当前位置：文档之家 › Soil biological activity and their seasonal variations in response to long-term application

Soil biological activity and their seasonal variations in response to long-term application

  • 格式：pdf
  • 大小：210.20 KB
  • 文档页数：14

REGULARARTICLE

Soilbiologicalactivityandtheirseasonalvariations

inresponsetolong-termapplicationoforganic

andinorganicfertilizers

GaofeiGe&ZhaojunLi&FenliangFan&GuixinChu&ZhenanHou&YongchaoLiang

Received:13July2009/Accepted:29September2009/Publishedonline:9October2009#SpringerScience+BusinessMediaB.V.2009

AbstractTheobjectivesofthisstudyweretoexplore

theeffectsoflong-termandcontinuedapplicationof

fertilizersandmanuresonmicrobialbiomass,soil

biologicalactivityandtheirseasonalvariationsin

surfaceandsubsurfacesoilsinrelationtosoilfertility.

Forthis,soilsweresampledinspring,summerand

autumnfromShenyangLong-termExperimental

Station,northeasternChina.Theresultsshowedthat

soiltotalnitrogen(N),organiccarbon(C),basal

respiration,microbialbiomassandenzymaticactivity

increasedinmanure-amendedsurfacesoils,but

decreasedwithsoildepth.Long-termapplicationofinorganicfertilizerssignificantlydecreasedsoilpH

value,sucraseactivityandmicrobialbiomassC,but

increasedsoilmetabolicquotient(qCO2).However,

nosignificanteffectofinorganicfertilizersonsoil

totalN,ureaseactivityandmicrobialbiomassNwas

observedincomparisonwithCK0(neithertillagenor

fertilization)andCK(nofertilizers).Therewasno

significantdifferencebetweenCK0andCKinsoil

totalN,organicCandmicrobialactivityinsurface

soillayer(0–20cm),buttheseparametersin

subsurfacesoillayer(20–40cm)werehigherinCK

thaninCK0.Moreover,seasonalchangeswere

observedintermsofsoilnutrientcontents,enzymatic

activity,microbialbiomassandsoilrespiration.There

weresignificantcorrelationsbetweensoilmicrobial

biomassCandN,betweenorganicCandsucrase

activityandbetweentotalNandureaseactivity,

respectively.Itisrecommendedthatcombineduseof

organicmanurewithinorganicfertilizersshouldbe

consideredtomaintainhighermicrobialbiomass,soil

biologicalactivityandsoilfertility.Considering

considerablyhighnutrientsreserveandmicrobial

activityinsubsurfacelayersofsoilandwind-

erosion-causednutrientlossinspringinnorthChina,

wealsoproposethatlowtillageshouldbeconsidered

tomakeuseofnutrientsinsoils.

KeywordsEnzymaticactivity.Microbialbiomass.

OrganicC.Soilfertility.SoilrespirationPlantSoil(2010)326:31–44DOI10.1007/s11104-009-0186-8

ResponsibleEditor:YongguanZhu.

G.Ge:Z.Li:F.Fan:Y.LiangMinistryofAgricultureKeyLaboratoryofCropNutritionandFertilization,InstituteofAgriculturalResourcesandRegionalPlanning,ChineseAcademyofAgriculturalSciences,Beijing100081,People’sRepublicofChina

G.GeCollegeofResourcesandEnvironmentalSciences,NanjingAgriculturalUniversity,Nanjing210095,People’sRepublicofChina

G.Chu:Z.Hou:Y.Liang(*)KeyLaboratoryofOasisEco-Agriculture,CollegeofAgriculture,ShiheziUniversity,Shihezi,Xinjiang832003,People’sRepublicofChinae-mail:ycliang@caas.ac.cnIntroduction

Soilbiologicalactivitymainlyincludingsoilenzymatic

activity,basalrespirationandmicrobialbiomasshasbeen

showntobecloselyrelatedtobothvarioussoilfactors

includingpHvalues,soilorganicmatter,soiltexture,and

modifyingfactorssuchasclimate,soilmoistureandsoil

temperatureregimes(Emmerlingetal.2001;Bastidaet

al.2008).Microbialbiomass,respiration,metabolic

quotient(qCO2,anindexoftherespirationactivityper

biomassunit,CO2-C/MBC)andsoilenzymaticactivi-

tiescanbeutilizedasindicatorsforchangesinsoil

quality(WardleandGhani1995;Rosetal.2003;

Bastidaetal.2008).Enzymesaremainlyfromsoil

microorganisms,anddespitetheirrelativelylow

amounts,playacrucialroleinkeepingnutrientcycling

insoilssuchasC,N,P,andS.Nutrientcyclingis

fundamentalnotonlyforprimaryproductionbutforthe

long-termfunctioningofecosystemsaswell(Doranand

Parkin1996;Aonetal.2001).Inaddition,soil

microbialactivitiesincludingsoilrespiration,microbial

biomass,andsoilATPcontenthavebeenprovedtobe

powerfulindicatorsofsoilquality(Bendingetal.

2004;Gobernaetal.2006;Bastidaetal.2008).Soil

microbialactivityhas,forexample,beenfoundtobea

sensitiveindicatorofsoilagriculturalpractices,input

offertilizers,organicresiduesandcroprotation

(Emmerlingetal.2001;Bendingetal.2004).Soil

respiration,ameasureofsoilmicrobialactivity,is

crucialtoestimatingbiologicalprocessinsoilecosys-

tems(IslanandWeil2000).

Theapplicationofbalancedamountoffertilizersand

manurescouldincreaseenzymaticactivityandsoil

respiration(KanchikerimathandSingh2001;Tuetal.

2006).Organicfertilizersusuallyincreasesoilmicro-

bialbiomass(Kauretal.2005;Liangetal.2003,

2005),CO2evolution,andenzymeactivities(Crecchio

etal.2001;Liangetal.2003).Organicmanure-

stimulatedbiologicalactivityandsoilmicrobialbio-

masshasbeenproventobepositivelycorrelatedwith

improvedsoilfertilityandqualityasindicatedby

highercropbiomassandhigherconcentrationofsoil

availablenutrientsandplantnutrientuptake(Muelleret

al.1998;Bendingetal.2004;Liangetal.2003,2005;

Tuetal.2006).Furthermore,thesebiologicalparam-

eterscanbeusedassensitivebio-indicatorsofsoil

合集下载

托福阅读真题第192篇GraininColonialNorthAmerica（答案文章最后）

托福阅读真题第192篇GraininColonialNorthAmerica（答案文章最后）

托福阅读真题第192篇GraininColonialNorthAmerica（答案文章最后）

Grain in Colonial North America

Paragraph 1：Although the colonists of seventeenth- and

early-eighteenth-century British North America consumed most

of the grain produced in the colonial economy, few households

were self-sufficient. Instead, they traded with their neighbors for

what they did not produce themselves. In any given year, farmers

who produced more grain than they needed would exchange

their surpluses locally with other farmers who had different

surpluses, with local laborers who supported themselves by

selling their labor, or with the local storekeeper, who might also

be the miller (trade person who ground grain into flour).

Satisfying the domestic demand for breadstuff, then, depended

on trade between neighbors. The colonists recorded these

myriad transactions as credits and debts in their individual

新烟碱类杀虫剂哌虫啶在3种典型土壤中的生物有效性

新烟碱类杀虫剂哌虫啶在3种典型土壤中的生物有效性

农业环境科学学报JournalofAgro⁃EnvironmentScience2024，43（2）:254-2612024年2月

谢慧，李金玲，刘瑞源，等.新烟碱类杀虫剂哌虫啶在3种典型土壤中的生物有效性[J].农业环境科学学报,2024,43（2）：254-262.XIEH,LIJL,LIURY,etal.Bioavailabilityofneonicotinoidinsecticidepaichongdinginthreetypicalsoils[J].JournalofAgro-

EnvironmentScience,2024,43（2）：254-262.

新烟碱类杀虫剂哌虫啶在3种典型土壤中的生物有效性

谢慧，李金玲，刘瑞源，王世霖，黄炜，李旭龙，于世亮

（山东农业大学资源与环境学院，山东泰安271018）

Bioavailabilityofneonicotinoidinsecticidepaichongdinginthreetypicalsoils

XIEHui,LIJinling,LIURuiyuan,WANGShilin,HUANGWei,LIXulong,YUShiliang

（CollegeofResourcesandEnvironment,ShandongAgriculturalUniversity,Tai′an271018,China）Abstract：Anin-labsimulationexperimentwasconductedtoinvestigatethedegradationandbioavailabilityofpaichongding,aneonicotinoidinsecticide,inthreesoils.Thetestmodelorganismwastheearthworm（Eiseniafoetida）,whilepaichongdingservedasthe

targetpollutant.Bioaccumulationinearthwormsandindirectbioassaywereusedtoassessthebioavailabilityofpaichongdinginthethree

春夏秋冬四季形成的原因英语作文

春夏秋冬四季形成的原因英语作文

春夏秋冬四季形成的原因

1

The formation of the four seasons - spring, summer, autumn, and

winter - is a fascinating phenomenon that occurs due to the Earth's

revolution around the Sun. The Earth's orbit is not a perfect circle but rather

an ellipse, which causes variations in the distance between the Earth and

the Sun throughout the year. However, this distance variation is not the

main factor determining the seasons.

The key lies in the tilt of the Earth's axis. The Earth is tilted at an angle

of approximately 23.5 degrees. As the Earth orbits the Sun, different parts

of the Earth receive different amounts of sunlight and heat.

For example, when the Northern Hemisphere is tilted towards the Sun,

it experiences summer because it receives more direct sunlight and longer

daylight hours. Meanwhile, the Southern Hemisphere is tilted away from

剑桥雅思真题15-阅读Test 4(附答案)

剑桥雅思真题15-阅读Test 4(附答案)

剑桥雅思真题15-阅读Test 4（附答案）

READING PASSAGE 1

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1–13, which are based on Reading Passage 1

below.

The return of the huarango

The arid valleys of southern Peru are welcoming the return of a native plant

The south coast of Peru is a narrow, 2,000-kilometre-long strip of desert squeezed between the

Andes and the Pacific Ocean. It is also one of the most fragile ecosystems on Earth. It hardly ever

rains there, and the only year-round source of water is located tens of metres below the surface.

This is why the huarango tree is so suited to life there: it has the longest roots of any tree in the

world. They stretch down 50-80 metres and, as well as sucking up water for the tree, they bring it

into the higher subsoil, creating a water source for other plant life.

Dr David Beresford-Jones, archaeobotanist at Cambridge University, has been studying the role of