Localized Asymmetric Atomic Matter Waves in Two-Component Bose-Einstein Condensates Coupled with
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Commun.Theor.Phys.(Beijing,China)49(2008)PP.1225—1228 ⑥Chinese Phyrsical Society Vo1.49,No.5,M.dy 15,2008
Localized Asymmetric Atomic Matter Waves in Two—Component Bose-Einstein
Condensates Coupled with Two-Photon Microwave Field
XIONG Bo Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics,Institute of Physics,the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080,China
(Received January 31,2007)
A bstract We investigate localized atomic matter waves in two-component Bose-Einstein condensates coupled by the two-photon microwave field.Interestingly,the oscillations of localized atomic matter wayes will gradually decay and finally become non—oscillating behavior evell if existing coupling field.In particular,atom numbers occupied in two different hyperfine spin states will appear asymmetric occupations after some time evolution.
PACS numbers:03.75.一b,67.40.一w 39.25.+k Key words:Bose Einstein condensate,Feshbach resonance,soliton,Josephson effect
The creation of dark solitons[1一驯and bright soli—
tons[4,5J in trapped weakly interacting atomic gases has
opened the road to understanding and controlling non—
lineax properties of atomic matter waves. Although
many nonlinear phenomena in Bose—Einstein condensates
fBECs1 may have their counterparts in nonlinear optics,
unique manageability of the properties of BECs,new se— tups can be studied.which were not realized in nonlin—
ear optics.This opens the promising perspective for nu—
merous applications of the nonlinear matter—wave physics
such as atom chip and quantum information processing
on the nanometer scale.The 8一wave scattering interac— tion in the BECs is the determining factor f attractive for
bright solitons,repulsive for dark solitons)and attractive interaction leads to condensates collapse in effc:ctive two—
and three—dimensional cases if the atomic number exceeds
a critical value.and to soliton formation in quasi one—
dimensional(1D)traps.In the quasi一1D regime,two con— densates in difierent hyperfine states reduce to coupled Gross Pitaevskii equations fGPEs1.[6,7]In the system of
optically coupled two—component BECs.some beautiful workt8—10]has discussed Josephson—type density evolution
process and pointed out the internal tunnelling effects of
the two optically coupled condensates.
In the present letter.we consider two-component
Bose Einstein condensates coupled by two-photon mi—
crowave field.Using the soliton as staring spatial pattern
formation,we study dynamic behavior of two—components condensate under tuning atomic interactions. Surpris—
ingly,the spatial shape of condensates presents very lo—
calized all the time even if changing the atomic int.er—
actions.During the transmission process two localized
atomic matter waves will collide each other many times
and exchange energy greatly.In particular,oscillations of
atom numbers of two components are very unstable and
will periodically decay to zero,and the speed of decay
can also be controlled through tuning atomic interactions. Moreover.atom numbers occupied in two difierent hyper—
fine spin states will appear asymmetric occupations in the
end.
Experimentally the bright solitons have been success—
f1lllv produced from Li atoms in the internal atomic hy—
perfine spin state lF=1,my=1). J Theoretically,
we consider two difierent hyperfine spin states with at—
tractive interactions denoted as 】and 2,respectively.
The ratio of the radial and the axial trapping frequen—
cies of harmonic potential obeys∽r z》1、for example{
r/ 2—5.1×103【 J so two hyperfine spin states are both
in the transverse ground state.The condensate wave func—
tion is normalized as.r dr(1 ̄ll +l 212)=Ⅳ1+Ⅳ2一N,
where N is the total number of atom in two components.
The attractjve intra-and jnter—atomjc jnteractions are
t (i,J 一47r危 la.1lV ̄l /m and j 1,2),where—laiil and 一47r危 [aijll tl /m
。 l are the intra—
species and inter—species s—wave scattering lengths." is
the atomic mass of the Li atom. In one—dimensional
case the effective couplings i and j are represented by i=一2危 l0iill il /m ̄and j=一2h [aijll il /m0 2
where 0r=、//危/m r.…After tuning the strength of in-
teraction to a sufficiently large negative value through use of atomic Feshbach resonance.[12,13]the condensates can
be set free along the waveguide,i.e., 2=0.The atomic
transition between two—component BECs is induced by the two—photon microwave field with the effective Rabi
frequency Q and a finite detune .where the Q and axe
independent of both time and axial coordinate as experi— menta1 case.[14]
In view of the difierence of inter—and intra—atomic in—
teractions,it is convenient to describe the two—component