Noncommutative Integrable Field Theories in 2d

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arXiv:hep-th/0211193v2 12 Mar 2003IFT-P.067/2002CLNS02/1798

NoncommutativeIntegrableFieldTheoriesin2d

I.Cabrera-Carnero1IFT,UnespRuaPamplona,145S˜aoPaulo,SP01405-900,Brazil

M.Moriconi2NewmanLaboratoryofNuclearStudies,CornellUniversityIthaca,NewYork14853,USAandInstitutodeF´ısicaUniversidadeFederaldoRiodeJaneiroRiodeJaneiro,RJ21945-970,Brazil

AbstractWestudythenoncommutativegeneralizationof(euclidean)integrablemodelsintwo-dimensions,specificallythesine-andsinh-GordonandtheU(N)principalchiralmodels.Bylookingattree-levelamplitudesforthesinh-Gordonmodelweshowthatitsna¨ıvenoncommutativegeneralizationisnotintegrable.Ontheotherhand,theadditionofextraconstraints,obtainedthroughthegeneralizationofthezero-curvaturemethod,rendersthemodelintegrable.Weconstructexplicitnon-localnon-trivialconservedchargesfortheU(N)principalchiralmodelusingtheBrezin-Itzykson-Zinn-Justin-Zubermethod.1IntroductionNoncommutativefieldtheories(ncft’s)haveattractedagreatdealofattentionrecently,duetotheirrelationtostringtheory,wheretheyariseasalimitoftypeIIBtheorieswithaB-fieldturnedon[1].Besidesthisimportantconnection,ncft’sareinterestingontheirownsetting,withaveryrichandunexpectedstructure,suchastheUV/IRmixingforexample[2],andapplicationstothequantumHalleffect[3].Ithasbeenshowningeneralthattheintroductionofspace-timenoncommutativ-ityleadstonon-unitarytheories[4],butitisconceivablethatsomespecificmodelscouldevadesomeofthesearguments[5,6].Sinceinanoncommutativetheoryintwo-dimensionswenecessarilyhavespace-timenoncommutativity,wehavetobecarefulindefiningthetheoryproperly.Onewaytoavoidthesecomplicationsistoconsidertwo-dimensionaleuclideanmodels.Wearguethatafterintroducingnoncommutativity,obtainedbyconsideringthere-placementoftheproductofthefieldsintheactionbytheir⋆-products,someofthesemodelsarestillintegrableclassically,whereasothersarenot.Weshowthatmodelsob-tainedinthiswaythatarenotintegrable,canberedefinedbyasuitablegeneralizationofthezero-curvaturemethod[7]andthenshowntobeintegrable.Thispaperisorganizedasfollows.Inthenextsectionwebrieflyreviewperturbativenon-commutativefieldtheory.Insection3wediscusssomeofthegeneralitiesofintegrablefieldtheories,introducethemodelswearegoingtostudy,showthenon-integrabilityofthenoncommutativesGandshGmodels,discussthenoncommutativegeneralizationofthezero-curvatureformalism,andshowhowtheintegrabilityofthesGandshGmodelsmayberestoredandpresentsoliton(localized)solutions.WealsodiscusstheU(N)pcmandshowthatitsnoncommutativegeneralizationisintegrable.Inthiscaseweconstructnon-localchargesfollowingthemethodof[8].Insection4wepresentourconclusionsandcommentonfuturedirectionstopursue.Someofthetechnicalaspectsarepresentedintheappendices.

2Non-CommutativeFieldTheoriesLetusconsiderscalarfieldtheoriesforsimplicity.Weconstructancft[9]fromagivenquantumfieldtheory(qft)byreplacingtheproductoffieldsbythe⋆-product

φ1(x)φ2(x)→φ1(x)⋆φ2(x)=eiAsimplifyingaspectintheanalysisofncft’sisthatthepropagatorofancftisthesameastheoneofitscommutingversion.Thisisduetothefactthat,foramanifoldwithoutboundaries,󰀃dxf(x)⋆g(x)=󰀃

dxf(x)g(x)(2.2)

Therefore,thequadraticpartoftheactionisthesameforthenoncommutativeversionofthemodel,providingthesamepropagator.Inthefollowingwewillrefertofunctionsofoperatorsinthenoncommutativedefor-mationbya⋆sub-index,forexampleφn⋆=φ⋆φ⋆...⋆φ.Ifononehandpropagatorsarethesameasinthecommutativeversions,verticeswillpickupphases.Forexample,ifweconsideraφn⋆terminatwo-dimensionalscalarfieldtheory,weobtaininmomentumspace󰀃dxφ(x)⋆...⋆φ(x)=󰀃n󰀁

i=1dpie−i

2((ki)µθµν(kj)ν).Weshouldremarkthatintwodimensionski∧kj=θ

4!󰀊perm.exp(−i󰀊iki∧kj)=1

6!󰀊perm.exp(−i󰀊iki∧kj)(2.7)

Wewillleavethe6-pointvertexinthisform,sincethereisnosimplerwaytowriteit,asinthecaseofthe4-pointvertex.AllonehastodoinordertocomputeamplitudesinanoncommutativescalarfieldtheoryistowritedownexactlythesameFeynmangraphsasinthecommutativetheoryandreplacetheverticesbyexpressionslike2.4and2.7(andtheiranalogousforhigherordervertices).

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