Alkaline hydrogen peroxide pretreatment of softwood

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Alkalinehydrogenperoxidepretreatmentofsoftwood:Hemicellulose

degradation

pathways

CarlosAlvarez-Vasco,XiaoZhang⇑

VoilandSchoolofChemicalEngineeringandBioengineering,Bioproducts,ScienceandEngineeringLaboratory,WashingtonStateUniversity,Richland,WA99354,UnitedStates

highlights󰀂AlkalineH2O2pretreatment(AHP)ofsoftwoodledtovaluablehemicelluloseproducts.

󰀂Asignificantamountoflacticandsuccinicacidscanbeproducedfromglucomannan.

󰀂Glucomannantoorganicacidsconversionpathwayswereelucidated.graphicalabstract

articleinfo

Articlehistory:Received13August2013Receivedinrevisedform1October2013Accepted6October2013Availableonline12October2013

Keywords:AlkalinehydrogenperoxideSoftwoodGlucomannanCarboxylicacidsEndwisedepolymerizationabstractThisstudyinvestigatedsoftwoodhemicellulosesdegradationpathwaysduringalkalinehydrogenperox-ide(AHP)pretreatmentofDouglasfir.Itwasfoundthatglucomannanismuchmoresusceptibletoalka-linepretreatmentthanxylan.Organicacids,includinglactic,succinic,glycolicandformicacidarethepredominantproductsfromglucomannandegradation.Atlowtreatmenttemperature(90°C),asmallamountofformicacidisproducedfromglucomannan,whereasglucomannandegradationtolacticacidandsuccinicacidbecomesthemainreactionsat140°Cand180°C.TheadditionofH2O2duringalkalinepretreatmentofD.firledtoasignificantremovaloflignin,whichsubsequentlyfacilitatedglucomannansolubilization.However,H2O2haslittledirecteffectontheglucomannandegradationreaction.Themaindegradationpathwaysinvolvedinglucomannanconversiontoorganicsacidsareelucidated.Theresultsfromthisstudydemonstratethepotentialtooptimizepretreatmentconditionstomaximizethevalueofbiomasshemicellulose.Ó2013ElsevierLtd.Allrightsreserved.

1.Introduction

Thestructuralandchemicalrecalcitranceofplantbiomasspre-

sentsamajorchallengetothedevelopmentofaneconomicallyvia-

bleprocesstoconvertbiomasstobiofuelsandbioproducts.A

varietyofpretreatmenttechnologieshavebeendevelopedtodisin-

tegratebiomassandfacilitatedownstreamprocessingofitscom-

ponents(i.e.cellulose,hemicellulose,lignin)bybiologicaland

chemicalmeanstoproducebiofuelsandbiochemicals(Larsson

etal.,1999;Mosieretal.,2005;Panetal.,2004;Wymanetal.,

2005).Softwoodisrecognizedasthemostrecalcitrantbiomassfeed-

stocktodeconstructiontoproducesugarsforbiofuelsconversion.

AcidorSO2catalyzedsteamexplosionandorganosolvpretreat-

mentshavebeenemployed(DelRioetal.,2012;Kumaretal.,

2012;Singhaniaetal.,2011),bothfacinglimitations.Duringacidic

treatmentconditions,hemicellulosesarepronetodegradationto

furfuralandhydroxymethylfurfural(HMF)(Nitsosetal.,2013)

whichshowsignificantinhibitoryeffecttodownstreamenzy-

matichydrolysisandfermentationprocesses(Palmqvistand

Hahn-Hägerdal,2000).Duringorganosolvtreatment,complete

solventrecoveryhasbeenacriticalissuetotheprocesseconomy

(ZhuandPan,2010).

Comparedtohardwoodandagriculturalbiomass,softwoodhas

higherlignincontentandmorefrequentcarbon–carbonlinkages

0960-8524/$-seefrontmatterÓ2013ElsevierLtd.Allrightsreserved.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2013.10.020⇑Correspondingauthor.Tel.:+15093727647;fax:+15093727690.E-mailaddresses:x.zhang@wsu.edu,xiaozhang@tricity.wsu.edu(X.Zhang).BioresourceTechnology150(2013)321–327

ContentslistsavailableatScienceDirect

BioresourceTechnology

journalhomepage:www.elsevier.com/locate/biortechwithinligninmacromolecules.Alkalinetreatmentofsoftwoodhas

beenshowntofacilitateligninremovalandswellbiomasssub-

strate.Severalrecentstudieshaveinvestigatedtheuseofalkaline

hydrogenperoxide(AHP)forpretreatmentofbiomassfeedstock.

TheAHPpretreatmentofcornstoverandhybridpolarledtoglucan

hydrolysabilitiesupto95%and97%,respectively(Banerjeeetal.,

2011,2012;GuptaandLee,2010).Acomprehensiveinvestigation

ofAHPpretreatmentofsoftwoodhasnotbeenreported.

Duringbiomasspretreatment,notonlytheintegrityofthebio-

massphysicalstructureisdisrupted,butasignificantamountof

biomasscomponents,mainlyhemicelluloses,arealsodissolved

inthepretreatmentsolutionandcollectedasthewatersoluble

fraction(WSF).Pretreatmentoptimizationhasbeenmostlyfo-

cusedonimprovingsolidsubstrateyieldanditshydrolysability.

Littleefforthasbeenmadetoobtainadetailedunderstanding

ofthedegradationpathwaysofhemicelluloseduringpretreat-

mentprocess.Theobjectiveofthisprojectistodeterminethe

potentialofalkalinehydrogenperoxideforefficientsoftwoodpre-

treatment.Asthefirstpartofaseriesstudiestoinvestigatethe

potentialofAHPpretreatmentofsoftwoodforfuelandchemicals

production,thispaperelucidatedthesoftwoodhemicelluloses

degradationpathwaysduringthepretreatmentanddiscussed

potentialmeansofconvertingsoftwoodhemicellulosestovalue

chemicals.

2.Methods

2.1.ChemicalcompositionofDouglasfir

Douglasfir(Pseudotsugamenziesii)woodchipscollectedfrom

WashingtonStatewereusedinthisstudy.Thechemicalcomposi-