Unit 2 Clothing and Dress CodesSection A Chinese clothingPassage 1Reading comprehension1 1 T2 T3 T4 F5 T6 F7 T8 T2 略Verbal expression1 略2 略Critical thinking and cultural exploration1 Adaptation of ancient Chinese clothesTranscriptThe han yuan su dress was designed to adapt the traditional hanfu to modern life by applying the main characteristics of hanfu in the design of vogue clothes, which has raised the profile of hanfu and expanded its influence.“For me dressing up in a traditional hanfu outfit with wide sleeves is not that practical or comfortable,” says Liu Yinhong, founder of the website . However, he says he insists on wearing standard hanfu on formal occasions, such as the celebration of traditional festivals and weddings. Choosing hanfu as wedding garb has become popular among hanfu lovers.“Han yuan su is a more practical and fashionable choice for casual wear.”says Wang Tianjiao, who is a fan of hanfu.Chu Yan, chief costume designer for leaders at the APEC Economic Leaders’Meeting in Beijing in 2014, has studied traditional culture for many years and has created stylish clothes with a fusion of characteristics of traditional Chinese costume. “Costume is one of the carriers of our culture, especially on some international occasions,” she says. In the context of consolidating their cultural confidence, Chinese people are seeking an identity for their culture, and the public is trying to find a visible cultural symbol to show the country’s uniqueness. That could partly explain the hanfu renaissance. “The elegance and beauty embodied in the fabrics, pattern designs and colours of hanfu cannot be replaced by fast fashion,” she says.(231 words)2 Chinese ethnic clothingTranscriptChina is a country consisting of 56 ethnic groups, each having its own clothing style with distinct ethnic characteristics, due to the influence of different culture, traditions, and geographical features.For example, Miao clothing incorporates hundreds of styles in varying arrays of colour.Headdress is common, where flowers are often used to accent vibrant patterns.Men wear short coats and trousers, while women decorate themselves with very dainty and dazzling skirts and jewels. On their skirts, thereare many patterns taking themes from real life such as flowers, birds, etc. One of the most attractive, pleated skirts has as many as forty layers!The Bai costume has a long history. Now, the clothes of the Bai people are bright and well-matching in colours, delicate and fine in embroideries, and plain and simple in style. Bai clothing is usually adorned with camellia flowers because the Bai people view these flowers as a symbol of beauty. The Bai people enjoy their lives and love flowers. They like to wear a red scarf on their shoulders and a white upper outer garment, which is a combination that resembles blooming camellias.Generally speaking, Tibetans wear short blouses and upper garments made of silk or cloth with long sleeves inside, a wide and loose robe on the outside and long boots of quality cattle hide. For the convenience of work or labour, Tibetans usually expose their right shoulder or both arms by tying the sleeves around their waist. Furthermore, Tibetan women prefer to wear an apron with beautiful patterns.The hat, the caftan, the sash, and the stylish, upturned boots form the indispensible nucleus of the Mongolian’s outdoor attire. The hat has always been the most special item of a Mongolian’s attire. One does not leave one’s hat lying about where it risks being crushed, but places it on a high perch preciously to avoid such mishaps. The caftan is perhaps the most practical article of clothing of a Mongolian man. Besides being the main garment, the caftan can serve as a makeshift tent, a blanket, a screen, or a mask, and its long sleeves can be rolled down as gloves, which can provide protection against the sun, wind, rain, etc.（366 words）Passage 2Reading comprehension11 T2 F3 F4 T5 T6 F2 略Verbal expression1 略2 略Critical thinking and cultural exploration1 The Twelve OrnamentsTranscriptThe Twelve Ornaments are a group of ancient Chinese symbols and designs that are considered highly auspicious. They were employed in the decoration of textile fabrics in ancient China, which signified authority and power, and were embroidered on vestments of state. According to the Book of Documents, the Twelve Ornaments were referred to by Emperor Shun, one of the legendary Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors.According to the book, the emperor wished for the symbols to be used on official robes of the state.The portrait of Emperor Wanli of the Ming Dynasty in his mianfu features all twelve ornaments.On the upper robe, there were:•the sun with the three-legged crow•the moon with the moon rabbit in it, who is constantly pounding the elixir of life•the three stars, which could also be the Fu Lu Shou stars, which symbolize happiness, prosperity, and longevity•the sacred mountains, which symbolize stability and tranquility•the dragon, symbol of adaptability and strength•the pheasant, which is however the phoenix, symbol of peace and refinementThe dragon and phoenix represent the natural world. In yin and yang terminology, a dragon is the male yang and the phoenix a female yin. Therefore, the emperor was often identified as the dragon, while the empress was the phoenix. This was also reflected in the robes they wore.On Wanli’s lower robe there were:•two cups, which are a sacrificial utensil, sometimes feature patterns containing each a tiger and a monkey, and symbolize faithfulness and respect• a spray of pondweed or algae, a symbol of brightness and purity•fire, which symbolizes brightness•grains of rice, which symbolize nourishment and the country's agriculture, but also wealth•an axe, symbol of courage and resolution, but also executive justice•The figure fú underneath the axe represents two animals with their backside together, which symbolizes the capability to make a clear distinction between right and wrong.(327 words)2 Silk and silk-making in ChinaKeeping the ancient art of Chinese silk-making aliveTranscriptSilk is a luxury that has been sought by emperors and citizens alike —a commodity that connected the world and launched global commerce on an unprecedented scale. Thousands of years later, our desire for silk is no less intense.China, the country credited with bringing this attractive material to the world, is still its biggest producer.In the remote villages of Zhejiang Province, Chinese silk farmers are continuing the ancient tradition.The raw material for silk thread is made by larvae that feed off the leaves of mulberry trees, which are plentiful in this region’s mild climate. Once found in the wild, now the caterpillars —called silkworms —are mostly farmed.One farmer, 67-year-old Ding Xiangqun, has raised silkworms all his life, feeding them several times a day in his one-room farmhouse.It's only when you come here that you realize just how much time and effort goes into producing just one piece of silk fabric.In D ing’s farmhouse, around 30,000 silkworms have been feeding on mulberry leaves for the past month. Now they will actually begin spitting out that silk and wrapping themselves into cocoons —the whole bunch producing around 50kg of cocoon silk.In ancient China, everything was done by hand. Today, silk is mostly made by machine —but it’s still a labor-intensive process.Just outside of Hangzhou, Lin Hui, a 28-year-old young man, manages his family-owned silk company.The factory runs 24-hours-a-day, seven-days-a-week, producing nearly 1 million meters of silk each year —selling as far away as the US and Europe.“Silk is a tradition for Chinese people,” said Lin. “I t’s the essence of our culture.”Given the time it takes to produce —from cocoon to factory —it’s perhaps no wonder then that silk is still such a luxury today.(292 words)Passage 3Reading comprehension11 T2 T3 F4 F5 T6 F7 F8 T2 略Verbal exploration1 略21 f2 b3 d4 e5 a6 g7 cCritical thinking and cultural exploration1 Suit etiquette for womenTranscriptSuit-wearing etiquette for women generally follows the same guidelines used by men, with a few differences and more flexibility. For women, the skirt suit or dress suit are both acceptable; a blouse, which can be white or coloured, usually ta kes the place of a shirt. Women’s suits can also be worn with coloured tops or T-shirts. Also, women usually wear suits in professional settings, rather than as general formal attire, as men d o. Women’s suits come in a larger variety of colours such as darks, pastels, and gem colours. Women generally do not wear neckties with their suits. Fancy silk scarves that resemble a floppy ascot tie became popular in North America in the 1970s. By the 1980s, women were entering the white-collar workforce in increasing numbers and their dress fashions adopted looks not dissimilar from men’s business wear. By the early to mid-1980s, conservatively-tailored skirt suits were the norm, in the same colours and fab rics considered standard in men’s suits. These were typically worn with buttoned-up collared blouses, usually white or some pastel in colour. These were frequently accessorized with a version of the bow tie, usually the same fabrics, colours, and patter ns as men’s neckties and bow ties, but tied in a fuller bow at the collar. The variations in design, cut, and cloth, such as two- and three-piece, or single- and double-breasted, determine the social and work suitability of the garment.(234 words)2 Dressing to impress: Tips on appropriate professional attire for job interviewsTranscript1. Learn the employer’s dress style• Research the culture of the employer as well as the culture of the organization. A more conservative employer in accounting, finance, law, etc. will require more conservative dress. A more creative employer in retail, advertising, etc. might offer more flexibility.• Look at the organization’s brochures, website, and employees to guide your dress. Get to know what style of clothes is being worn by the people who work there.• Trust your instincts when selecting interview attire. If you have to ask “Can I wear this?” then the answer should always be “No.” Err on the conservative side when in doubt about what to wear.• It is okay to ask employers what their organization’s dress code looks like.2. Standard interview attireThe suit• Purchase a quality suit. One good suit is better than several inexpensive suits.• Choose a classic, neutral suit in charcoal, black, or navy. Avoid suits that conform to trends. Skirt suits are appropriate feminine attire as long as the skirt hits or covers the knee and there are no large slits at the side, front, or back.• The pant leg should touch the front of the shoe and fall just above the heel in the back. Pants can be cuffed or uncuffed.• Make sure the suit flatters your body type and fits well, not too tight or loose.The dress shirt• Choose shirts in a pale, subtle colour such as blue, white or ecru.• Avoid shirts with insignias.• Long sleeved, button-up shirts are most appropriate. Your shirt sleeve should extend beyond the suit jacket sleeves by half an inch.• Pointed collars give a more professional image than button-down collars, yet both are acceptable.The shoes• Shoes that match your suit or are slightly darker are the best choice in colours, such as brown, black, tan, or navy. The shoe should have a real sole and a closed toe. Avoid platforms and heels higher than 2 inches.• Shoes should be polished and in good condition.• Be sure to wear socks that cover your calves.（341 words）Passage 4Reading comprehension11 T2 T3 F4 T5 T6 T7 T8 F2 略Verbal expression1 略2 Buying clothes at a shopTranscriptDialogue 1Assistant:Can I help you?Lisa:Yes, how much is that skirt?Assistant:It's $40.Lisa:Can I try it on?Assistant:Yes, what size are you?Lisa:I don’t know.Assistant:Ok, try a size 10. The changing room is over there.Lisa:Do you have it in a bigger size?Assistant:Yes, here you are.Lisa:Thank you.Assistant:How was it?Lisa:It fits. I’ll take it.Dialogue 2Mike:I’d like to return this please.Assistant:Do you have the receipt?Mike:Yes.Assistant:Would you like to choose something else?Mike:No, can I have a refund please?Assistant:Sure. Here you are.Mike:Thank you.Critical thinking and cultural exploration1 Evening wear etiquette: White tie or black tieTranscriptWhite tie and black tie are the two categories of a class of dress known as evening wear (or evening dress), a centuries-old tradition that reserved one’s finest attire until after sundown.The original purpose of such apparel was to leave behind the dirt and smell of a day spent on horseback or in the city, but after the advent of the automobile it became primarily aesthetic, representing what one etiquette guide described as “nothing more among people of social standing or inclination than the desire to be clean, neat, and as attractive as possible when they meet for social purposes.”Prior to the Second World War the tuxedo and tailcoat were considered the only attire appropriate for such evening socializing. Following the war, the business suit became acceptable at informal occasions both night and day which meant that evening wear was redefined as attire appropriate only for evenings and became increasingly limited to only the most formal of affairs.Regardless of how evening wear is defined, the ideal for the tuxedo and tailcoat is that they should not appear in broad daylight. Because this can be quite unavoidable during summer – particularly in regions located far from the equator – etiquette experts have had to devise more practical guidelines. The most common solution is to define evening chronologically and discourage the wearing of corresponding attire in public prior to six o’clock. The other school of thought asserts that evening begins at 6 pm or dark, whichever comes first. In either case, unless he is working as a waiter, the only excuse for a man to be seen in a tuxedo during the day is if he is traveling to an evening event.The protocol of reserving the tuxedo and tailcoat for wear after six is self-evident in Britain which has maintained the elegant custom of morning dress, a category of clothing designated specifically for formal daytime events. On the other side of the Atlantic, however, formal day clothes have all but disappeared since World War II, and in their absence, most North Americans have come to view the tuxedo and tailcoat as all-purpose “formalwear” and commonly sport it at afternoon weddings.(360 words)2 Business attire: Western vs ChineseTranscriptIn China, appearance is very significant within business circles for good impression. Businesspeople want to look successful. They tend to wear good quality clothes, shoes, watches and the like. Now, I will show you some rules of Chinese business dress code.Basically, Chinese business attire requires both businessmen and businesswomen to wear conservative colours and styles. Suits and ties in subdued colours are the norm, and loud colours or patterns are considered inappropriate. Therefore, beige or brown colour is preferred. Neither men nor women should wear blue jeans for a business meeting.Originally, the business dress for Chinese men was the traditional wardrobe called Zhongshan suit. However, it is no longer the preferred attire.A conservative suit such as a dark coloured suit with an unadorned tie has become the standard business attire these days. However, tuxedos are generally not appropriate in the Chinese business culture.The dress guidelines for women are a little bit more complicated. Women also should wear conservative suits or dresses; a blouse or other kind of top should have a high neckline. Sleeves should be full or three-quarter length. Sleeveless and sheer materials are not appropriate.The main footwear options for businesswomen are modest, flat or low-heel shoes, though high heels are sometimes also acceptable. On top of that good quality jewelry should be neither ostentatious nor flashy for making the right impression.To sum up, when meeting with Chinese businesspeople, avoiding wearing loud colours or styles is the best way to reduce unnecessary attention and to help you in your dealings.(257 words)。
大学英语综合教程4unit2passageB作文答案（新）Unit1Men Are Different from Women in Many WaysTraditionally, men and women were seen as opposite poles of a magnet. Men were strong, women were weak; men were the breadwinners, women were the homemakers; men were rational, women were emotional. In accordance with these beliefs, the men filled the leadership positions in society, as well as the majority of positions that required courage, clear-thinking and intellect. Women took on the nurturing, caring or supportive jobs such as nurse, teacher, assistant. However, modern society has greatly challenged these perceived differences between men and womenThese days gender roles are becoming less clear. Women are moving into the male-dominated occupations and proving that they can be equally successful in these fields. Moreover, some men are taking on the homemaker role and finding that it suits them. In some cultures, for example the Naxi culture of southwestern China, the women have always been the head of the household and responsible for both work and finance.So, are men and women really all that different? From the changing perspectives towards this question, it would seem that socialization plays a large role in defining masculinity and femininity in any given time period and in any given culture. In other words, perhaps men and women are not that different after all. Unit2Culture plays an important role in business. In different cultures there are different ideas about when meetings should be scheduled, how much notice should be given, Where peopleshould be seated and how the negotiations should be proceed. During the negotiations there are also vast cultural differences in what is considered appropriate language, communication style and body language. For example, some culture value eye contact, others do not. Some cultures use 'yes' as an acknowledgement of what the person has said, other use 'yes' only for agreement.Social conventions of greeting, dressing, eating and entertaining also vary considerably amongst cultures and these are important to learn since a lot of business takes place while having dinner or enjoyingdrinks together.If a businessman attempts a cross-cultural business partnership without an adequate awareness of his associate's culture, he is likely to encounter misunderstanding and may even cause offence. This will damage and may even end the business relationship. Therefore, cultural differences must be carefully handled when doing business with people from different countries.Unit3Fighting Against PiracyNowadays the problem of piracy has become increasingly serious. Not only is there a serious lack of knowledge amongst the general public about piracy issues, but there is also an attitude of indifference.These days piracy is strongly evident in the commercial world in the wide availability of illegal VCDs and DVDs , the inclusion of Copyrighted pictures, web graphics, video clips and magazine portions in business presentations and the photocopying of books and articles for distribution without the author's permission.The negative consequences of piracy are two-fold. Firstly, the Copyright owners are likely to suffer significant financial losses. Secondly, the Copyright owner loses recognition, if the source of the material is unacknowledged.Therefore it is important for all citizens to become educated about piracy issues, to follow copyright laws in their own lives, and to encourage their colleagues and friends to do the same.Unit4The Importance of Learning Spoken EnglishIn today's modern world, learning spoken English has many advantages. English is fast becoming the international language of many fields, including politics, business and education. Not only is English used between native speakers and non-native speakers, but it is also used increasingly as a common language in interactions between non-native speakers.Having a good grasp of spoken English helps you to improve your chances of employment. These days, there are many foreign companies operating from China, and many Chinese-owned companies have trade links withforeign partners. These companies require speakers of English with sufficient language skills to ensure smooth business transactions.Spoken English also provides the chances for you to communicate socially with people from many other countries. It gives you a window into other cultures, and other perspectives of the world. It also gives you access to foreign films, TV programs, music and news.Therefore, spoken English is an important and fundamental tool in today's global village.Unit5Business EthicsCreating and sustaining an ethical corporation isn't as difficult as you might think; it's actually easier than some of the day-to-day business challenges you face. The keys to running an ethical company are accountability, honesty, and information transparency.Corporations aren't ethical or evil in and of themselves--but people can be. So ethics must focus on you and the people you work with. Most people want to do the right thing, but organizational structure doesnot guarantee they will do the right thing, without meaning to or even knowing it. Structuring an ethical corporation makes the goal easier to achieve.The challenge could not be more urgent. A substantial majority of people in China are dissatisfied with the social behavior of our corporations, say several recent news reports. Poor treatment of workers at home and abroad, products that don't perform as advertised, fake commodities, poor customer service, environmental pollution, to mention a few.Responsible behavior is important to your business success, but let's not forget that you're in business--you're not out to solve the world's problems. So how do you balance the two? What does it mean to be ethical in business?It simply requires that you follow your best moral instincts, even in areas that don't appear to involve moral issues, such as cost-benefit analyses. But while good ethics often equates to good business, sometimes it doesn't. Sometimes being truly ethical means giving up something you want in exchange for doing the rightthing. That's why we worry about ethics in the first place--ifit didn't cost us anything, everyone would be ethical all the time.Unit6SPORTS AND PSYCHOLOGICAL HEALTH.Sports do much good to our health. Especially they can be of great value to our psychological health. People who are involved in athletics feel more self-sufficient and confident in their abilities. They feel they are in control of their own actions. Sports offer people an opportunity to experience If each of them learns to work for his team and not for himself on the football field, he will find it natural to work for the good of his country instead of only for his own benefit.Unit7Life after RetirementThe moment of retirement will mean the beginning of a new life for Old Jack. From the age of 16 to 60, he kept working very hard. Work and study, family and society were what he focused on. Now, in retirement, he wants to have a life of his own. The first thing hewants to do is to travel around the world, to visit the African wildlife, to appreciate the glorious Western and Oriental culture and to go to every corner of the world he has ever dreamed of. Then, he will find a beautiful quiet place, and write. He will write about his own world. Maybe, he will not publish it, and he will simply write for fun. Of course, family life will remain important for him. Every week, when his family gathers together, they will share their happiness and solve their problems together. Life after retirement means much more time for him, and he will enjoy every minute of it.Unit8On GlobalizationIn the process of globalization, many foreign things have entered into our lives and have changed our lives. This has made the world become smaller and smaller. For example, we can watch foreign movies, enjoy foreign food, wear fashionable foreign clothes, and even use high-tech products imported from advanced countries. Some people even celebrate the foreign festivals and adopt foreign lifestyle or foreign ideasin order to be a global citizen. Whenever you go, you may find things that are familiar to you in your hometown or homeland. Many parts of the world are watching the same film, and the same song is popular at the same time all over the world. Even the style of architecture has become identical, especially in cosmopolitan cites, you may find some similar features in their city buildings.There are different ideas about globalization. Those who are in favor of globalization take a positive and optimistic attitude towards it. What they value most is the good effects of the globalization and the various benefits it brings about. However, there are also some people who strongly dislike the idea and the practice of globalization. They place more emphasis on the bad or evil effects of globalization.In my opinion, every coin has two sides. We should take a realistic attitude towards globalization. On the one hand, globalization of the economy and to some extent, the globalization of culture may bring some advantages. It may promote the development of less developed areas, improve some people's living standardand enrich their local culture, and also give people more chances to know about others which are quite different from their own. On the other hand, globalization may bring aboutsome disadvantages or negative effects. For example, the world will lose its cultural diversity because of the invasion and prevailing of one culture, and some cultures will lose its cultural identities and peculiar characteristics. Thus, it's appropriate for us to take a balanced attitude towards globalization.。
