专题二 阅读七选五
1.高考阅读七选五的体裁与主题语境(以2016～2018全国卷为例)
体裁 主题语境 段落小标题
2018 卷Ⅰ 说明文 人与社会——家庭装饰 无
卷Ⅱ 议论文 人与自我——晨练的好处 无
卷Ⅲ 说明文 人与社会——舞蹈 无
2017 卷Ⅰ 记叙文 人与自我——野营 无
卷Ⅱ 说明文 人与社会——避免工作时被打扰 无
卷Ⅲ 说明文 人与社会——如何建立生物钟 有
2016 卷Ⅰ 说明文 人与社会——密码学 无
卷Ⅱ 说明文 人与自然——花园 有
卷Ⅲ 说明文 人与社会——购买和烹制鱼 无
阅读七选五的体裁主要以指导性说明文为主，间或考查记叙文，虽然近几年没有考查议论文，但对这种文体也不应该忽视，主题语境以人与社会为主，以人与自然和人与自我为辅。文章越来越趋向于不带标题和段落小标题，但文章大都结构清晰，基本都是总分结构。
2.高考阅读七选五的设题特点
阅读七选五是从一篇短文后的七个选项中选出五个能填入文章空处的最佳选项。选项主要有以下三种情况：一是主旨概括句，二是过渡性句子，三是注释性句子。
3.高考阅读七选五的考查重点
此题型主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。它拓宽了阅读理解能力考查的深度和广度，不仅考查考生句子层面的阅读理解能力，更从语篇层次上考查考生的语篇连贯能力，即考生的语感和语境领悟能力，把握作者思路的能力，以及对整个语篇或语段的衔接手段与连贯性的洞察力。
4.高考阅读七选五的备考启示 备考时要注意拓展题材和体裁；注意加强对不同文本的语篇知识的学习；注意叙述类文本、议论类文本的阅读。重视指导类说明文的同时，不放弃对介绍事物类说明文，记叙文和议论文的练习。
段首题
1.空格为主旨句
在某段第一句设空的内容通常是该段落主旨句，学生需要通过认真研读该段的内容，然后从选项中查找下文的同义词或其他相关词或句的方法，从而确定答案；有时则需反复读设空处后面一两句或更多内容，确定关键信息词，然后在各个选项中查找关联词和信息句。
1 2021年全国甲卷
Swap, Don’t Shop!
You keep hearing about recycling, right? But it doesn't end with bottles, cans, and
paper.
Clothing takes a huge amount of natural resources (资源) to make, and buying
loads of new clothing (or throwing out old clothing) is not healthy for the
environment. So what to do with all those perfectly good but you’re-maybe a little
sick of them clothes piled on your bedroom floor? 16. ____It's the best way to get rid
of your used clothes, score clothes from your friends, and have a party all at the same
time.
A successful swap depends on the selection of clothes, the organization of the
event, and, obviously, how much fun is had. It’s really easy to do! Here are a few
pointers.
●Invite 5-10 people so you have a nice selection. 17____, and there may not be
enough things to choose from; more than that, and it becomes uncontrollable.
第 二 三 四 部分
1
1
六年高考真题分类全解：
第一部分 语法知识（语法填空/短文改错）
第二部分 阅读理解（阅读四选一/阅读七选五）
第三部分 完形填空
第四部分 书面表达
第一部分 语法知识
一、数词
（一）基数词
(2017全国卷II 短文改错） They live far from the school, and it takes them about a hour and a
half to go to work every day.
答案与解析：a→an/one 因为hour的发音以元音音素开头，所以其前用an。此处也可用one表示数量“一”。
（二）序数词
1. (2019·全国卷II 短文改错）Then, when I was in the five grade, I wanted to be a teacher
because I liked my English teacher very/so much.
答案与解析：five→fifth “上五年级”有两种表达方式：in the fifth/5th grade或in Grade
5/Five。
2. (2017全国卷I 短文改错）In the summer holiday following my eighteen birthday, I took
driving lessons.
答案与解析：eighteen eighteenth eighteenth birthday “十八岁生日”，故此处用序数词。
3.（2015福建 短文填词）The (78) f________ thing I would say is that the way you begin the
conversation is very important. ... My second piece of....
北京卷（2015—2024）
01-2024北京
If you want to develop maximum credibility(可信性), is it better to be a hedgehog(刺猬)
or a fox? According to Isaiah Berlin, the hedgehog knows one thing very well, and the fox
knows a lot of things.
Is there a clear advantage of one style over the other? Hedgehog thinkers tend to answer
yes. 1 And they are usually very credible in doing so. According to Jim Hart, the
“hedgehog concept” is one of the factors that lead companies to greatness. They focus on
one thing and do it really well. They figure out what they are good at. 2 The
hedgehog concept makes perfect sense for companies.
3 Philip Tate has studied the track records of those folks on the Sunday talk
shows who make predictions about what will happen. He has found that hedgehogs are not
only wrong more often than foxes, but that they are less likely to recognise or admit that they
