2004年高考试题上海卷英语试题

2001年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试上海英语试题第一卷（共110分）I. Listening comprehensionPart A Short ConversationsDirections: In Part A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers in you r paper, and decide which one is the best answer t o the question you have heard.1. A. In a library B. In a theatre C. In a cinema D. In a classroom2. A. 40 B. 30 C. 20 D. 103. A. take a long walk B. Take a good restC. Read a long storyD. Catch up with her work4. A. The woman B. The man C. The woman’s mother D. The baker5. A. Doctor and nurse B. Cashier and customer C. Dentist and patientD. Conductor and passenger6. A. 8:45 B. 9:00 C. 9:15 D. 9:307. A. A best writer B. A recent book C. A good sailor D. A new record8. A. He’s a carpenter B. He’s a doctor C. He’s an electricianD. He’s an editor9. A. Borrow a book B. Write a book C. Translate a bookD. Buy a book10.A. She’s not sure what’s happened to Geor ge.B. She doesn’t want to talk to George.C. George is always late for meetings.D. It’s difficult to understand George’s behavior.Part B Longer conversationsDirections: In Part B you will heat two longer conversations. After each conversation, you will be asked two questions. The conversations will be read twice, but the question will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers in your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 and 12 are based on the following conversation.11.A. The food in the West Lake is too expensive.B. Their own food will be cleaner.C. She wants more choices of food.D. They can have what they like.12.A. The scenery is more beautiful B. The place is nearerC. The transportation is freeD. The fields are betterQuestions 13 and 14 are based on the following conversation13. A. Mental problem B. Final examinationsC. Studrnt6s’ friendshipD. Time agreement14.A. He has never heard of them B. He doesn’t have the phone numberC. He can’t afford the timeD. He can’t afford the servicePart C PassagesDirections: In Part C, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passage. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers in your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 15 through 17 are based on the following passage.15. A. A special medical treatment B. a driving license without a bad recordC. an experience as a conductorD. five weeks’ driving at a training school16. A. She was strong enough to become a bus driverB. The men drivers are kind to her.C. She was able to see more clearly on a busD. She passed the test the first time she took it.17. A. Worthwhile B. Boring C. Dangerous D. Poorly paidQuestions 18 through 20 are based on the following passage.18. A. Its variety B. It s quality C. its price D. Its taste19. A. Inside the restaurant B. Outside the restaurantC. On the menuD. Not mentioned20. A. Coffee B. Beer C. Coke D. WineII Grammar (20 points)Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.21. A bullet hit the soldier and he was wounded in _____ leg.A. aB. oneC. theD. his22. Both teams were in hard training; ____ was willing to lose the game.A. eitherB. neitherC. anotherD. the other23. As a result of destroying the forests, a large _____ of desert_____ covered the land.A. number…. hasB. quantity…. hasC. number….h aveD. quantity….have24. The sunlight came in _____ the windows in the roof and lit up the whole room.A. throughB. acrossC. onD. over25. _____, I have never seen anyone who is as capable as John.A. As long as I have traveledB. Now that I have traveled so muchC. Much as I have traveledD. As I have traveled so much26. In recent years travel companies have succeeded in selling us the idea that the further we go ,________.A. our holiday will be betterB. our holiday will be the betterC. the better our holiday will beD. the better will our holiday be27. So difficult ______ it to live in an English-speaking country that I determined to learn Englishwell.A.I have feltB. have I feltC. I did feelD. did I feel28. Feeling the car stolen, _____________________.A. a policeman was asked to helpB. the area was searched thoroughlyC. it was looked for everywhereD. she hurried to a policeman for help29. Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears _____ everything.A. to tellB. to be toldC. to be tellingD. to have been told30. I don’t suppose anyone will volunteer, _______?A. do IB. don’t IC. will theyD. won’t they31. I really appreciate _____ to talk with you on this nice island.A.to have had timeB. having timeC. to have timeD. to having time32. In such dry weather, the flowers will have to be watered if they _____________>A. have survivedB. are to surviveC. would surviveD. will survive33. In fact, _____ is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match.A. thisB. thatC. thereD. it34. You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman _____ be so rude to a lady.A. mightB. needC. shouldD. would35. Information has been put forward ____ more middle school graduates will be admitted intouniversities.A. whileB. thatC. whenD. as36. As I know, there is ____ car in this neighborhood.A.no suchB. no aC. not suchD. no such a37. He’s got himself into a serious situation _______ he is likely to lose control over the plane.A.whereB. whichC. whileD. why38. The bell _____ the end of the period rang, ______ our heated discussion.A. indicating….interruptingB. indicated….interruptingC. indicating….interruptedD. indicated….interrupted39. Fishing is his favorite hobby, and __________________.A.he’d like to collect coins as wellB. he feel like collecting coins, tooC. to collect coins is also his hobbyD. collecting coins also gives him great pleasure40. What would have happened______, as far as the river bank?A. Bob had walked fartherB. if Bob should walk fartherC. had Bob walked fartherD. if Bob walked fartherIII. Vocabulary (10 points )Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C andD. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.41. Alice trusts you, only you can ___her to give up the foolish idea.A.suggestB. attractC. temptD. persuade42. Her brother ____ to leave her in the dark room alone when she disobeyed his order.A.declaredB. threatenedC. warnedD. exclaimed43. In the botanic garden we can find a(n) _____ of plants that rang from tall trees to small trees.A.speciesB. groupC. amountD. variety44. When climbing the hill John was knocked unconscious by an ________ rolling stone.A.untouchedB. unexpectedC. unfamiliarD. unbelievable45. Her son, to whom she was so ______, went abroad ten years ago.A. lovedB. caredC. devotedD. affected46. I don’t think Peter is too young to take care of the pet dog _________.A.correctlyB. properlyC. exactlyD. actively47. According to the new research gardening is a more ____ exercise for older women thanjogging or swimming.A. mentalB. physicalC. effectiveD. efficient48. ---- Can you shoot that bird at the top of the tree ?---- No, it’s out of ________ .A. rangeB. reachC. controlD. distance49. The lift of London is made up of many different _________.A. elementsB. sectionsC. materialsD. realities50. I’m planning to hold a party in the open air, but I can make no guarantees because it ____ theweather.A. links withB. depends onC. connects toD. decides onIV. Cloze Test (20 points)Directions: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A,B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.AThe 28-year-old had spent six years working night while she gained her university degree during the day. When she finally graduated she had her eye on a teaching (51) at a nearby primary school. With the help of her friends, she had an interview with the Head.“ I noticed a tiny hole in one of my stockings earlier,” she (52). “ I thought about changing them, but I knew I’d be late if I did. And by the time II got to the interview, (53) enormous. I walk ed in apologizing for not (54).” The would-be teacher didn’t get the job. In fact one of her friends told her that the (55) only comment was: “ If someone doesn’t take the time to present her best (56) at an interview, what kind of (57) is she going to be ?”First impressions are (58) ones. In other words, if you’ve viewed positively within the critical(关键的)first four minutes, the person you’ve met will (59) assume everything you do is positive. Leave the interview a bad impression, and often he will assume you have a lot of other unsatisfactory characters. Worse, he or she may not take the time to give you a second(60). Most employers believe that those who look as if they care about themselves will caremore about their jobs.51. A. profession B. position C. career D. occupation52. A. repeats B. reminds C. recalls D. responds53. A. I was B. he was C. it was D. they were54. A. looking at all B. looking at him C. looking round D. looking my best55. A. Head’s B. student’s C. friend’s D. would-be teacher’s56. A. figure B. image C. aspect D. shape57. A. person B. worker C. graduate D. teacher58. A. lasting B. remaining C. continuing D. persisting59.A. rarely B. occasionally C. probably D. certainly60. A. job B. thought C. chance D. questionBMany people find that regular physical activity gives them an unexpected benefit. They sleep better and wake up feeling more (61), in part due to increased amounts of deep sleep.Deep sleep may play a role in the body restoring(恢复) itself (62) , as opposed to REM( rapid eye movement) or dreaming sleep. Researchers have found that physical exercise , especially (63) in the afternoon or early evening , produces more (64) early in the night.(65) can also help you get a better night’s sleep in a number of indirect ways. The relaxation and tiredness (66) by exercise can improve sleep.Exercise encourages weight loss and also may (67) depression. Exercising later in the day can also help delay the (68) drop in your body’s temperature. The (69) of exercise are especially important for older people,(70) exercise has been shown to increase the amount of sleep senior adults get in a night and reduce the time it takes to fall asleep. But be sure you finish exercising at least 4 hours before bedtime--- working out later than that could leave you too excited to fall asleep easily.61. A. conscious B. peaceful C. effective D. refreshed62. A. physically B. mentally C. emotionally D. regularly63. A. made B. done C. functioned D. conducted64. A. night’s sleep B. dreaming sleep C. deep sl eep D. REM65. A. Exercise B. Dreams C. researchers D. Doctors66.A. recovered B. strengthened C. caused D. reduced67.A. increase B. relieve C. release D. arouse68. A. nighttime B. daytime C. dinnertime D. lifetime69.A. disadvantages B. benefits C .ways D .plays70. A. yet B. if C. when D. sinceV. Reading Comprehension (30 points)Directions: Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished sentences. For each of them there are four choices marked A, b, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AOne eveni ng after dinner,. Mr and Mrs Tisich called a family meeting. “ We’ve had to make a difficult decision, “ Mr Tisich announced. “You see, you mother has been offered a post as codirector of a television station in Chicago. Unfortunately, the station is not here. After thinking long and hard about it, we’ve concluded that the right decision is to move to Chicago.”Marc looked shocked, while his sister Rached breathlessly started asking when they’d be moving. “It’s surprising, but exciting!” She said Marc simply said, “We can’t go --- I can’t leave all my friends. I’d rather stay here and live with Tommy Lyons!”The Tisichs hoped that by the time they moved in August, Marc would grow more accustomed to the idea of leaving. However, he showed no signs of accepting the news, refusing to pack his belongings.When the morning of the move arrived, Marc was nowhere to be found. His parents called Tommy Lyons’s house, But Mrs Lyons said she hadn’t seen Marc. Mrs Tisich became increasing concerned, while her husband felt angry with their son for behaving so irresponsibly.What they didn’t know was that Marc started walking over to Tommy’s house, with a faint idea of hiding in the Lyon’s attic(阁楼) for a few days. But something happened on the way as Marc walked past all the familiar landscape of the neighborhood; the fence that he andhis mother painted, the tree that he and his sister used to climb, the park where he and his father often took evening walks together. How much would these mean without his family, who make them special in the first place? Marc didn’t take the time to answer that question but instead hurried to his house, wondering if there were any moving cartoons (纸板箱) the right size to hold his record collection.71. The conflict in this story was caused by _________.A.Marc and Rach’s different tempersB. a quarrel between Tommy Lyons and MarcC .Marc’s disagreement with his parents about their moveD. Mr and Mrs Tisich’s remark of Marc’s irresponsibility72. Marc and Rachel’s reactions to the move were similar in the way that they were ______>A. surprisedB. angry and upsetC. anxious for more detailsD. worried about packing73. The reason for Marc’s going home was that _______________.A. he did not want to be left behindB. he realized his family was essential to him.C. he hoped to reach an agreement with his parentsD. he hoped to be a more responsible person.74. What would most likely happen next ?A.Marc would bring his records over to the Lyons’s houseB.Mr and Mrs Tisich would call the police.C.Marc would join his family for house moving.D.Mr and Mrs Tisich would start searching for Marc.BAnswer the following questions by using the information taken from a dictionary page. (You may read the questions first)jaguar n. a type of large, yellow-colored cat with black markings found in the southwestern region of the US. and in Central and South America.jargon1.n.speech that does n’t make sense. 2. n. an unknown language that seems strange or impossible to understand. 3. n. a language made up of two or more other languages: His jargon was a mixture of French and English. 4. n. the special vocabulary of a field or profession: Her report on computers was field with jargon.jaunt1.n.a trip taken for fun 2. v.to go on a brief pleasant trip: We jaunted to the country last Saturday .javelin 1. n. a spear most commonly used as a weapon or in hunting 2. n. a light-weight metal or wooden spear that is thrown in track-and-field contests. 3.n.the contest in which a javelin is thrown. 4. v.to strike, as with a javelinjazz 1. n. a type of music that originated in New Orleans and is characterized by rhythmic beats. 2. n. popular dance music influenced by jazz 3. n. slang empty talk. 4. adj. of or like jazz: a jazz band, a jazz recordsjennet n. a small Spanish horse75. Which meaning of the word javelin is used in the sentence below?At the competition, Jack drew his arm back and threw the javelin 50 yards.A.Definition 1B. Definition 2C. Definition 3D. Definition 476. Which meaning of the word jargon is used in the sentence below?Doctors often speak in medical jargon.A.Definition 1B. definition 2C. Definition 3D. Definition 477. What does the word jazz mean in the following sentence ?Don’t give me that jazz, for I am a practical person.A. rhythmic beatsB. a type of musicC. a kind of danceD. meaningless talkCBritain’s oldest man made hi s first visit to London yesterday at the age of 110. Mr John Evans had never found the time or the money – to make the trip from his house near Swansea. But, when British Rail offered him an all-expenses-paid birthday trip to the capital , he just could not refuse.Until yesterday he had never been far from home, except for one trip to Aberdeen. Mr Evans, who spent 60 years working as a miner in South Wales , al most made the journey to London once before, at the turn of the century. “There was a trip to the White City but it was ten shillings(1 shilling =1/20 pound) return from Swansea –too much I thought. All my money went to the family then, “ he said.During the next two days Mr Evans will be taken on a whistle – stop tour of London to see the sights. Top of his list is a visit to the Houses of Parliament(国会).The only arrangement he does not care for is the wheelchair provided to move him about if he gets tired. “ I don’t like the chair business –people will so think I am getting old,” he said.His secret for a long and healthy life has been well publicized – no alcohol, no cigarette and no angry. Before setting off from Swansea with his 76-year-old son, Amwel , he quipped,“ I’m glad to see they’ve given me a return ticket. “78. It was reported that Mr Evans’s healthy long life was to a certain extent due to his _________.A.wine drinkingB. proper smokingC. mild temperD. sense of humor79. Which of the following statements is true?A. A single trip from Mr Evans’s house to the White City use d to be ten shillings.B.The first place for Mr Evans to visit is the Houses of Parliament.C.He appreciated people’s arrangement of a wheelchair during his visitD.Mr Evans once made the journey to London at the end of the century.80. The word “quip” in the last sentence most probably means________.A. to make a witty remarkB. to express a happy messageC. to make a wishD. to tell a joke81. What might be the best title for this passage?A. 110-year-old TouristB. Secret for Long and Healthy LifeC. Free Return TicketD. Sightseeing in LondonDWhen we walk through the city, we all experience a kind of information overload but we pay attention only to those that are important to us. we don’t stop, we keep our faces expressionless and eyes straight ahead, and in doing so, we are not just protecting ourselves but are avoiding overloading other people as well.We make use of stereotypes(刻板的模式) as convenient ways to make quick judgements about situations and people around us. They may not always be accurate, and they can often be dangerous wrong, but they are used regularly.The problem with the stereotypes is that they restrict experience. By using limited clues to provide us with a rapid opinion of other people or places we may choose to limit outcommunication. We may decide not to go to certain places because we believe they will not offer something we enjoy.In the city, styles of dress are particularly important with regard to self-presentation. Different groups often use clearly identifiable styles of clothes so that they can be easily recognized. It is becoming increasingly common for brand names to be placed on the outside of clothes , and this labeling makes it easy to send out information about fashion and price instantly, and lets others tell at a distance whether an individual has similar tastes and is a suitable person to associate with.In England, where social grouping or class continues to make social distinctions(区分), clothes hairstyles, people’s pronunciation and the number of speaking are all clues to our social group class distinction tend to be relatively fixed, although in the city where greater variety is permitted, they are more likely to be secondary determining factors of friendship and association.82. People walking in cities ignore the surroundings because _________.A. they do not wish to talk to other peopleB. everyone else is expressionlessC. the environment is already familiar to themD. there is too much information to take in83.According to the passage, the main disadvantage of using stereotypes is that they_________.A.are likely to lead us into dangerous situationB.may make us miss some pleasant experienceC.can rarely be relied onD. make us mentally lazy84. From the passage m\we may conclude that _____________.A.stereotypes can help to understand people fully.B.people are becoming more interested in fashionC.dressing can send messages about individualsD.stereotypes can do more harm than good to people85. It would appear that in England, a person’s class _______________.A.might be less important in making friends in a cityB.is mainly determined by his pronunciationC.plays less of a role than it did in the past.D.is something that can be changed easily2001年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试上海英语试题第二卷（共40分）I Translation (15 points)Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.我们的祖国从来没有像今天这样强大。

2024年上海春季高考英语试题Here is the English essay based on the given title, with a word count greater than 600 words, as requested:The 2024 Shanghai Spring College Entrance Examination in English was a comprehensive assessment that challenged students' proficiency in the language. The exam covered a wide range of topics, from reading comprehension and vocabulary to grammar and writing skills. The paper was divided into several sections, each designed to evaluate a specific aspect of the students' English abilities.The reading comprehension section tested the candidates' understanding of various types of texts, including passages from academic articles, news reports, and literary works. The questions required the test-takers to identify the main ideas, analyze the author's purpose, and draw logical inferences from the given information. This section not only assessed the students' reading skills but also their ability to think critically and apply their knowledge to real-world scenarios.The vocabulary section assessed the breadth and depth of thestudents' word knowledge. The questions ranged from identifying synonyms and antonyms to completing sentences with the appropriate vocabulary. This section was crucial in demonstrating the students' command of the English language and their ability to use the right words in the right context.The grammar section evaluated the candidates' understanding of English syntax and their ability to apply grammatical rules effectively. The questions tested the students' knowledge of sentence structure, verb tenses, subject-verb agreement, and other fundamental grammatical concepts. This section was designed to ensure that the students had a solid grasp of the rules that govern the English language.The writing section was perhaps the most challenging part of the exam. Students were required to compose an essay on a given prompt, which could be a personal experience, a social issue, or a response to a literary work. This section not only assessed the students' writing skills but also their ability to organize their thoughts, develop a coherent argument, and express their ideas clearly and effectively. The essay was evaluated based on criteria such as content, organization, language use, and overall quality.Throughout the exam, the students were expected to demonstrate their proficiency in all four language skills: reading, writing, listening,and speaking. The listening section, for instance, required the candidates to comprehend and respond to audio recordings of conversations, lectures, and news reports. The speaking section, on the other hand, assessed the students' ability to communicate their ideas fluently and accurately in English.The 2024 Shanghai Spring College Entrance Examination in English was a challenging but crucial test for the students seeking admission to the city's top universities. The exam's comprehensive nature ensured that the successful candidates not only possessed a strong command of the English language but also the critical thinking and problem-solving skills necessary for academic and professional success. The exam's high standards reflected the city's commitment to nurturing a new generation of global citizens who can navigate the increasingly interconnected world with confidence and competence.。

2014-2015年上海卷英语第I卷（共103分Directions:Afterreadingthepassagesbelow,fillintheblanksto makethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblan kswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegiv enword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.(A)MystayinNewYorkAftergraduationfromuniversity,Ihadbeenunabletosecure apermanentjobinmysmalltown.SoIdecidedtoleavehomeforNewYor k,(25)______Imighthaveabetterchancetofindagoodjob.(26)___ ___(earn)somemoneytopaythedailyexpenses,Istartedworkinalo calcaféasawaiter.Ibelievedthat(27)______Iwasofferedagood position,Iwouldresignatonce.Overtime,thehighcostoflivingbecamealittleburdenonmya lready(28)______(exhaust)shoulders.Ontheotherhand,mysearc hforarespectablejobhadnotmetwithmuchsuccess.AsIhadstudied literatureatuniversity,Ifounditquitedifficulttosecureasui tablejobinbigcompanies.Motherhadsaidthat(29)_____________ _____Iwantedtohaveabettercareeradvancement,Ihadtofindwork inthecity.Perhaps,(30)______mymotherhadtoldmewasdeeplyroo tedinmymind.Ijustdidasshehadexpected.SoonIhadlivedinthecityforoversixmonthsbutIstilldidno tlikeit.Apparently,Ihaddifficulty(31)______(adapt)myselft olifeinthecity,letalonefindingajobtomydelight.Afterninemo nthsoffrustration.Ieventuallydecidedtogobacktomysmalltown .NotuntilIreturned(32)______Irealisethataquiettownlifewas thebestforme.(B)Thegiantvendingmachine（自动售货机）isanewvillageshop Villagershavelongbeenusedtofacingadrivewhentheyrunou tofbasicsupplies.However,helpisnownearerathandintheformof thecountry'sfirstautomaticpush-buttonshop.Nowresidentsint heDerbyshirevillageofCliftoncanbuygroceriesaroundtheclock afterthehugevendingwasinstalledoutsideapubinthevillagethi sweek.PeterFox,whois(33)______electricalengineer,spenttwoa ndahalfyearsworkingontheproject.Themachine(34)______(equi p)withsecuritycamerasandalarms,andlookslikeaminishopwitha brickfront,agreyroofandadisplaywindow.Mr.Foxsaidhehopedhisinvention,(35)______issettobeins talledinothervillagesintheareaoverthecomingmonths,willmar kareturntoconvenienceshoppingforruralcommunities.Hesaid:"IhadthisideaafewyearsagobutIcouldn'tfindaman ufacturerwhocoulddeliverwhatIwanted,soIdiditby(36)______. Theresultiswhatamountstoahugeoutdoorvendingmachine.YetIth inkthetermautomaticshopisfar(37)______(appropriate)."Inrecentyears,thecommercialpressurefromsupermarketch ains(38)______(force)villageshopsacrossthecountrytoclose. In2010,itwasestimatedthatabout400villageshopsclosed,(39)_ _____(urge)thelocalgovernmenttogivefinancialsupporttostru gglingshopsorset-upnewcommunitystores.Hundredsofcommunitieshavesincesteppedinandopenedupth eirownvolunteer-runshops,butMr.Foxhopeshisnewinventionwil lofferasolution(40)______thosevillageswithoutalocalshop. SectionBDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinth ebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmore thanyouneed.A.alertB.classifymitD.delicatelyE.gentleF.imposebelsH.moderationI.relieveJ.signalsK.simplyLet'ssayyou'vedecidedyouwanttoeatmorehealthfully.How ever,youdon'thavetimetocarefullyplanmenusformealsorreadfo od_41_atthesupermarket.Sinceyoureally_42_yourselftoahealt hierlifestyle,alittlehelpwouldcomeinhandy,wouldn'tit?This iswherea"choicearchitect"canhelp_43_someoftheburdenofdoin gitallyourself.Choicearchitectsarepeoplewhoorganizethecon textsinwhichcustomersmakedecisions.Forexample,thepersonwh odecidesthelayoutofyourlocalsupermarket-includingwhichshe lfthepeanutbuttergoeson,andhowtheorangesarepiledup—isach oicearchitect.Governmentsdon'thaveto_44_healthierlifestylesthrough lawsforexample,smokingbans.Rather,ifgivenanenvironmentcre atedbyachoicearchitect-onethatencouragesustochoosewhatisb est-wewilldotherightthings.Inotherwords,therewillbedesign sthatgentlypushcustomerstowardmakinghealthierchoices,with outremovingfreedomofchoice.Thisideacombinesfreedomtochoos ewith_45_hintsfromchoicearchitects,whoaimtohelppeoplelive longer,healthier,andhappierlives.TheBritishandSwedishgovernmentshaveintroducedaso-cal led"trafficlightsystem"to_46_foodsashealthyorunhealthy.Th ismeansthatcustomerscanseeataglancehowmuchfat,sugar,andsa lteachproductcontains_47_bylookingatthelightsonthepackage .Agreenlight_48_thattheamountsofthethreenutrientsarehealt hy;yellowindicatesthatthecustomershouldbe_49_;andredmeans thatthefoodishighinatleastoneofthethreenutrientsandshould beeatenin_50_.Thecustomerisgivenimportanthealthinformatio n,butisstillfreetodecidewhattochoose.III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:Foreachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourw ordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordor phrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Researchhasshownthattwo-thirdsofhumanconversationist akenupnotwithdiscussionoftheculturalorpoliticalproblemsof theday,notheateddebatesaboutfilmswe'vejustwatchedorbooksw e'vejustfinishedreading,butplainandsimple_51_. Languageisourgreatesttreasureasaspecies,andwhatdowe_52_do withit?Wegossip.Aboutothers'behaviourandprivatelives,such aswho'sdoingwhatwithwhom,who'sinandwho'sout-andwhy;howtod ealwithdifficult_53_situationsinvolvingchildren,lovers,an dcolleagues.Sowhyarewekeenongossiping?Arewejustnatural_54_，ofbothtimeandwords?Ordowetalkalotaboutnothinginparticular simplytoavoidfacinguptothereallyimportantissuesoflife?It' snotthecaseaccordingtoProfessorRobinDunbar.Infact,inhisla testbook,Grooming,GossipandtheEvolutionofLanguage,thepsyc hologistsaysgossipisoneofthesereally_55_issues.Dunbar_56_thetraditionalviewthatlanguagewasdeveloped bythemenattheearlystageofsocialdevelopmentinordertoorgani zetheirmanlyhuntingactivitiesmoreeffectively,oreventoprom otetheexchangeofpoeticstoriesabouttheiroriginsandthesuper natural.Insteadhesuggeststhatlanguageevolvedamongwomen.We don'tspendtwo-thirdsofourtimegossipingjustbecausewecantal k,arguesDunbar—_57_,hegoesontosay,languageevolvedspecifi callytoallowustogossip. Dunbararrivedathischeerytheorybystudyingthe_58_ofthehighe r primates（灵长类动物）likemonkeys.Bymeansofgrooming--cleaningthefurbybrushingit ,monkeysformgroupswithotherindividualsonwhomtheycanrelyfo rsupportintheeventofsomekindofconflictwithinthegroupor_59 _fromoutsideit. Aswehumanbeingsevolvefromaparticularbranchoftheprimatefam ily,Dunbar_60_thatatonetimeinourhistorywedidmuchthesame.G roupingtogethermadesensebecausethebiggerthegroup,thegreat erthe_61_itprovided;ontheotherhand,thebiggerthegroup,theg reaterthestressesoflivingclosetoothers.Groominghelpedto_6 2_thepressureandcalmeverybodydown. Butasthegroupsgotbiggerandbigger,theamountoftimespentingr oomingactivitiesalsohadtobe_63_tomaintainitseffectiveness .Clearly,amore_64_kindofgroomingwasneeded,andthuslanguage evolvedasakindof vocal（有声的）groomingwhichallowedhumanstodeveloprelationshipwithever-l argergroupsbyexchanginginformationoverawidernetworkofindi vidualsthanwouldbepossiblebyone-to-one_65_contact. 51.A.claim B.description C.gossip nguage52.A.occasionally B.habitually C.independentlyD.originally53.A.social B.political C.historical D.cultural54.A.admirers B.masters ers D.wasters55.A.vitalB.sensitive C.ideal D.difficult56.A.confirms B.rejects C.outlines D.broadens57.A.forinstance B.inaddition C.onthecontraryD.asaresult58.A.motivationB.appearance C.emotion D.behaviour59.A.attackB.contact C.inspection D.assistance60.A.recalls B.denies C.concludes D.confesses61.A.prospectB.responsibility C.leadershipD.protection62.A.measure B.show C.maintain D.ease63.A.saved B.extended C.consumed D.gainedmon B.efficient C.scientific D.thoughtful65.A.indirect B.daily C.physical D.secretSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfol lowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofth emtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfits bestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejust read.(A).Mostpeopleagreethathonestyisagoodthing.ButdoesMotherNatureagree?Animalscan'ttalk,butcantheylieinotherways?C antheyliewiththeirbodiesandbehavior?A nimalexpertsmaynotcallitlying,butthey doagreethatmanyanimals,frombirdstochimpanzees,behavedishonestlytofoolotheranimals.Why?Dishonestyoftenhelpsthemsurvive.Manykindsofbirdsareverysuccessfulatfoolingotheranima ls.Forexample,abirdcalledtheploversometimespretendstobehu rtinordertoprotectitsyoung.Whena predator（猎食动物）getsclosetoitsnest,theploverleadsthepredatorawayfromthene st.How?Itpretendstohaveabrokenwing.Thepredatorfollowsthe" hurt"adult,leavingthebabybirdssafeinthenest.Anotherkindofbird,thescrubjay,buriesitsfoodsoitalway shassomethingtoeat.Scrubjaysarealsothieves.Theywatchwhere othersburytheirfoodandstealit.Butcleverscrubjaysseemtokno wwhenathiefiswatchingthem.Sotheygobacklater,unburythefood ,andburyitagainsomewhereelse.Birdscalledcuckooshavefoundawaytohavebabieswithoutdoingmuchwork.How?Theydon'tmakenests.Instead,theygetintootherbirds'nestssecretly.Thentheylaytheireggsandflyaway.When thebabybirdscomeout,theiradoptiveparentsfeedthem.Chimpanzees,orchimps,canalsobesneaky.Afterafight,the losingchimpwillgiveitshandtotheother.Whenthewinningchimpp utsoutitshand,too,thechimpsarefriendlyagain.Butananimalex pertoncesawalosingchimptakethewinner'shandandstartfightin gagain.Chimpsaresneakyinotherways,too.Whenchimpsfindfoodtha ttheylove,suchasbananas,itisnaturalforthemtocryout.Thenot herchimpscomerunning.Butsomecleverchimpslearntocryverysof tlywhentheyfindfood.Thatway,otherchimpsdon'thearthem,andt heydon'tneedtosharetheirfood.Aschildren,manyofuslearnthesaying"Youcan'tfoolMother Nature."Butmaybeyoucan'ttrusther,either.66.Aploverprotectsitsyoungfromapredatorby___________.A.gettingclosertoitsyoungB.drivingawaytheadultpredatorC.leavingitsyounginanothernestD.pretendingtobeinjured67.By"Chimpanzees,orchimps,canalsobesneaky"(paragraph5),t heauthormeans_______.A.chimpsarereadytoattackothersB.chimpsaresometimesdishonestC.chimpsarejealousofthewinnersD.chimpscanbeselfishtoo68.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Somechimpslowertheircry tokeepfoodawayfromothers.B.Thelosingchimpwonthefightbytakingthewinner'shand.C.Cuckoosfooltheiradoptiv eparentsbymakingnonests.D.Somecleverscrubjaysoftenstealtheirfoodback.69.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.Doanimalslie?B.DoesMotherNaturefoolanimals?C.Howdoanimalslearntolie?D.Howdoeshonestyhelpanimalssurvive?（B）Let'ssayyouwanttohitthegymmoreregularlythisyear.Howdoyoum akethathappen?Considerputtingthehabitlooptouse.Here'showitworks:Ahabitisa3-stepprocess.First,there'sacue,somethingthattel lsyourbraintooperateautomatically.Thenthere'saroutine.And finally,areward,whichhelpsyourbrainlearntodesirethebehavi or.It'swhatyoucanusetocreate-orbreak-habitsofyourown.Here'showtoapplyit:Chooseacue,likeleavingyourrunningshoesbythedoor,thenpick. areward-say,apieceofchocolatewhenyougethomefromthegym.Tha tway,thecueandtherewardbecomeinterconnected.Finally,wheny ouseetheshoes,yourbrainwillstartlongingforthereward,which willmakeiteasiertoworkoutdayafterday.Thebestpart?Inacoupl eofweeks,youwon'tneedthechocolateatall.Yourbrainwillcomet oseetheworkoutitselfasthereward.Whichisthewholepoint,righ t?70.Whichofthefollowingbestfitsintheboxwitha“?”inTHEHABI TLOOP?A.Pickanewcue.B.Formanewhabit.C.Chooseanewreward.D.Designanewresolution.71.AccordingtoTHEHABITLOOP,youcansticktoyourplanmosteffec tivelyby______.A.changingtheroutineB.tryingitforaweekC.adjustingyourgoalD.writingitdown72.What'sthepurposeofputtingthehabitlooptouse?A.Totestoutdifferentkindsofcues.B.Todosomethingasahabitevenwithoutrewards.C.ToworkoutthebestNewYear'sresolution.D.Tomotivateyourselfwithsatisfactoryrewards.73."ThisyearwhenIseethe HarryPotter poster,Iwillread30pagesofanEnglishnoveloranEnglishnewspaperinordertowatchTVforhalfanhour."Whatisthecueinthisresolution?A.The HarryPotter poster.B.Reading30pagesofanEnglishnovel.C.AnEnglishnewspaper.D.WatchingTVforhalfanhour.(C)Ifyoucouldbeanybodyintheworld,whowoulditbe?Yourneighbouro rasuperstar?Afewpeoplehaveexperiencedwhatitmightbeliketos tepintotheskinofanotherperson,thankstoanunusual virtualrea lity（虚拟现实）device.RikkeWahl,anactress,modelandartist,wasoneofthepart icipantsinabody swapping experimentattheBeAnotherlab,aproje ctdevelopedbyagroupofartistsbasedinBarcelona.Sheswappedwi thherpartner,anactor,usingamachinecalledTheMachinetoBeAno therandtemporarilybecameaman."AsIlookeddown,Isawmywholebo dyasaman,dressedinmypartner'spants,"shesaid."That'sthepic tureIrememberbest."Theset-upisrelativelysimple.Bothuserswearavirtualrea lityheadsetwithacameraonthetop.Thevideofromeachcameraisse nttotheotherperson,sowhatyouseeistheexactviewofyourpartne r.Ifshemovesherarm,youseeit.Ifyoumoveyourarm,sheseesit.Togetusedtoseeinganotherperson'sbodywithoutactuallyh avingcontrolofit,participantsstartbyraisingtheirarmsandle gsveryslowly,sothattheothercanfollowalong.Eventually,this kindofslow synchronised（同步的）movementbecomescomfortable,andparticipantsreallystarttofe elasthoughtheyarelivinginanotherperson'sbody. Usingsuchtechnologypromisestoalterpeople'sbehaviourafterw ards-potentiallyforthebetter.Studieshaveshownthatvirtualr ealitycanbeeffectiveinfightingracism-the bias（偏见）thathumanshaveagainstthosewhodon'tlookorsoundlikethem.Res earchersattheUniversityofBarcelonagavepeopleaquestionnair ecalledtheImplicitAssociationTest,whichmeasuresthestrengt hofpeople'sassociationsbetween,forinstance,blackpeopleand adjectivessuchasgood,bad,athleticorawkward.Thentheyaskedt hemtocontrolthebodyofadarkskinneddigitalcharacterusingvir tualrealityglasses,beforetakingthetestagain.Thistime,thep articipants'biasscoreswerelower.Theideaisthatonceyou've"p utyourselfinanother'sshoes"you'relesslikelytothinkillofth em,becauseyourbrainhasinternalisedthefeelingofbeingthatpe rson. ThecreatorsofTheMachinetoBeAnotherhopetoachieveasimilarre sult."Attheendofbodyswapping,peoplefeellikeholdingeachoth erintheirarms,"saysArthurPointeau,aprogrammerwiththeproje ct."It'sareallynicewaytohavethiskindofexperience.Iwouldre ally,reallyrecommendittoeveryone."74.Theword"swapping"(paragraph1)isclosestinmeaningto_____ ____.A.buildingB.exchangingC.controllingD.transplanting 75.WecaninferfromtheexperimentattheBeAnotherlabthat______ ______.A.ourfeelingsarerelatedtoourbodilyexperienceB.wecanlearntotakecontrolofotherpeople'sbodiesC.participantswilllivemorepassionatelyaftertheexperi mentD.TheMachinetoBeAnothercanhelppeoplechangetheirsexes76.IntheImplicitAssociationTest,beforetheparticipantsusedvirtualrealityglassestocontroladarkskinneddigitalchara cter,__________.A.theyfoughtstronglyagainstracismB.theyscoredloweronthetestforracismC.theychangedtheirbehaviourdramaticallyD.theyweremorebiasedagainstthoseunlikethem77.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat_________.A.technologyhelpspeoplerealizetheirdreamsB.ourbiasescouldbeeliminatedthroughexperimentsC.virtualrealityhelpspromoteunderstandingamongpeopleD.ourpointsofviewaboutothersneedchangingconstantly SectionCDirections:Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestions orcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.Moreandmorecorporationsaretakinganinterestincorporat esocialresponsibility(CSR).CSRismadeupofthreebroadlayers. paniesty picallyspendabout1%ofpre-taxprofitsonworthyprojects.Butma nyfeelthatsimplywritingchequestocharitiesisnolongerenough .Insomecompanies,shareholderswanttoknowthattheirmoneyisbe ingputtogooduse,andemployeeswanttobeactivelyinvolvedingoo dworks. Moneyaloneisnottheanswerwhencompaniescomeunderattackforth eirbehavior.HencethesecondlayerofCSR,whichisabranchofrisk management.Startinginthe1980s,withenvironmentaldisasterss uchastheexplosionatBhopalandtheExxonValdezoilspill,indust ryafterindustryhassufferedblowstoitsreputation.So,companiesoftenrespondedbytryingtomanagetherisks.Theyta lktonon-governmentalorganisations(NGOs)andtogovernments,c reate codesofconduct（行为准则)anddevotethemselvestomore transparency（透明）intheiroperations.Increasingly,too.they,alongwiththeircom petitors,setcommonrulestospreadrisks. Allthisislargelydefensive,buttherearealsoopportunitiesfor thosethatgetaheadofthegame.Theemphasisonopportunityisthet hirdlayerofCSR:theideathatitcanhelptocreatevalue.Ifapproa chedinastrategicway,CSRcouldbecomepartofacompany'scompeti tiveadvantage.Thatisjustthesortofthingchiefexecutivesliketohear.Theideaof"doingwellbydoinggood"hasbecomepopular. Nevertheless,thebusinessoftryingtobegoodisbringingdifficu ltquestionstoexecutives.CanyoumeasureCSRperformance?Shoul dyoubecooperatingwithNGOsandyou’reyourcompeti tors?Isther eanyreallycompetitiveadvantagetobehadfromagreenstrategy? Corporatesocialresponsibilityisnowseenasamainstream.Bigco mpanieswanttotelltheworldabouttheirgoodcitizenshipwiththe irdevotiontosocialresponsibilities.Donebadly,CSRisoftenju stwindow-dressingandcanbepositivelyharmful.Donewell,thoug h,itisnotsomeseparateactivitythatcompaniesdoontheside,aco rnerofcorporatelifereservedforvirtue（美德）：itisjust goodbusiness.(Note:Answerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsin NOMORETH ANTENWORDS)78.Both_________insomecompaniesfinditnolongerenoughtosimp lydonatemoneytocharities.79.Giveoneexampleofthedefensivemeasuresofriskmanagementac cordingtothepassage.80.Withtheemphasisonopportunity,thethirdlayerofCSRismeant to_________.81.Accordingtothepassage,"goodbusiness"(paragraph6)meanst hatcorporations________whilemakingprofits.第II卷（共47分）I.TranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usin gthewordsgiveninthebrackets.1.我习惯睡前听点轻音乐。

2012年高考英语试题（上海卷）第1卷（共105分）I . Listening ComprehensionII. Grammar and VocabularySection ASection BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. maintainedB. seriousC. indicationsD. figuresE. anxiousF. concern G crisis H. decided I. available J. reversedFilmgoers should be told how many calories there are in the popcorn, ice cream and soft drinks that they buy in cinemas, according to the Food Standard Agency.Smaller popcorn buckets and drink cups should also be made 41 , the nutrition inspector said.Tim Smith, chief executive of the agency, told The 77mes that cinemas should help to deal with the country's overweight 42 ."There is a misbelief that popcorn is calorie-free, but that is not the case. It is a 43 to us," he said. "Portion sizes are also a big issue, and there seems to be increasingly big packs on sale."He spoke as a number of food chains such as Pret A Manger, Wimpey and The Real Greek 44 to put calorie counts on all their menus.A trial scheme（试行方案）with 21 food companies took place last summer, and 45 are that consumers altered their buying habits when they realised the number of calories in a product.A consultation(征询意见) on the trial ends next month but Mr Smith is already planning the second drive for American-style calorie counts and is 46 to win support from cinemas and other entertainment places, from football grounds to concert halls.Government 47 suggest that two thirds of adults and a third of children are overweight. If trends are not 48 , this could rise to almost nine in ten adults and two thirds of children by 2050, putting them at 49 risk of heart disease, cancer and other diseases.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fillin each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.People on a college campus were more likely to give money to the March of Dimes if they were asked for a donation by a disabled woman in a wheelchair than if asked by a nondisabled woman. In another 50 , subway riders in New York saw a man carrying a stick stumble（绊脚）and fall to the floor. Sometimes the victim had a large red birthmark on his 51 ; sometimes he did not. In this situation, the victim was more likely t0 52 aid if his face was spotless than if he had an unattractive birthmark. In 53 these and other research findings,two themes are 54 : we are more willing to help people we like for some reason and people we think _ 55 _ assistance.In some situations, those who are physically attractive are more likely to receive aid. 56 , in a field study researchers placed a completed application to graduate school in a telephone box at the airport. The application was ready to be 57 , but had apparently been "lost" . The photo attached to the application was sometimes that of a very 58 person and sometimes that of a less attractive person. The measure of helping was whether the individual who found the envelope actually mailed it or not. Results showed that people were more likely to 59 the application if the person in the photo was physically attractive.The degree of _ 60 between the potential helper and the person in need is also important.For example, people are more likely to help a stranger who is from the same country rather than a foreigner. In one study, shoppers on a busy street in Scotland were more likely to help a person wearing a(n) 61 T-shirt than a person wearing a T-shirt printed with offensive words.Whether a person receives help depends in part on the "worth" of the case. For example,shoppers in a supermarket were more likely to give someone . 62 _ to buy milk rather than to buy cookies, probably because milk is thought more essential for 63 than cookies.Passengers on a New York subway were more likely to help a man who fell to the ground if he appeared to be 64 rather than drunk.50. A.study B.way C.word D.college51. A. hand B. arm C. face D. back52. A.refuse B.beg C.lose D.receive53. A. challenging B. recording C. understanding D. publishing54. A.important B. possible C. amusing D. missing55. A.seek B.deserve C.obtain D.accept56. A. At first B. Above all C. In addition D. For example57. A.printed B.mailed C.rewritten D.signed58. A. talented B. good-looking C. helpful D. hard-working59. A. send in B. throw away C. fill out D. turn down60. A. similarity B. friendship C. cooperation D. contact61. A.expensive B.plain C.cheap D.strange62. A.time B.instructions C.money D.chances63. A. shoppers B. research C. children D. health64. A. talkative B. handsome C. calm D. sickSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Phil White has just returned from an 18,OOO-mile, around-the-world bicycle trip. White had two reasons for making this epic journey. First of all, he wanted to use the trip to raise money for charity, which he did. He raised ~70,000 for the British charity, Oxfam. White's second reason for making the trip was to break the world record and become the fastest person to cycle around the world. He is still waiting to find out if he has broken the record or not.White set off from Trafalgar Square, in London, on 19th June 2004 and was back 299 days later. He spent more than l,300 hours in the saddle（车座）and destroyed four sets of tyres and three bikechains. He had the adventure of his life crossing Europe, the Middle East, India, Asia, Australia, New Zealand and the Americas. Amazingly, he did all of this with absolutely no support team. No jeep carrying food, water and medicine. No doctor. Nothing! Just a bike and a very, very long road.The journey was lonely and desperate at times. He also had to fight his way across deserts, through jungles and over mountains. He cycled through heavy rains and temperatures of up t0 45 degrees, all to help people in need. There were other dangers along the road. In Iran, he was chased by armed robbers and was lucky to escape with his life and the little money he had. The worst thing that happened to him was having to cycle into a headwind on a road that crosses the south of Australia. For l,000 kilometres he battled against the wind that was constantly pushing him. This part of the trip was slow, hard work and depressing, but he made it in the end. Now Mr.White is back and intends to write a book about his adventures.65. When Phil White returned from his trip, he _.A. broke the world recordB. collected money for OxfamC. destroyed several bikesD. travelled about l,300 hours66. What does the word "epic" in Paragraph l most probably mean?A. Very slow but exciting.B. Very long and difficult.C. Very smooth but tiring.D. Very lonely and depressing.67. During his journey around the world, Phil White _ .A. fought heroically against robbers in IranB. experienced the extremes of heat and coldC. managed to ride against the wind in AustraliaD. had a team of people who travelled with him68. Which of the following words can best describe Phil White?A. Imaginative.B. Patriotic.C. Modest.D. Determined.(B)The value-packed, all-inclusivesight-seeing package thatcombines the best of Sydney'sharbour, city, bay and beachhighlights.A SydneyPass gives you unlimited and flexible travel on the Explorer Buses: the 'red' Sydney Explorer shows you around our exciting city sights wlrile the 'blue' Bondi Explorer visits Sydney Harbour bays and famous beaches. Take to the water on one of three magnificent daily harbour cru/ses(游船). You can also travel free on regular Sydney Buses,Sydney Ferries or CityRail services (limited area), so you can go to every corner of this beautiful city.Imagine browsing at Darling Harbour, sampling the famous seafood at Watsons Bay or enjoying the city lights on an evening ferry cruise. The possibilities and plans are endless with a SydneyPass. Wherever you decide to go, remember that bookings are not required on any of our services so tickets are treated on a first in, first seated basis.SydneyPasses are avai-lable for 3, 5 0r 7 days for use over a 7 calendar day period. With a 3 or 5 day pass you choose on which days out of the 7 you want to use it. All SydneyPasses include a free Airport Express inward trip before starting your 3, 5 0r 7 days, and Lhe return trip is valid (育效的)for 2 months from the first day your ticket was used.SydneyPass Fares*A child is defined as anyone from the ages of 4 years to under ~6 ye rs. Children under 4 years travel free.**A family is defined as 2 adults and any number of children from 4 to under 16 years of age from the same family.69. A SydneyPass doesn7t offer unlimited rides onA. the Explorer BusesB. the harbour cruisesC. regular Sydney BusesD. CityRail services70. With a SydneyPass, a traveller can _.A. save fares from and to the airportB. take the Sydney Explorer to beachesC. enjoy the famous seafood for freeD. reserve seats easily in a restaurant71. If 5-day tickets were to be recommended to a mother who travelled with her colleague andher children, aged 3, 6 and 10, what would the lowest cost be?A. $225.B. $300.C. $360.D. $420.(C)Researchers in the psychology department at the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) have discovered a major difference in the way men and women respond to stress. This difference may explain why men are more likely to suffer from stress-related disorders.Until now, psychological research has maintained that both men and women have the same "fight-or-flight" reaction to stress. In other words, individuals eicher react with aggressive behavior, such as verbal or physical conflict ("fight"), or they react by withdrawing from the stressful situation ("flight"). However, the UCLA research team found that men and women have quite different biological and behavioral responses to stress. While men often react to stress in the fight-or-flight response, women often have another kind of reaction which could be called "tend and befriend." That is, they often react to stressful conditions by protecting and nurturing their young ("tend"), and by looking for social contact and support from others - especially other females 《'befriend").Scientists have long known that in the fight-or- flight reaction to stress, an important role is played by certain hormones(澈素) released by the body. The UCLA research team suggests that the female tend-or-befriend response is also based on a hormone. This hormone, called oxytocin,has been studied in the context of cFuldbirt.h, but now it is being studied for its role in the response of both men and women to stress. The principal investigator, Dr. Shelley E. Taylor,explained that "animals and people with high levels of oxytocin are calmer, more relaxed, more social, and lessanxious." While men also secrete【分泌）oxytocin, its effects are reduced by male hormones.In terms of everyday behavior, the UCLA study found that women are far. more likely than men to seek social contact when they are feeling stressed. They may phone relatives or friends, or ask directions if they are lost.The study also showed how fathers and mothers responded differently when they came home to their family after a stressful day at work. The typical father wanted to be left alone to enjoy some peace and quiet. For a typical mother, coping with a bad day at work meant focusing her attention on her children and their needs.The differences in responding to stress may explain the fact that women have lower frequency of stress-related disorders such as high blood pressure or aggressive behavior. The tend-and-befriend regulatory(调节的) system may protect women against stress, and this may explain why women on average live longer than men.72. The UCLA study shows that in response to stress, men are more likely than women to .A. turn to friends for helpB. solve a conflict calmlyC. find an escape from realityD. seek comfort from children73. Which of the following is true about oxytocin according to the passage?A. Men have the same level of oxytocin as women do.B. Oxytocin used to be studied in both men and women.C. Both animals and people have high levels of oxytocin.D. Oxytocin has more of an effect on women than on men.74. What can be learned from the passage?A. Male hormones help build up the body's resistance to stress.B. In a family a mother cares more about children than a father does.C. Biological differences lead to different behavioral responses to stress.D. The UCLA study was designed to confirm previous research findings.75. Which of the following might be the best ti.tle of the passage?A. How men and women get over stressB. How men and women suffer from stressC. How researchers overcome stress problemsD. How researchers handle stress-related disordersSection CDirections: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A-F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need.A. When a child should learn to readB. Why it is fun to teach a child readingC. What if a child has reading problemsD. How you prepare a young child for readingE. What is the best way to teach a child readingF. Whether reading early promises later achievements76.Learning to read early has become one of those indicators - in parents' minds at least – that theirchild is smart. In fact, reading early has very little to do with whether a child is successful academically. Research has shown that difficulty with reading is often due not to inferior intelligence but to differences in the developmental wiring of each individual child. In some cases, there are neurological problems and developmental lags that can be overcome with proper training.77.Traditionally, American schools teach children at age six, but many schools begin teaching informally in kindergarten and pre-kindergarten. If parents start too early to encourage reading,and a child does not immediately succeed, the parent has a hard time relaxing and letting the child go at his or her own pace.78.Over the years, research has proved that the use of both the e&whole language" method and the "phonic" method works best for a child to master reading. While the whole language approach, which includes reading to children and getting them interested in both the activity of reading and the story they are reading, is helpful, phonics must be taught. Children must be taught that one of the squiggles they see is a "p" and another a "b". Getting the print off the page requires a different ability than being able to understand the meaning of what is written.79.You can start developing the skills needed in reading at a very young age without putting any pressure on children. Besides reading to them, parents can start "ear training" their child by playing thyme games. This develops the child's ability to recognize different sounds. In reading to children, parents also can point to words as they go, teaching the child that the funny lines on the page are the words you are saying. All this should be a fun activity.80.Once a child is in school, the learning of reading is inevitably more serious. For children who have some kind of reading difficulty, you must get a professional diagnosis. While the teacher might say the child is merely disinterested but will get over it, disinterest or poor performance in reading can stem from a number of things, some being very specific learning disabilities that can be identified and worked on. But it is very tricky for parents to deal with their own child's learning disabilities.Section DDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.While contact between adolescents (between the ages of fifteen and nineteen) and their peers crd龄人) is a universal characteristic of all cultures, the nature and the degree of such contact vary a great deal. In American contemporary society, adolescents spend much more time with their peers than with younger children or adults.This pattern of age segregation(隔离) in American society did not become usual until the beginning of the industrialized society. Changes in the workplace separated children from adults,with adults worHng and children attending school. The dramatic increase of mothers in the workplace has further contributed to the reduction in the amount of time adolescents spend with adults. School reform efforts during the nineteenth century, which resulted in age-segregated schools and grades, have reduced the amount of time adolescents spend with younger children.Finally, the changes in population are considered a factor that may have contributed to the emergence of adolescent peer culture. From 1955 t0 1975, the adolescent population increased dramatically,from 11 percent t0 20.9 percent. This increase in the number of adolescents might be a contributing factor to the increase in adolescent peer culture in terms of growth in size.Research supports the view that adolescents spend a great deal of time with their peers. Reed Larson and his colleagues examined adolescents' daily activities and found that they spend more time talking to their friends than engaging in any other activity. In a typical week, high school students will spend twice as much time with their peers as with adults. This gradual withdrawal from adults begins in early adolescence. Ln sixth grade, adults (excluding parents) account for only 25 percent of adolescent social networks. Another important characteristic of adolescent peer culture is its increasingly autonomous (白治的) function. While childhood peer groups are conducted under the close supervision of parents, adolescent peer groups typically make an effort to escape adult supervision and usually succeed in doing so.(Note: Answer the guenons or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN EIGHT WORDS.)81. "This pattern of age segregation" refers to the phenomenon that adolescents segregate themselves from82. Besides changes in the workplace, are the other two factors contributing to adolescent peer culture.83. When do adolescents start to spend less time with adults?84. How do adolescent peer groups differ from childhood peer groups?第II卷（共45分）I．TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 1．她五年前开始拉小提琴。