动物细胞融合的流程
英文回答：
Animal Cell Fusion Process.
Animal cell fusion is a process in which two or more
animal cells merge to form a single, larger cell. This
process can occur naturally, as in the case of
fertilization, or it can be induced artificially, as in the
case of somatic cell fusion.
There are a number of different methods that can be
used to induce animal cell fusion. One common method is to
use a chemical fusogen, such as polyethylene glycol (PEG).
Fusogens work by disrupting the cell membranes of the two
cells, allowing them to fuse together.
Another method of inducing animal cell fusion is to use
an electrical field. When an electrical field is applied to
two cells, it can cause the cell membranes to fuse together.
Once two cells have fused, they will begin to exchange
The Cell 细胞
-INTRODUCTION 介绍
•Theory of endosymbiosis（内共生学说）
Eukaryotic cells emerged when mitochondria and chloroplasts, once
free-living prokaryotes, took up permanent resident inside other larger
cells, about one and a half million years ago.
-CELL THEORY 细胞学说
•Modern cell theory states:
1.All living things are composed of cells.
2.Cells are the basic unit of all organisms.
3.All cells arise from preexisting cells.
•Prokaryotes（原核细胞）
Have no nucleus or other internal membranes.
•Eukaryotes（真核细胞）
Have a nucleus and are more complex cells.
-HOW WE STUDY CELLS 我们怎样研究细胞
•Microscopes 显微镜
Antoine van Leeuwenhoek
The person who developed the first microscope in the seventeenth
century.
Robert Hooke
The person who made further modifications and advances.
I.Light microscopes(most stains kill cells)
五年级英语简单的分子生物学单选题50题
1.What is the smallest unit of life?
A.cell
B.molecule
C.atom
D.tissue
答案解析：A。细胞是生命的最小单位。分子由原子组成，原子不是生命的最小单位。组织是由细胞组成的，也不是最小单位。
2.Which of the following is NOT a biomolecule?
A.protein
B.sugar
C.water
D.DNA
答案解析：C。蛋白质、糖、DNA 都是生物分子，水不是生物分子。
3.What is the main function of DNA?
A.store energy
B.provide structure
C.carry oxygen
D.store genetic information
答案解析：D。DNA 的主要功能是存储遗传信息。存储能量不是
DNA 的功能。提供结构的主要是蛋白质等。携带氧气的是血红蛋白
等。
4.Proteins are made up of?
A.amino acids
B.sugars
C.fatty acids
D.nucleotides
答案解析：A。蛋白质是由氨基酸组成的。糖组成多糖等。脂肪酸组成脂肪。核苷酸组成 DNA 和 RNA。
5.What is the building block of carbohydrates?
A.sugars
B.amino acids
C.fatty acids
D.nucleotides
答案解析：A。碳水化合物的基本组成单位是糖。氨基酸组成蛋白质。脂肪酸组成脂肪。核苷酸组成 DNA 和 RNA。
6.Which biomolecule is used for energy storage?
A.protein
B.DNA
C.fat
D.carbohydrate
答案解析：C。脂肪是用于能量储存的生物分子。蛋白质主要用于组成身体结构等。DNA 存储遗传信息。碳水化合物也可以提供能
PROPIDIUM IODIDE STAINING OF DEAD CELLS FOR FLOW CYTOMETRY
Propidium iodide (PI) intercalates into double-stranded nucleic acids.
It is excluded by viable cells but can penetrate cell membranes of dying
or dead cells.
I. MATERIALS:
1. Propidium iodide (e.g., Cat #537059, Calbiochem, San Diego, CA)
2. Buffer: 1 X PBS (Ca2+ and Mg2+ free, e.g., Cat #9240, Irvine
Scientific, Santa Ana, CA)
+2% newborn calf serum (or 0.2% BSA)
+0.1% sodium azide
A) PI buffer:
Dissolve PI in buffer at a concentration of 1 microgram/ml. Keep the
solution tightly closed at 4¡ãC protected from light. Discard after
1 month.
B) PI stock buffer:
Dissolve PI in buffer at a concentration of 500 micrograms/ml. Keep
the solution tightly closed at 4¡ãC protected from light. We have kept
this solution for several months and did not observe loss in staining
