英语专业八级考试翻译题2

  • 格式:doc
  • 大小:54.00 KB
  • 文档页数:10

1 英语专业八级考试翻译题2

①Opera is expensive: that much is inevitable. ②But expensive things are not

inevitably the province of the rich unless we abdicate society's power of choice. ③We can choose to make opera, and other expensive forms of culture, accessible to

those who cannot individually pay for it.④ The question is: why should we? ⑤Nobody denies the imperatives of food, shelter, defense, health and education.⑥

But even in a prehistoric cave, mankind stretched out a hand not just to eat, drink or

fight, but also to draw. ⑦The impulse towards culture, the desire to express and

explore the world through imagination and representation is fundamental. ⑧In

Europe, this desire has found fulfillment in the masterpieces of our music, art,

literature and theatre. ⑨These masterpieces are the touchstones for the possibilities

to which human thought and imagination may aspire; they carry the most profound

message that can be sent from one human to another.

参考译文

欣赏歌剧是一种奢侈的享受,你必须为此支付昂贵的票价。然而只要我们不放弃社会的选择权,昂贵的东西就不一定只有富人才能享受。如果愿意,我们完全可以使歌剧或其他昂贵的文化形式面向那些个人没有支付能力的普通大众。但问题是我们为什么要这么做?没有人会否认人类需要吃、住、防卫、健康以及接受教育。但是,即使是在史前时期的洞穴里,人们伸出手来不仅是为了吃饭、喝水或打仗,也可能是要去画画。对文化的向往,以及通过想象和表演来表达、探索世界是人类的基本愿望。在欧洲,这种愿望在我们的音乐、艺术和文学杰作里得到了体现。这些杰作是试金石,通过它们可以看出人类的思想和想像力可能达到的程度。它们所包含的最为深刻的思想可以广为传播。

译文分析与说明

这段文章所表达的思想深刻而又严谨,无论理解还是表达都不容易。它论述的主要意思是我们为什么要演歌剧。

原文第一句语言简练而含意深刻、丰富。此句中expensive怎么解释?是指歌剧的门票昂贵,一般人欣赏不起,还是说歌剧需要的投资很大?我们倾向于第一种理解。随后的两句,尤其是第二句We can choose to make opera and other

expensive forms of culture, accessible to those who cannot individually pay for it。容易使我们对第一句产生误解。即使我们准确地把握了这句话的“意思”,从字面译为“歌剧很贵,看一场歌剧免不了要花那么多钱”,仍是生硬晦涩的“翻译腔”。如果抛开原文的形式意译,原文简洁有力的风格很可能就荡然无存,第二句中的province的意思也值得好好推敲。根据Collins COBUILD English Dictionary

for Advanced Learners,这个 province应该是If you say that a subject or activity is

a particular person’s province,you mean that this person has a special interest in it,

a special knowledge of it, or a special responsibility for it.的意思来理解。如Arvo 2 avoided committing himself。I'm afraid that’s not my province,he replied.再如Industrial research is the province of the Department of Trade and Industry.也就是说只要我们的社会不放弃选择权,歌剧这样的东西就不一定只为富人上演,只有富人才看得起。根据这种理解,我们把are not inevitably the province of the rich译为“昂贵的东西就不一定只有富人才能享受”。有些考生对第三句的总体语境把握不准,把句子读断了,将make理解为“制作”,译为“让付不起钱的大众来制作戏剧或其他昂贵的文化形式”。实际上,第四句可以看做是这段文章中承前启后的一句,它提示了这段文章的主要意思,那就是我们为什么要演歌剧。第五句中的imperative意思是thing that is essential or urgent;同时eat, drink,shelter,health,education这几个词理解并不难,但表达起来却不容易。第六句中的impulse的意思是本能的“冲动”,如be seized with a sudden impulse to do

something,然而这句话似又不能译为“对文化的冲动”,我们根据上下文试译为“对文化的向往”,但并不是最好的译法。第六句中的theatre应作“dramatic

literature or art;the writing,acting and producing of plays”来理解。第七句中的aspire意为desire strongly to achieve something;have ambition for something;如They aspired to be gentlemen, though they fell far short of the ideal.同一句中的touchstone意为If you use one thing as a touchstone of another’ you

use it as a test or standard by which you judge the second thing.可以译为“试金石”,也可以引申为“检验标准”、“衡量尺度”。最后一句中的message根据Collins COBUILD English Dictionary for Advanced Learners的解释应该是The message that someone is trying to communicate,for example in a book or play,is the idea or point that they are trying to communicate的意思,如The report’s

message was unequivocal.再如 I no longer want to stay friendly with her but I

don’t know how to get the message across。所以„message that can be sent from

one human to another的大致意思是“可在人类彼此间相互传递。”为了使译文符合汉语的表达习惯,不至于太生硬、别扭,我们意译为“它们所包含的最为深刻的思想可以广为传播。”

翻译是一种复杂的智力活动,是一种艺术,但简单地说任何翻译的基本过程就是“理解”和“表达”,英译汉时理解要靠英语水平,表达要靠汉语水平,只有双语水平达到可以做翻译的程度,谈“翻译技巧”才有意义,才有用处。不少翻译教材和翻译课教师把“翻译技巧”分解得非常“精细”,但对多数学生来讲,关键的、根本的问题还在于基本功,也就是汉语和英语的理解、表达能力,以及对两种语言、文化异同的认识。

看歌剧需要很高的花费:这些开销是难以避免的。但是这些昂贵的花费难以避免的属于富人的圈子,除非我们放弃社会选择的权利。我们可以选择别的歌剧,以及一些其他文化形式,使得那些支付不起这种花费的人也可以接触得到,问题是为什么我们非要这样做呢?没有人可以否认人类对基本食物、住所、安全、健康和教育的需要。即使是在史前时期,人们伸出双手不仅仅是为了获取食物和水或是争斗,也是为了作画。这种对文化的冲动,这种表达自我、探索世界的渴望,即通过艺术想象和描述这种最基本形式,在欧洲,这种渴望已 3 经在音乐、文学和歌剧等艺术杰作里得以释放。这些杰作是我们所做努力的试金石,他们是用来预示人类的想像力和思想所激发的渴望的试金石。他们承载着人类交流所需要的意义颇深的信息。

上面是未经任何修改的学生译文,可以比较清楚地显示普遍存在的问题。应该说大多数句子的理解还是基本正确的,问题主要出现在表达上。很多句子(尤其是划线的几个句子)都不符合汉语的表达习惯,或多或少存在着生硬或欧化的问题。

If people mean anything at all by the expression " untimely death", they must

believe that some deaths run on a better schedule than others. Death in old age is

rarely called untimely—a long life is thought to be a full one. But with the passing

of a young person, one assumes that the best years lay ahead and the measure of that

life was still to be taken.

History denies this, of course. Among prominent summer deaths, one recalls those

of Marilyn Monroe and James Dean, whose lives seemed equally brief and complete.