Localized Asymmetric Atomic Matter Waves in Two-Component Bose-Einstein Condensates Coupled with

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Commun.Theor.Phys.(Beijing,China)49(2008)PP.1225—1228 ⑥Chinese Phyrsical Society Vo1.49,No.5,M.dy 15,2008 

Localized Asymmetric Atomic Matter Waves in Two—Component Bose-Einstein 

Condensates Coupled with Two-Photon Microwave Field 

XIONG Bo Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics,Institute of Physics,the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080,China 

(Received January 31,2007) 

A bstract We investigate localized atomic matter waves in two-component Bose-Einstein condensates coupled by the two-photon microwave field.Interestingly,the oscillations of localized atomic matter wayes will gradually decay and finally become non—oscillating behavior evell if existing coupling field.In particular,atom numbers occupied in two different hyperfine spin states will appear asymmetric occupations after some time evolution. 

PACS numbers:03.75.一b,67.40.一w 39.25.+k Key words:Bose Einstein condensate,Feshbach resonance,soliton,Josephson effect 

The creation of dark solitons[1一驯and bright soli— 

tons[4,5J in trapped weakly interacting atomic gases has 

opened the road to understanding and controlling non— 

lineax properties of atomic matter waves. Although 

many nonlinear phenomena in Bose—Einstein condensates 

fBECs1 may have their counterparts in nonlinear optics, 

unique manageability of the properties of BECs,new se— tups can be studied.which were not realized in nonlin— 

ear optics.This opens the promising perspective for nu— 

merous applications of the nonlinear matter—wave physics 

such as atom chip and quantum information processing 

on the nanometer scale.The 8一wave scattering interac— tion in the BECs is the determining factor f attractive for 

bright solitons,repulsive for dark solitons)and attractive interaction leads to condensates collapse in effc:ctive two— 

and three—dimensional cases if the atomic number exceeds 

a critical value.and to soliton formation in quasi one— 

dimensional(1D)traps.In the quasi一1D regime,two con— densates in difierent hyperfine states reduce to coupled Gross Pitaevskii equations fGPEs1.[6,7]In the system of 

optically coupled two—component BECs.some beautiful workt8—10]has discussed Josephson—type density evolution 

process and pointed out the internal tunnelling effects of 

the two optically coupled condensates. 

In the present letter.we consider two-component 

Bose Einstein condensates coupled by two-photon mi— 

crowave field.Using the soliton as staring spatial pattern 

formation,we study dynamic behavior of two—components condensate under tuning atomic interactions. Surpris— 

ingly,the spatial shape of condensates presents very lo— 

calized all the time even if changing the atomic int.er— 

actions.During the transmission process two localized 

atomic matter waves will collide each other many times 

and exchange energy greatly.In particular,oscillations of 

atom numbers of two components are very unstable and 

will periodically decay to zero,and the speed of decay 

can also be controlled through tuning atomic interactions. Moreover.atom numbers occupied in two difierent hyper— 

fine spin states will appear asymmetric occupations in the 

end. 

Experimentally the bright solitons have been success— 

f1lllv produced from Li atoms in the internal atomic hy— 

perfine spin state lF=1,my=1). J Theoretically, 

we consider two difierent hyperfine spin states with at— 

tractive interactions denoted as 】and 2,respectively. 

The ratio of the radial and the axial trapping frequen— 

cies of harmonic potential obeys∽r z》1、for example{ 

r/ 2—5.1×103【 J so two hyperfine spin states are both 

in the transverse ground state.The condensate wave func— 

tion is normalized as.r dr(1 ̄ll +l 212)=Ⅳ1+Ⅳ2一N, 

where N is the total number of atom in two components. 

The attractjve intra-and jnter—atomjc jnteractions are 

t (i,J 一47r危 la.1lV ̄l /m and j 1,2),where—laiil and 一47r危 [aijll tl /m 

。 l are the intra— 

species and inter—species s—wave scattering lengths." is 

the atomic mass of the Li atom. In one—dimensional 

case the effective couplings i and j are represented by i=一2危 l0iill il /m ̄and j=一2h [aijll il /m0 2 

where 0r=、//危/m r.…After tuning the strength of in- 

teraction to a sufficiently large negative value through use of atomic Feshbach resonance.[12,13]the condensates can 

be set free along the waveguide,i.e., 2=0.The atomic 

transition between two—component BECs is induced by the two—photon microwave field with the effective Rabi 

frequency Q and a finite detune .where the Q and axe 

independent of both time and axial coordinate as experi— menta1 case.[14] 

In view of the difierence of inter—and intra—atomic in— 

teractions,it is convenient to describe the two—component