“介词 + 关系代词”考点归纳
余明朝陕西省商南县高级中学
定语从句是高中英语重点语法项目之一, 也是高考必考项目之一。纵观近几年的高考，不难发现“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句是考查的热点。下面就该结构引导的定语从句作一归纳总结，以便于考生更好地把握。
一、考点归纳：
1. 用于这种结构的关系代词一般为which（指物）或whom（指人）, 有时也用whose （指人或物）。注意：介词后面不能跟关系代词that或who。如：
He will pay a visit to the house in which he was born twenty years ago.
他要去参观20年前他出生的那座房子。
The gentleman about whom you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.
你昨天跟我讲的那位先生没想到是小偷。
We entered the room, from whose window we could see the tower clearly.
我们进了房间，从窗户处能清楚地看到宝塔。
2. 选用“介词+ 关系代词”结构中的介词时，要根据不同的语境、词组搭配、习语、惯用法等来决定,归纳起来介词的选择主要依据如下几点：
①介词与定语从句的先行词是一种习惯性搭配。如：
The farm on which I once worked has taken on a new look．(on the farm)
In his room, we saw a big table on which there were all kinds of books.（on the table）
Yesterday we had a meeting at which we discussed many problems. (at the meeting)
②介词与从句中动词是一种习惯性搭配。如：
Who is the man with whom our teacher is shaking hands？(shake hands with sb)
Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from whose effects the people are still suffering. (suffer from sth)
③介词与定语从句中的形容词一起构成一种习惯性的短语,如：
Ours is a beautiful country，of which we are greatly proud．(be proud of)
The woman to whom Spielberg is married is an actress.（be married to）
The west lake, for which Hang Zhou is famous, is a beautiful place.（be famous for）
④有时关系代词前用什么介词，要根据句子的意思来决定, 此时不但要注意其前的搭配也要注意其后的搭配。
Water is very important for us without which we can’t live.
He was educated at the local high school, after which he went on to Beijing University.
Mark was a student at his university from 1999 to 2003, during which time he studied very hard and was made chairman of the Students’ Union.
3．“介词+关系代词”结构中，介词可以提前，放在which或者whom 之前，也可放在原来的位置，但在含有介词的动词固定短语中，由于动词和介词的关系比较紧密，一般不将介词与动词拆开。这类短语动词如：listen to / look at / depend on / take care of / look into / break into / get rid of / look forward to等。例如：
This is the room which / that Lu Xun used to live in．
＝This is the room in which Lu Xun used to live．
The man who / whom / that I talked about at the meeting is form Beijing University．
＝The man about whom I talked at the meeting is form Beijing University．
但是在下列句子中的介词不可以提前：
This is the boy whom she has taken care of.
这就是那个她照顾的非常好的男孩。
That is a problem we should pay close attention to.
这是一个我们应该密切关注的问题。
The boy (whom) my sister is looking after is getting better.
我姐姐照顾的男孩有好转。
The river, which we depend on for our drinking water, has been seriously polluted.
河流被严重污染，我们的饮用水可全靠它呢。
4. “介词of+关系代词”前可有名词、数词(含基数词，序数词，分数和百分数）、代词（含
all, both, most, none, neither, either, some, any等）、形容词比较级或最高级修饰。如:
I live in a room , the window of which opens to the south.
我住在一间窗户朝南开的屋子里。
There are sixty students in our class，all of whom are working hard.
班上有60 名学生，他们都在努力学习。
We have three foreign teachers, two of whom are from Canada.
我们有3个外教，其中的两位是加拿大人。
There are two buildings, the larger of which stands nearly a hundred feet high.
有两栋楼房，其中大点儿的那栋将近100米高。
There are sixty students in the class，the tallest of whom is Li Ming.
班上有六十名学生，其中最高的是李明。
5. 关系代词whose引导的定语从句常可转换成“of which / whom+名词”或“名词+of
which / whom”引导的定语从句。如：
The river, whose banks are covered with thick trees, flows to the sea.
= The river, of which the banks are covered with thick trees, flows to the sea.
= The river, the banks of which are covered with thick trees, flows to the sea.
这条河流向大海，河的堤岸被茂密的森林覆盖。
He has recently made a table, whose surface is quite smooth.
= He has recently made a table, the surface of which is quite smooth.
= He has recently made a table, of which the surface is quite smooth.
最近他做了张桌子，桌面很光滑。
6.“介词+whose”修饰后面的名词。如:
He is the very man in whose pocket I found my lost money.
他就是那个我在他的口袋里找出我丢掉的钱的人。
The boss in whose department Mr. King worked had heard about the accident.
金先生工作所在的部门领导已经听人说过这一意外事故。
7. “介词+which”引导的定语从句可紧缩成“介词+which +不定式”结构。如:
He found something about which to write (=he could write).
他发现有些事是可以写的。
He has saved another thousand dollars with which to support his family（= he could support his family）.
他又攒了一千块钱，用这些钱他可以养活他的家庭。
At the back of the house the children had a garden in which to play (=they could play).
房子后面，孩子们有个可以玩耍的花园。
