语法

英语简单句5种基本基本句型：

1.主 + 谓（不及物动词）(表示主语的动作) The birds are flying./ The rain stopped./They

are talking./Spring is coming./ The accident happened yesterday afternoon. Whatever you

did is right./ Who will be our monitor hasn't been decided yet./ What we need are good

doctors.

2.主 + 谓（及物动词）宾 Dogs like bones./ The boy needs a pen./I received

a letter

yesterday. I don’t know if there will be a bus any more./ he told me that he would go to

college next year./ Can you tell me when there is a meeting./ how I can get there.(陈述语序)

3.主 + 谓（及物动词）直宾+间宾(如果一个句子中的某一个动词接了两个宾语，那么，指“人”的是间接宾语，指“物”的为直接宾语。而且，这两个宾语不能形成逻辑上的主谓关系，如，你不能说 I am a book.)(间接宾语也被称之为第二宾语，去掉之后，对整个句子的影响不大)Mum bought me a book.

4.主 + 谓（及物动词）宾+ 宾补(补语：补充主语和宾语的意义)(宾语与宾语补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系或主表关系，若无宾语补足语，则句意不够完整。) He makes me laugh./

The sun keeps us warm./I heard him singing./They made Tom monitor.

5.主 + 谓（系动词） +表语(说明主语的特征，类属，状态，身份等)(系动词后的表语也称为主语补语) The flower looks beautiful./The cake tastes delicious./ My sister is thirty years

old./They are honest./It’s fine today. The question is when he can arrive at the hotel./ That

is what I want to tell you. （陈述语序）

定语（修饰限定名词）a red apple/a beautiful girl/ Children who live by the sea usually begin

to swim at an early age./A man who sells books in a shop is called a bookseller.

状语（副词、介词短语、,不定式，分词和从句）(修饰动词，形容词，副词及整句)She studied

hard./It’s quite cold outside./ We worked hard , from sunrise to sunset .

1.时间状语从句While John was watching TV, his wife was cooking./As she was walking in

the park, she heard a girl singing.

2.地点状语从句Wherever you go, you should work hard.

3.原因状语从句My friends dislike me because I’m handsome and successful./ Now that

everybody has come, let’s begin our conference./As he is ill, he can’t

come to the meeting./Since you ask, I will tell you.

4.条件状语从句If it doesn't rain tomorrow, we will go to the zoo.

固定搭配：unless = if...not. 如. Let's go out for a walk unless you are too tired.

If you are not too tired, let's go out for a walk.

if 引导的条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种:

真实条件句，如：If it rains tomorrow, we won’t go on a picnic.

非真实条件句是虚拟语气的一种，表示与事实相反，如：

If I were you, I would go with him.

5.目的状语从句Say it louder(so)that everyone can hear you.

6.让步状语从句Although/Though he is very old, he is quite strong. /Fast as you read, you

can’t finish the book so soon.

7结果状语从句.( 常由so… that或 such…that引导) The boy is so young that he can't go

to school./ He is such a young boy that he can't go to school

8.方式状语从句 Let’s study as Lei Feng studied. / He talks as if/though he is drunk.

9. 比较状语从句(通常由as或than引起，这类从句和大多数状语从句不同，它们不修饰动词，而是修饰as，so，less，more等副词，或其他比较级的词，如 taller， harder．)He works as hard as his brother（does）/She is taller than I（or me）

同位语Mr. Smith, our new teacher, is very kind to us./ He told me that his brother John is a

world-famous doctor./ We Chinese people are brave and hardworking.

同位语从句：（解释补充）The plan that you will go there next week has to be changed./The plan

that I’ll stay there for a week can’t come true.

(hope, plan, fact, news, problem, truth, idea, information同位语从句介绍这些名词的内容)

定语从句：（修饰限定）The news that he told me was false.

倒装

主语和谓语交换位置为全部倒装In front of the house stopped a police car./ There lived an old

man. /Here comes the bus./ Under the tree sat a boy.

助动词或情态动词提至主语之前，谓语动词位置不变，即为部分倒装.否定意义的词放句首用部分倒装。Never shall I forget you./ Not until yesterday did little John change his mind

虚拟

1.条件从句有3种从句（现在过去将来）和错综与倒装。

表示与现在事实相反的情况：

从句：If 主语+过去时(Be动词必须用were)主句：主句+should/would/could/might+do

If I were you, I would take an umbrella./ If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you.

表示与过去事实相反的情况

从句：If 主语+had+done 主句：主语+should/would/could/might+have done

If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her.(事实：去晚了)

表示对将来情况的主观推测

主句：主语+should/would/could/might+do

从句：①if+主语+were to do ②if+主语+should/would/could/might+do

③if+主语+did（动词过去式）/were

If he should come here tomorrow, I would talk to him. （事实：来的可能性很小）

If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating.（事实下雪可能性很小）

if 省略句 在条件句中可省略if, 把were, had, should提到句首，变为倒装句式。例如：

If I were you, I would take his advice. →Were I you, I would take his advice.

If he had been in your position, he’d probably have done the same.

→Had he been in your position, you’d probably have done the same..

错综虚拟语气（混合虚拟语气）

当条件句是表示对过去的虚拟，而主句表示对现在的虚拟，则用错综虚拟语气

If you had followed your advice, you would be better now.

If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student.

2.should有4种动词（一坚持(insist)，二命令(order, command)，三建议(advise, suggest,

propose)，四要求(demand, desire, require, request)和名词性从句（It’s necessary /important

/strange /natural/ essential that +从句，或者在suggestion, proposal, order, idea, advice等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中用虚拟语气，从句中的谓语动词“should”可以省略）。They insisted