Alkaline hydrogen peroxide pretreatment of softwood
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Alkalinehydrogenperoxidepretreatmentofsoftwood:Hemicellulose
degradation
pathways
CarlosAlvarez-Vasco,XiaoZhang⇑
VoilandSchoolofChemicalEngineeringandBioengineering,Bioproducts,ScienceandEngineeringLaboratory,WashingtonStateUniversity,Richland,WA99354,UnitedStates
highlightsAlkalineH2O2pretreatment(AHP)ofsoftwoodledtovaluablehemicelluloseproducts.
Asignificantamountoflacticandsuccinicacidscanbeproducedfromglucomannan.
Glucomannantoorganicacidsconversionpathwayswereelucidated.graphicalabstract
articleinfo
Articlehistory:Received13August2013Receivedinrevisedform1October2013Accepted6October2013Availableonline12October2013
Keywords:AlkalinehydrogenperoxideSoftwoodGlucomannanCarboxylicacidsEndwisedepolymerizationabstractThisstudyinvestigatedsoftwoodhemicellulosesdegradationpathwaysduringalkalinehydrogenperox-ide(AHP)pretreatmentofDouglasfir.Itwasfoundthatglucomannanismuchmoresusceptibletoalka-linepretreatmentthanxylan.Organicacids,includinglactic,succinic,glycolicandformicacidarethepredominantproductsfromglucomannandegradation.Atlowtreatmenttemperature(90°C),asmallamountofformicacidisproducedfromglucomannan,whereasglucomannandegradationtolacticacidandsuccinicacidbecomesthemainreactionsat140°Cand180°C.TheadditionofH2O2duringalkalinepretreatmentofD.firledtoasignificantremovaloflignin,whichsubsequentlyfacilitatedglucomannansolubilization.However,H2O2haslittledirecteffectontheglucomannandegradationreaction.Themaindegradationpathwaysinvolvedinglucomannanconversiontoorganicsacidsareelucidated.Theresultsfromthisstudydemonstratethepotentialtooptimizepretreatmentconditionstomaximizethevalueofbiomasshemicellulose.Ó2013ElsevierLtd.Allrightsreserved.
1.Introduction
Thestructuralandchemicalrecalcitranceofplantbiomasspre-
sentsamajorchallengetothedevelopmentofaneconomicallyvia-
bleprocesstoconvertbiomasstobiofuelsandbioproducts.A
varietyofpretreatmenttechnologieshavebeendevelopedtodisin-
tegratebiomassandfacilitatedownstreamprocessingofitscom-
ponents(i.e.cellulose,hemicellulose,lignin)bybiologicaland
chemicalmeanstoproducebiofuelsandbiochemicals(Larsson
etal.,1999;Mosieretal.,2005;Panetal.,2004;Wymanetal.,
2005).Softwoodisrecognizedasthemostrecalcitrantbiomassfeed-
stocktodeconstructiontoproducesugarsforbiofuelsconversion.
AcidorSO2catalyzedsteamexplosionandorganosolvpretreat-
mentshavebeenemployed(DelRioetal.,2012;Kumaretal.,
2012;Singhaniaetal.,2011),bothfacinglimitations.Duringacidic
treatmentconditions,hemicellulosesarepronetodegradationto
furfuralandhydroxymethylfurfural(HMF)(Nitsosetal.,2013)
whichshowsignificantinhibitoryeffecttodownstreamenzy-
matichydrolysisandfermentationprocesses(Palmqvistand
Hahn-Hägerdal,2000).Duringorganosolvtreatment,complete
solventrecoveryhasbeenacriticalissuetotheprocesseconomy
(ZhuandPan,2010).
Comparedtohardwoodandagriculturalbiomass,softwoodhas
higherlignincontentandmorefrequentcarbon–carbonlinkages
0960-8524/$-seefrontmatterÓ2013ElsevierLtd.Allrightsreserved.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2013.10.020⇑Correspondingauthor.Tel.:+15093727647;fax:+15093727690.E-mailaddresses:x.zhang@wsu.edu,xiaozhang@tricity.wsu.edu(X.Zhang).BioresourceTechnology150(2013)321–327
ContentslistsavailableatScienceDirect
BioresourceTechnology
journalhomepage:www.elsevier.com/locate/biortechwithinligninmacromolecules.Alkalinetreatmentofsoftwoodhas
beenshowntofacilitateligninremovalandswellbiomasssub-
strate.Severalrecentstudieshaveinvestigatedtheuseofalkaline
hydrogenperoxide(AHP)forpretreatmentofbiomassfeedstock.
TheAHPpretreatmentofcornstoverandhybridpolarledtoglucan
hydrolysabilitiesupto95%and97%,respectively(Banerjeeetal.,
2011,2012;GuptaandLee,2010).Acomprehensiveinvestigation
ofAHPpretreatmentofsoftwoodhasnotbeenreported.
Duringbiomasspretreatment,notonlytheintegrityofthebio-
massphysicalstructureisdisrupted,butasignificantamountof
biomasscomponents,mainlyhemicelluloses,arealsodissolved
inthepretreatmentsolutionandcollectedasthewatersoluble
fraction(WSF).Pretreatmentoptimizationhasbeenmostlyfo-
cusedonimprovingsolidsubstrateyieldanditshydrolysability.
Littleefforthasbeenmadetoobtainadetailedunderstanding
ofthedegradationpathwaysofhemicelluloseduringpretreat-
mentprocess.Theobjectiveofthisprojectistodeterminethe
potentialofalkalinehydrogenperoxideforefficientsoftwoodpre-
treatment.Asthefirstpartofaseriesstudiestoinvestigatethe
potentialofAHPpretreatmentofsoftwoodforfuelandchemicals
production,thispaperelucidatedthesoftwoodhemicelluloses
degradationpathwaysduringthepretreatmentanddiscussed
potentialmeansofconvertingsoftwoodhemicellulosestovalue
chemicals.
2.Methods
2.1.ChemicalcompositionofDouglasfir
Douglasfir(Pseudotsugamenziesii)woodchipscollectedfrom
WashingtonStatewereusedinthisstudy.Thechemicalcomposi-