. People both at home and abroad may wonder what has brought about the great success.The foremost reasons for the great achievement which is revealed in the chart above can be illustrated as follows. To begin with, the Opening-up and Reform has contributed to the growth of Chinese sports. The Opening-up and Reform since 1978 has improved the development of economy in China, which has laid a solid foundation for the development of sports in China.Thus, without the Opening-up and Reform, the 32 gold medals would be a pie in the sky. What’s more, the international exchanges have brought about the growth of Chinese sports. On one hand, we sent Yao Ming to NBA and Liu Xiang to participate in international events of various kinds. On the other hand, we have invited foreign professionals to come to China and coach our national teams.Therefore, without the international exchanges, the 32 gold medals would be an empty talk.宫东风老师考研英语图表作文预测及练习：第9篇Study the following chart carefully and write an essay in which you should1)describe the chart,2)account for the fact revealed in the chart.You should write about 160-200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)［参考范文］(238 words)As is vividly betrayed in the chart above, the number of scholars returning from the overseas has been climbing over the past years and rocketed to over 50 thousand in the year of 2004. People may wonder what is behind the amazing figure.The foremost reasons for the tremendous increase which is clearly revealed in the chart above can be illustrated as follows. To begin with, a set of preferential policies has contributed to the increase of the number. To attract the students studying overseas to return, our government has set up a suite of preferential policies in terms of salaries, residing place, housing, choice of jobs, and children’s education. Without the preferential policies, the increase of the number is out of the question.What’s more, the rapid development of our motherland has led to the in crease of the number of scholars returning from overseas. Since 1978, China has carried out Opening-up and Reform, which has greatly improved the growth of China’s economy. The robust economy has laid a solid foundation for the rapid development of scientific field, which makes P.R.China a most inviting country to both Chinese at home and abroad and foreigners. Therefore, without the great leap of our motherland over the past years, the increase of the scholars returning from overseas would be impossible.In one word, our preferential policy and rapid development of our motherland are the foundation of the increase revealed in the chart above.图表作文10：1997年考研英语真题作文Directions:A. Study the following set of pictures carefully and write an essay in no less than 120 words.B. Your essay must be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET.C. Your essay should cover all the information provided and meet the requirements below:OUTLINE:1. Interpret the following picture.2. Predict the tendency of tobacco consumption and give your reasons.【参考范文】The problem of smoking has received more and more concern from all over the world. As is indicated by the pictures, smokers for nearly 20% of the world population. And tobacco has caused a loss of 200 billion U.S. dollars and claimed 3 million lives annually.However, it is billion that the world tobacco production witnessed a decrease from 14.364 billion pounds in 1994 to 14.2 in 1995. according to this change. I confidently believe that there will be less and less tobacco consumption in the future, generally for two reasons. On the one hand, being aware of the harm of smoking, more and more people join in the fight against it. They either try their best to give up smoking or advise others not to smoke any longer.On the other hand, many governments have attached more attention to this social hazard and take various measures to put an end to it. Therefore, I have every reason to believe that the fight against smoking will be won by us human beings at last.考研英语二图表作文预测：全国出境游Topic 3: The boom of overseas traveling industryFrom the bar chart given above, we can observe that the number of people traveling abroad experienced some changes during the past several years. From 1999 to 2000, the number of Chinese people traveling abroad increased rapidly from 7.5 million to 10 million, and then to 12.1 million in 2001.The bar chart reveals that people in mounting numbers are going to travel abroad. What exactly contribute to this phenomenon? Reasons can be listed as follows: for one thing, the authorities have issued some preferential policies to promote the development of the overseas tourism industry, which encourages a sudden emergence of travel agencies that can provide customers with convenient overseas tourism services. Additionally, with the improvement of financial status and purchasing power, a considerable number of Chinese people can afford the once-deemed-expensive traveling expenses. Last but not least, as there exists huge difference in cultures, customs and landscapes between China and overseas countries, quite a few people hold that overseas traveling is not only a perfect way to relax oneself, but also enrich their knowledge and expand their horizons.By observing the past trends, we may forecast that the growth tendency will continue. However，it is also a highly variable industry which is vulnerable to seasons and climates，international political situation，fluctuations in exchange.考研英语二图表作文预测：电子商务成交额Global E-commerce turnoverFrom the curve chart given above, we can observe that the turnover of global E-commerce experienced some change during the past several years. From 1997 to 2005, it rose dramatically from 20 billion to 900 billion.The curve chart reveals that the global E-commerce industry enjoys an explosive growth. Quite a few reasons can be listed to account for this phenomenon, and the followings might be the most critical ones: for one thing, the authorities of different countries have issued some preferential policies to protect and encourage the development of E-commerce, thus quite a few online-transaction websites emerge overnight. Moreover, the one-click-payment consumption mode has been widely accepted by the public thanks to the widespread availability of the Internet. Last but not least, people’s decision to purchase on-line can also be put down to the power of so-called “group-dynamics”: when our friends are shopping at net work, we will be influenced by them and imitate their behaviors unconsciously.The rapid development of E-commerce signals that new business models contribute largely to the sustainable development of the global economy. However, when enjoying the fruits offered by modern technology, we should also keep an eye on the underlying threat of it. In a world features open boundary, deception and fraud sometime abound. (209 words )考研英语二图表作文预测：职业选择Different job inclination between boys and girlsFrom the bar chart given above, we can find that it reflects the statistics of profession inclination between girls and boys. Most obviously, 40% of boys intend to be a manager, with only 15% of girls choosing this job. When it comes to the profession of teacher, we can observe that 45% of girls prefer to take this job, while the proportion of boys only account for 5%, 40% lower than that of girls.The bar chart informs us of the phenomenon that there exists some difference in profession inclination between boys and girls. What exactly contribute to this phenomenon ? reasons can be listed as follow: for one thing, quite a few boys regard being a manager as a symbol of success. As this profession stands for promising futures, fat pay and competence. Moreover, boys’ de cision to be a manager can also be attributed to the power of so-called “group dynamics”: when members of their social network prefer to be a manager after graduation, they are easily influenced and imitate others’ behavior unconsciously or consciously. Wh en it comes to girls, the are more inclined to be a teacher. As this profession features stability and respect. Take social and biological factors into account, we know that it is reasonable for girl to choose teacher as their ideal profession goals.Both girls and boys have rights to choose their profession. However, one thing we should bear in mind is that there exists no better or worse, superior or inferior jobs, but suitable and satisfactory ones. (254words)考研英语二作文范文：中国职业的变化The changes of Chinese professionsFrom the pie chart given above, we can observe that the professions structure of Chinese people experienced some changes during the past several years. From 1980 to 1999, the percentage of agricultural professions decreased by 30% from 68% to 38%. During the same period, however, service sectors increased rapidly from 5% to 22%. When it comes to the manufacturing professions, its percentage rose markedly from 27% in 1980 to 40% in 1999.The pie chart reveals the phenomenon that there exists some difference in the development tendency among different professions in China. What exactly contribute to this phenomenon ? reasons can be listed as follows: for one thing, with the rapid process of urbanization, people in mounting numbers, especially youngster, have left their village homes ,moved into big cities and thus been out of agricultural industries. Moreover, quite a few people, especially college graduates hold that it is comparatively easy for them to make more money in the service industry. When it comes to the manufacturing industry, its transformation might be attributed to the adjustment of industrial structure: the authorities have issued some preferential policies to promote the rapid extension of manufacturing industry, thus, more workforces are required.By observing the change over the past several years, we may forecast that the proportion of professions of service and manufacture will continue to rise. However, a high value should be placed on the development of agricultural industry by the public and the authorities. Otherwise, with the number of people who are engaged in agriculture diminishing, we will one day have nothing to eat! (262words)考研英语二作文范文：快餐和坐下来餐厅发展趋势The development tendency of fast food and sit down restaurantFrom the curve chart given above, we can observe that the number meals of fast food and sitdown restaurant experienced some changes during the past several years. The number of meals of fast food increased slowly from 20 in 1970 to nearly 30 in 1980. From 1980 to 2000, it ascended rapidly from 30 to approximately 90. On the contrary, when observing the statistics of sitdown restaurant meals, we can find that it increased slowly from 20 in 1970 to roughly 50 in 2000.The curve chart informs us of the phenomenon that there exists some difference in the development tendency between fast food and sitdown restaurants. What exactly contribute to this phenomenon? Reasons can be listed as follows: for one thing, with the pace of modern life quickening, people barely have much time to waste in lining up for restaurant meals, on thecontrary, fast food meals can do help busy people save a great deal of time. Additionally, the authorities have issued some preferential policies to protect and encourage the rapid extension of fast food industry , thus the public can buy fast food at shops scattering around the city. On the contrary , people in diminishing numbers are willing to eat at sitdown restaurant. They think that eating at restaurant is always time-consuming and inconvenient. Besides, food at restaurant is comparatively expensive than fast food.by observing the trend of the past, we may forecast that the number of fast food meals will continue to rise in the years to come. However, we should also take the detrimental impact of fast food into consideration. Do remember that fast food is one of the main causing factors of diseases such as heart attack, obesity and diabetes.英语二。

英语写作基础第一章英语写作常识与规范第一节标点符号1．顿号“、”英语没有顿号，一般用逗号取代。

如:This kind of machine is widely used in India, Russia，the U。

S.A。

and China。

(这种机器在印度、俄罗斯、美国、中国广泛应用.)2．书名号汉语书名号为《》，表示书籍、报刊等名称。

英语中不用书名号，而是用斜体字表示,以区别于印刷体；但打字或书写时，因没有斜体字，便在书名或刊名下划一横线。

例如：I often read the newspaper——-New York Times。

（我经常阅读《纽约时报》这份报纸。

)3．句号英语的句号是是实心的小圆点，即“。

”，常用于陈述句和祈使句之后。

而汉语的句号是空心圆圈，即“。

”。

4．冒号英语中的冒号一般只用来对主句进行说明、引申、解释等等，汉语中除有上述相似用法外,更多用于直接引语的说明及一般函件的开头语.例如:The year is divided into four seasons: spring，summer，autumn and winter。

(一年分为四季：春、夏、秋、冬.）5. 逗号“,”在英语中，引起直接引语的说明以及一般函件开头的称呼语等一类用语后都用逗号，而不象汉语那样用冒号。

（但美国用冒号）。

逗号是英文写作中最常用的标点符号.对中国学生而言,也是最容易出错的地方。

因为以中国人写作的思维，只要一句话意思没完,便要用逗号，而对于英文写作，只要句子结构完整便要用句号.例如：逗号误用：I set out for the biggest bookstore in town, at the school gate I saw a girl of my class, she was going there，too, we decided to go together, we walked，the bookstore was not far away。

考研英语二_图表作文写作方法和模板图表作文一第一节图表作文的类型图表作文可分为两大类：表作文和图作文;表作文表格Table可以使大量数据系统化,便于阅读、比较;表格常由标题Title、表头Boxhead表格的第一行、侧目Stub表格左边的第一列和主体Body 部分表格的其余部分等部分组成;如下表：用表格表达的信息具体准确,而且表格中的各项均按一定规律排列;阅读表格时要注意找出表格中各个项目的相互关系,表格中各个项目的变化规律;例如,上面的表格中的数字说明,和1978年相比,1983年大学入学的人数在增加,而小学的入学人数在减少;搞清楚这些变化规律也就读懂了表格的内容;图作文图作文又可分为三种：圆形图作文、曲线图作文和条状图作文;1 圆形图作文圆形图Pie chart也称为饼状图或圆面分割图;圆形图因为比较形象和直观,各部分空间大小差别容易分辨,所以常用来表示总量和各分量之间的百分比关系;整个圆表示总量,楔形块表示分量;有时圆形图还有数值表,两者结合可把各分量表示得更准确、清楚;例如：This is a pie chart of the average weekly expenditure of a family in Great Britain. As can be see from the chart, the main expenditureof an average British family is spent on food, which accounts for 25% of its total expenditure. The next two significant expending items are transport and housing, which are 15% and 12% respectively. If we take into account clothing and footwear, which makes up 10%, the four essentials of life, that is, food, transport, housing, and clothing and footwear, amount to 62% of the total expenditure.2 曲线图作文曲线图Line graph也称为线性图或坐标图;曲线图最适合表示两个变量之间关系的发展过程和趋势;一般来说,曲线所呈现的形状比某一点所代表的变量的值更有意义;曲线图有横轴和纵轴;一般先看横轴所代表的数量或时间等,然后再看纵轴所显示的意义;同时必须找出线条所反映的最高或最低的变化;例如：这个曲线图的横轴代表1990年的不同的月份,纵轴代表交通事故的数量;从交通事故曲线图上可知,前八个月的交通事故的数量有升有降;曲线图在八月份升到了最高点39,此后一直呈下降的趋势,十二月份降到了最低点16;可见,1990年的交通事故的数量总体上呈下降的趋势;3 条形图作文条形图Bar graph也称为立柱图或圆柱图;条形图由宽度相同但长度不同的条块代表不同的量;当要比较几个项目或量时,常用不同颜色来区分;条形图主要用来表示：1同一项目在不同时间的量;2同一时间不同项目的量;阅读条形图时,要先看图例,再看横轴、纵横各代表什么量,每一个刻度所代表的值是多少,最后找出图中各长条所表示的数据及各长条间的相互关系;例如：左边的条形图的横轴代表时间,纵轴代表期望寿命Life Expectancy,这一条形图想要体现的是同一项目期望寿命在不同时间的量;右边的条形图的横轴也是代表时间,纵轴是代表婴儿的死亡率Infant Mortality,这一条形图想要体现的也是同一项目婴儿的死亡率在不同时间的量;左边的条形图表明1990年的人均期望寿命比1960年的人均期望寿命长20岁,而1990年的婴儿死亡率比1960年的婴儿死亡率下降了50%;第二节图表作文的出题形式例1 题目：Changes in People’s DietStudy the following table carefully and your composition must be based on the information given in the table. Write three paragraphs to :1. state the changes in people’s diet 饮食in the past five years;2. give possible reasons for the changes;3. draw your own conclusions.You should quote as few figures as possible.例2 题目：Car Accidents Declining in Walton CityRemember that your composition must be written according to the following outline;1. Rise and fall of the rate of car accidents as indicated by the graph;2. Possible reasons for the decline of car accidents in the city;3. Your predictions of what will happen this year.Your composition should be no less than 120 words and you should quote as few figures as possible.例3 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Health Gain in Developing Countries. Your composition must be no less than 120 words and you should base your composition on the following instructions given in Chinese:1. 以下图为依据描述发展中国家的期望寿命life expectancy和婴儿死亡率infant mortality的变化情况2. 说明引起变化的各种原因从以上例子可见,图表作文一般在题目中给出作文的标题和一个或几个统计表格、圆形图、曲线图或条形图,有时还用英文或中文提纲的形式给出提示,要求我们：1用文字描述图表,客观解释图表中所传递的信息,并找出某种规律或趋势;2就图表中所反映的某种趋势或问题分析其原因或后果;第三节图表作文的写作要领图表作文着重说明事实,常常是通过对图表中所反映的具体数据的说明、分析、比较,对某种事物或现象的事实或变化情况等加以说明,并提出结论或看法;因此,图表作文常常采用议论文体的写作方法;写好图表作文,关键在于能否读懂图表中所提供的信息,把握各信息间的联系,用准确流畅的语言把这一信息表达出来,并就这一信息发表自己的看法;图表作文的写作步骤写图表作文时,要注意遵循以下步骤：1认真分析图表的含义,弄清图表中所含的信息及不同信息间的关系;2确定文章的主题思想,构思出文章的基本框架,筛选出能说明图表主题思想的典型数据;3编列文章的提纲;4根据文章的提纲,将各段的提纲内容扩展成段落,然后将各个段落组成文章,注意段与段之间的衔接与过渡;5检查与修改;图表作文的篇章结构写图表作文时,常采用三段式的谋篇方式;文章的第一段往往分析图表中的数据变化反映什么问题或趋势,概述图表所揭示的信息;第二段分析造成这一问题或趋势的原因;第三段则展望未来的情况或提出解决问题的办法或建议;这一结构可以简单地表述为：第一段：概述图表反映的主题思想第二段：分析产生的原因第三段：展望未来或提出方法或建议图表作文常用的句型1常用的开篇句型即概述图表内容时常用的表达法①According to the table/pie chart/line graph/bar graph, we can see/conclude that …根据该表/图,我们可知……②The table/graph reveals shows/indicates/illustrates/ represents/points out that …该表/图表明……③As we can see from the table …As can be seen from the line/bar graph …As is shown illustrated/indicated in the pie chart …如表/图所示,……2 描述增减变化常用的句型①Compared with …is still increased by …②The number of …grew/rose from …to …③An increase is shown in …; then came a sharp increase of …④In …the number remains the same/drops to …⑤There was a very slight small/slow/gradual rise/increase in 1990.⑥There was a very steady marked/sharp/rapid/sudden/ dramatic drop decrease/ decline/ fall/ reduction in 1998/ compared with that of last year.下面是根据例2的题目要求写的范文;⑴From the graph, we can see that the number of car accidents in Walton city fluctuated during the year of 1990. ⑵The first two months of 1990 showed an increasing trend. ⑶The rate rose to 32 in March but fell to 26 in June. ⑷From June on, the rate was rising again and reached the peak point 39 in August. ⑸After August the rate began to decline remarkably, and eventually dropped to the lowest poin t 16 at the end of the year. ⑹Therefore, it’s obvious thatcar accident in Walton city declined in 1990.⑴主题句/概述表格反映的内容⑵—5反映交通事故的变化情况6小结：总结表格数据反映的总趋势⑺There are several reasons for the decline. ⑻First, a new traffic law was made and came into force. ⑼It provided that in summer every car must be air-conditioned. ⑽As a result, the highest rate in August, when humidity and high temperature make drivers impatient and easily lead to car accidents, dropped steadily. ⑾Second, new roads were built and some narrow streets were widened, which quickened the flow of traffic. ⑿Finally, the city administration made great efforts to heighten people’s awareness of observing traffic rules.⑺主题句⑻原因/措施一⑼解释措施一/次要辅助⑽采取措施一后的结果⑾原因/措施二⑿原因/措施三⒀With all these new measures, I’m sure the rate of car accidents in Walton city will go on falling this year.⒀总结：展望未来的情况第四节、图表作文练习及其参考范文下面是写作练习,在写作的过程中注意审题,考虑文章的结构、采用的扩展方法、开头的结尾的方法以及文章中的过渡等;练习1：Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition of no less than 120 words on Changes in People’s Diet. Study the following table carefully and your composition must be based on the information given in the table. Write three paragraphs to:1. state the changes in people’s diet 饮食in the past five years;2. give possible reasons for the changes;3. draw your own conclusions.You should quote as few figures as possible.⑴As is shown in the table, there have been great changes in people's diet between 1986 and 1990. ⑵From the table, we can find that grain, formerly the main food of most Chinese people, is now playing a less important role in people's diet. ⑶And the same goes for fruit and vegetables. ⑷On the other hand, the consumption of high-nutrition food such milk and meat has increased rapidly.⑸What has caused these changes There are mainly three reasons 主题句. 6 First, people are much wealthier than before. 7 With higher income, they can afford to buy nutritious foods. 8 Second, people have realized the importance of a balanced diet to their health. 9 Lack of certain amount of meat or milk, for example, will result in poor health. 10 Finally, owing to the economic reform, meat and milk, which were scarce in the past, are produced in large quantities.11 Although milk and meat are important to one's health, eating too much rich food may result in obesity and may other diseases. 12Therefore, people should not only eat a lot of milk and meat, but also enough grain, fruit and vegetable for the sake of their health.图表作文二一、图表作文写作常识1、图形种类及概述法：泛指一份数据图表：a data graph/chart/diagram/illustration/table 饼图：pie chart直方图或柱形图：bar chart / histogram趋势曲线图：line chart / curve diagram表格图：table流程图或过程图：flow chart / sequence diagram程序图：processing/procedures diagram2、常用的描述用法The table/chart diagram/graph shows thatAccording to the table/chart diagram/graphAs is shown in the table/chart diagram/graphAs can be seen from the table/chart/diagram/graph/figures,figures/statistics shows that……It can be seen from the figures/statisticsWe can see from the figures/statisticsIt is clear from the figures/statisticsIt is apparent from the figures/statisticstable/chart/diagram/graph figures that ……table/chart/diagram/graph shows/describes/illustrates how……3、图表中的数据Data具体表达法数据Data在某一个时间段固定不变：fixed in time在一系列的时间段中转变：changes over time持续变化的data在不同情况下：增加：increase / raise / rise / go up ……减少：decrease / grow down / drop / fall ……波动：fluctuate / rebound / undulate / wave ……稳定：remain stable / stabilize / level off ……最常用的两种表达法：动词+副词形式Verb+Adverb form形容词+名词形式Adjective+Noun form二、相关常用词组1、主章开头图表类型：table、chart、diagramgraph、column chart、pie graph描述：show、describe、illustrate、can be seen from、clear、apparent、reveal、represent内容：figure、statistic、number、percentage、proportion2、表示数据变化的单词或者词组rapid/rapidly 迅速的,飞快的,险峻的dramatic/dramatically 戏剧性的,生动的significant/significantly 有意义的,重大的,重要的sharp/sharply 锐利的,明显的,急剧的steep/steeply 急剧升降的steady/steadily 稳固的,坚定不移的gradual/gradually 渐进的,逐渐的slow/slowly 缓慢的,不活跃的slight/slightly 轻微的、略微地stable/stably 稳定的3、其它在描述中的常用到的词significant changes 图中一些较大变化noticeable trend 明显趋势during the same period 在同一时期grow/grew 增长distribute 分布,区别unequally 不相等地in the case of adv. 在……的情况下in terms of / in respect of / regarding 在……方面in contrast 相反,大不相同government policy 政府政策market forces 市场规率measure n.尺寸,方法,措施v.估量,调节forecast n.先见,预见v.预测三、英语图表写作套句精选table shows the changes in the number of……over the periodfrom……to……该表格描述了在……年之……年间……数量的变化;bar chart illustrates that……该柱状图展示了……graph provides some interesting data regarding……该图为我们提供了有关……有趣数据;diagram shows that……该图向我们展示了……pie graph depicts that……该圆形图揭示了……is a cure graph which describes the trend of……这个曲线图描述了……的趋势;figures/statistics show that……数据字表明……tree diagram reveals how……该树型图向我们揭示了如何……data/statistics show that……该数据字可以这样理解……data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that……这些数据资料令我们得出结论……is shown/demonstrated/exhibited in the diagram/graph/chart/table…如图所示…to the chart/figures……根据这些表数字……is shown in the table……如表格所示……can be seen from the diagram,great changes have taken place in……从图中可以看出,……发生了巨大变化;the table/chart/diagram/figure,we can see clearly that……or it isclear/apparent from the chart that……从图表我们可以很清楚明显看到……is a graph which illustrates……这个图表向我们展示了……table shows the changing proportion of a & b from……to……该表格描述了……年到……年间a与b的比例关系;graph,presented in a pie chart, shows the general trend in……该图以圆形图形式描述了……总的趋势;is a column chart showing……这是个柱型图,描述了……can be seen from the graph,the two curves show the fluctuation of……如图所示,两条曲线描述了……的波动情况;the period from…to…the…remained level. 在…至…期间,…基本不变;the year between……and……在……年到……期间……the 3 years spanning from 1995 through 1998……1995年至1998三年里……then on/from this time onwards……从那时起……number of……remained steady/stable from month/year to month/year;……月年至……月年……的数量基本不变;number sharply went up to……数字急剧上升至……percentage of…stayed the same between…and……至…期间…的比率维持不变;figures peaked at……inmonth/year……的数目在……月年达到顶点,为……percentage remained steady at……比率维持在……percentage of…is slightly larger/smaller than that of比例比…的比例略高低;is not a great deal of difference between……and………与……的区别不大;graphs show a threefold increase in the number of……该图表表明……的数目增长了三倍;33……decreased year by year while……increased steadily.……逐年减少,而……逐步上升;situation reached a peaka high point at of%.……的情况局势到达顶高点,为……百分点;figures/situation bottomed out in……数字情况在……达到底部;figures reached the bottom/a low point/hit a trough.数字情况达到底部低谷;is ……times as much/many as b. a是b的……倍;increased by……a增长了……increased to……a增长到……low/great/small/ percentage. 比低高低is an upward trend in the number of…………数字呈上升趋势;considerable increase/decrease occurred from……to………到……发生急剧上升;……to……the rate of decrease slow down. 从……到……,下降速率减慢;this year on,there was a gradual declinel reduction in the……,reaching a figure of……从这年起,……逐渐下降至……similar to……与……相似the same as……与……相同are a lot similarities/differences between……and…………与……之间有许多相似不同之处has something in common with b a于b有共同之处;difference between a and b lies in……a与b之间的差别在于……50……yearwitnessed/saw a sharp rise in…………年……急剧上升开头段转述题目常用句型The line graph describes/ illustrates/ demonstrates/ summarizes/ outlines/ shows…后面跟名词或者从句开头段或者主体段引出数据或者趋势常用句型According to/ As shown in/ As can be seen from…后面跟图表的类型It can be seen from …后面跟图表的类型…thatIt is manifest from…后面跟图表的类型…that表示上升的动词Go upwent up /riserose/ growgrew/ increaseincreased/ ascendascended , 其中rise和increase 也经常作名词, grow-growth表示急剧上升的动词Jumpjumped/ surgesurged/shoot up shot up/ soarsoared 其中surge 也可以做名词表示下降的动词Decline/ fall/ drop/ sink/ dip/ decrease/ descend, 其中decline/ fall/ drop/ decrease也经常做名词表示急剧下降的动词Plummet/ plunge表示速度快的形容词Sharp/ dramatic/ drastic/ rapid/precipitous/steep 副词加-ly表示幅度大的形容词Marked/ substantial / significant, 副词加-ly表示缓慢,逐渐的形容词Gradual/ steady/ gentle / slow, 副词加-ly表示小幅度的形容词Modest/ moderate/ slight, 副词加-ly表示波动的动词Fluctuate, 不及物动词,名词fluctuation表示稳定在一个水平上的动词Level off at/ level out at/ hover at/ stabilize at/ reached a plateau at 表示达到最高的动词Peak at/ reach the highest point at , peak 也可以做名词表示达到最低的动词Reach the bottom at/ the lowest point at/ bottom out at, bottom 也可以做名词表示经历了某种变化的及物动词Experience/ witness/ see表示达到了多少数量的及物动词或词组Reach/arrive at/ amount to / hit/ register/ stand at表示占…后面跟百分数或数字的及物动词或词组Account for/ represent / constitute / make up表示数据由某几个部分组成的既无动词或者词组A is composed of/comprise/ is made up of/ consists of B,C and D. 注意和include 区别表示对未来数字的预测的及物动词Project/ predict / forecast表示"分别"的副词Respectively—in the 2004 Olympics, China and Russia won X and Ygold medalsrespectively.表示"大约"的副词或者词组About, around, approximately, roughly, just over, just under图表作文三作文1DIRECTIONS: A. Study the following graphs carefully and write an essay in at least 150 words. B. Your essay must be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET II. C. Your essay should cover these three points:1. effect of the country’s growing human population on its wildlife2. possible reason for the effect3. your suggestion for wildlife protection段落类型分析第一段第二段第三段图画/图表描述段原因阐释段建议措施段参考范文一From these graphs, we can draw a conclusion that, with the growth of human population, the number of species has decreased rapidly in America, and some species have even vanished from our planet. There are numerous reasons accounting for the phenomenon and I would like to explore a few of the most important ones here. Above all, as the human population grows rapidly, a growing number ofpeople came to live where some wild species have been living. Then these species have to move to other places. Some of them probably can not adapt to the new environment and die. In addition, although many people look on the wildlife as their friends, some people may not think so. They catch a lot of wild animals and sell them in order to get more money. Consequently, the natural balance and the ecologic environment are destroyed. The clear cutting has become increasingly serious. So some of the wildlife become homeless and extinct.In order to protect the wildlife, I have some suggestions. First, the governments should make laws to prevent them from being caught and killed. Second, the governments should educate people to love nature and protect it. Third, as for ourselves, we should take practical actions to protect our living environment. 210 words参考范文二The two charts show that the increase in the . population has been accompanied by a corresponding decline in the number of wildlife species. Far too many species have been lost already. This poses a danger to the ecological balance.As the human population expands, wild animals in mounting numbers are hunted for food, or because they are thought to present a threat to man. But studies show that one of the primary causes ofthe disappearance of wildlife is pollution, which is one of the consequences of population growth and economic development. This makes us wonder if men are able to share this planet in harmony with other life forms.In my opinion, it is imperative for us to take steps to reverse the disturbing trend illustrated in the charts. One measure would be to forbid the building of cities in areas where wild life is threatened with extinction. But, more importantly, men must learn to stop polluting the environment, or he himself will be extinct. 167 words参考范文三As is seen from the two graphs, it is clear that with the rapid growth of . population from 1800 to 1990, the number of its wildlife species no longer existing soared during the same period. Naturally, we can draw the conclusion that the sharp decline of wildlife species resulted from the population growth.Several reasons may account for this phenomenon. To begin with, as the population grows, people consume much more natural resources. Second, with the increase of human activities, modern people take up more and more space which exerts a great influence on other species. Finally, the problem of pollution becomes more and more serious with the development of modern industry. More and more animals have to adapt themselves to the decaying environment ormove to a totally different place, but not all of them are fortunate enough to survive the changes.Solving this problem calls for, above all, the government’s efforts to control population growth, to decrease industrial pollution and to enhance the laws to forbid wildlife hunting. Moreover, common citizens should be aware of this ecological crisis and take on the responsibility of wildlife protection. In a word, only when the government and the common people make joint efforts can we hope to find a satisfactory solution to this problem. 216 words作文2图略The line graph illustrates how the number of people using a London underground station fluctuates over the course of 16 hours 6am to 10pm. As we can see from the graph, at 6am the number of people at the station stands at only 100. The number shoots up over the next two hours, peaking at 400 at 8am. Then the number descends drastically for two hours, bottoming out at 180 at 10am. The period between 10o'clock and 12o'clock witnesses a moderate growth in the number of people in the station, with the number reaching 280 at midday. Numbers in the following two hours stabilize at just under 300 people. Then the number plummets to only 100 from 2pm to 4pm. Then the next two hours see a dramatic rise again, with 6pm registering 380 people. After 6pm, the number dips again,reaching the lowest point of 130 at 8pm. The period from 8pm to 10pm experiences a slight rise, but then the number of people declines again from 180 at 9pm to 135 at 10pm. This line graph clearly demonstrates that rush hours in the early morning and the early evening are periods when the station is used by the most people.作文3The diagram illustrates in four stages the recovery of the forests in Yellowstone National Park after a devastating forest fire. In the first picture, while the old forests still exist, they drop bad wood to the soil under them, which renders the soil more fertile. Then lightning and fire strike, destroying the forests completely. And the growth of new forests starts right at this point. The second picture demonstrates that in the first 50 years after the devastating fire, saplings grow in build while descend in overall number. In the next two centuries, the young trees continue to thrive in Yellowstone, because of the fertile soil and the ample sunlight. Then, three hundred years after the fire, the number of trees decline to roughly the same as the old forests. These five pictures show us that it takes as long as three centuries for a destroyed forest to fully recover. Further, they vividly explain to us the natural law of "survival of the fittest". The number of trees that a region can support is not limitless, which means the forests on earthwill not be an inexhaustible resource.作文4The table below gives information about changes in modes of travel in England between 1985 and the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.范文1The table indicates the number of miles by the average English person in 1985 and 2000, using various means of transport.The number of miles walked, cycled and travelled by local bus all decreased. Of these, the number of miles travelled by local bus decreased the most, from 429 miles in 1985 to 274 miles in 2000. The number of miles travelled by car, long distance bus, train and taxi all increased. The number of miles driven by car was 3,199 in 1985 and rose by 50% to 4,806 in 2000. The number of miles travelled by long distance bus more than doubled from 54 miles 1985to 124 miles 2000. The number of miles driven by taxi trebled from 13 miles 1985 to 42 miles 2000. The use of other, unspecified, forms of transport also increased.Overall, the number of miles travelled by the average English person rose from 4,740 miles in 1985 to 6,475 miles in 2000, with the increase of cars accounting for almost all of that increase. 173 words范文2The table demonstrates how different modes of travel changed in England in 15 years spanning from 1985 to 2000. In general, the modes are classified into two kinds in terms of average miles travelled per person per year: one enjoyed rising popularity while the other decreasing.The travel modes which gained popularity in the period included cars, long distance buses, trains, taxis and others. Cars remained top among the modes in the 15 years, with its average miles increasing considerably from 3,199 in 1985 to 4,806 in 2000. Long distance buses and taxis seemed to be warmly welcomed by travelers, so average miles travelled in the two modes almost tripled.Travels by walking, bicycles and local buses lost travelers’favor in the one and a half decade. Average travelling distance by local buses suffered the biggest decrease, dropping from 429 to 274, whilst the number of miles by walking and bikes fell mildly from 255 to 237 and from 51 to 41 respectively. Despite the decreases, however, the total miles travelled grew from 4,740 to 6,475.In brief, the total travelling distance in the country grew in 15 years when cars, long distance buses, trains, taxis and other modes of travel were more popular and walking, bicycling and localtransportation less popular. 212 words作文5Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition of no less than 100 words on Income Sources between Chinese and American Students. Study the following table carefully and your composition must be based on the in formation given in the table. Write three paragraphs to:1. Describe the differences of the income sources between Chinese and American students.2. Analyze possible reasons for these differences.3. Predicate future tendency.Source of income Percentage of Total Income_________________________________________________________________________ _____Parents Part-time job Fellowship or ScholarshipAmerican students 50% 35% 15%Chinese students 90% 5% 5%_________________________________________________________________________ ______范文: Income Sources Between Chinese Students and American StudentsIncome sources of Chinese students are quite different from those of American students. In China, students get 90% of their money from their parents while in America, only 50% of students` money is provided by parents. In addition, Chinese students earn only 5% of their money from part time jobs and 5% from fellowship or scholarship while income from these two resources for American students takes up 35% and 15% respectively of their total income.I think there are probably three reasons for their differences. First, because of the influence of different social and family values, Chinese students have formed the habit of asking for money from their parents while American students have developed more sense of being financially independent. Second, most Chinese parents devote too much care to their children and they would rather save up to afford their children’s education rather than encourage them to take part-time jobs. But in America, many parents pay more attention to developing the students ability of self-reliance, so they encourage their children to find part-time job to earn some money by themselves. Third, since America is more developed than China, it is relatively easy for students to find part-time jobs. In China, such opportunities are rather rare.I believe with the development of China, more and more Chinese students will realize and pay more attention to the necessity of self-dependence. In addition, more and more opportunities will be provided for them to take part-time jobs. So more students will go out of the ivory tower to broaden their knowledge and to become the master of their own lives.作文6For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: Student Use of Computers. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the chart and the outline given below:1.上图所示为1990年、1995年、2000年某大学生使用计算机的情况,请描述其变化；2.请说明发生这些变化的原因可从计算机的用途、价格或社会发展等方面加以说明；3.你认为目前大学生在计算机使用中有什么困难或问题;范文: Student Use of Computer Since 1990, there has been tremendous growth in the use of computers by students. While in 1990, the average number of hours a student spent on the computer was about one hour per week, this number grew to nearly four hours per week by 1995, and to approximately 20 hours per week by the year 2000.This significant growth in the use of computers by students in the 1990’s can be attributed to several factors, including widespread usage, lower prices, and technological and social developments. Nowadays, computers are widely used by students for word processing, book keeping, multimedia presentations, and access to the Internet for both research and communications. Additionally, since 1990, due to competition and technological advances, computer hardware and software prices, as well as Internet usage charges have dropped significantly. Finally, technological developments and changes in social habits in the 1990’s have played a major role in this tremendous growth in the use of computers. Today’s society relies heavily on computers for immediate access to the news and for entertainment, including, listening to music, watching movies and sport events, and playing computer games. While computers are of great assistance to the students, and therefore, are indispensable tools, they also pose some challenges. The biggest challenge that many students face is discipline in the use of this powerful device. That is, students need to have the discipline of not allowing themselves to be lured by the entertaining aspects of this wonderful tool—aspects that can result in addiction to computer games or viewing of undesirable material on the Internet. That is to say, students need to use this powerful tool with great wisdom作文7The graphs below show the age structure of a European country from 1901 to 1981 and a prediction for 2021. Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant. You should write at least 150 words. Sample AnswerThe graphs compare the population makeup of one European country every forty years from 1901 to 1981, and the estimated number in 2021. There was a huge increase in the number of people in this country from 38,225,000 in 1901 to 67,180,000 eighty years later, and this upward trend is expected to last through to the year 2021, when the population is estimated at 87,658,000, more than double the 1901 figure.In 1901 and 1941, the population structure in this country was completely the same, with an overwhelming majority of its population 95% below 65, 4% between65 and 85 and only 1% over 85 years old.However, the year 1981 sawa sharp increase in the percentage of the elderly. Altogether, they made up 17% of the total population, whereas the projection for the year 2021 shows that they will continue to grow but less dramatically to 20% of the total population 15% for 65-85-year-olds and 5% for over-85-year-olds. In summary, changes are taking place not only in the number of people but also in the ages of the people who make up the population in this European country, indicating it is advancing。

英语书信的基本常识英语书信是人们在书写交流中所使用的一种语言形式，它有一定的格式和用语规范。

下面是关于英语书信的基本常识：1. 信封格式：- 发信人（寄件人）的地址应写在信封的左上角。

- 收信人（收件人）的地址应写在信封的中央部位，稍微偏下一点。

2. 信件格式：- 日期应写在信的右上角。

- 信的开头应写明称呼（例如：Dear Mr./Ms. + 姓氏）。

- 信件的开头可以使用一些常见的问候语和寒暄语。

- 信件的正文部分是信件的主要内容，要确保内容清晰明了。

- 信件的结尾应用一些礼貌的结束语。

- 结束语后应留出空行，并在下方写上你的名字。

3. 信件写作常用语：- 称呼：Dear + 称呼（例如：Dear Mr./Ms. + 姓氏）。

- 开头开始语：I am writing to…（我写信是为了…）/ I am writing in response to…（我在回复你的来信）。

- 询问对方的消息：How are you?（你好吗?）/ I hope this letter finds you well.（希望你身体健康。

）- 介绍自己：My name is…（我是…）/ I am writing to you on behalf of…（我代表…给你写信）。

- 表达请求：I would like to ask for…（我想要请求…）/ Could you please…?（你能…吗？）- 表达感谢：Thank you for…（感谢你…）/ I appreciate your help.（感谢你的帮助。

）- 结束语：Yours sincerely（正式结尾语）/ Best regards（亲切结尾语）。

以上是关于英语书信的基本常识，希望对你有帮助！。