5、Current Source Inverter Fed Drives

50
[%]
0 0.01 -50 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06
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© ABB Switzerland Ltd. MV Drives Ltd - 38
-150 Time [s] Motor torque Torque reference Phase A current Phase C current
Phase-to-phase voltage
I I
w_ph_mot u
FUNCTION EARTH (FE)
ACS 5000
Main Power Supply Auxiliary Power Supply MCB (Standard) (Pre)Trip Open/Close
Control Interface Options: - Oil level Alarm - Overtemp /FLT/Alarm - Gas relay /FLT/Alarm - Transformer supervision FLT/Alarm
6.9 kV EMC
Motor
1U 1V 1W
(dv/dt)
IM
Options for control Interface:
T
- Tacometer - Winding Temp /FLT/Alarm - Bearing Supervision /FLT/Alarm - Cond. Water Det. - Space Heater FB - Cooling Fans FB
Chemical, Oil and Gas Marine Metals Pulp and Paper
© ABB Switzerland Ltd. MV Drives Ltd - 6

Assume a pure inertia type load and the motor initially operating at point 1. A small step increase in command frequency will initially move the operating point to point 2 (the rated torque) and then steadily increase to point 3. The frequency can then be decreased slightly to achieve the steady state operating point 4. All of these transitions are done in a gradual manner to prevent the machine from becoming unstable. Decrementing the frequency command in a step will shift the operating point from 1 to 5 due to a negatively developed torque.
Open Loop Volts/Hz Control of a Voltage-Fed Inverter
Three regions of operation for the induction motor are possible: 1) Holds slip speed constant and regulates stator current to obtain constant torque. 2) Holds stator voltages at its rated value and regulates stator current to obtain constant power. 3) Holds stator voltage at its rated value and regulates slip speed just below its pull-out torque value.

Variable-frequency driveA v ariable-frequency drive (VFD)is a system for controlling the rotational speed of an alternating current (AC) electric motor by controlling the frequency of the electrical power supplied to the motor. A variable frequency drive is a specific type of adjustable-speed drive. Variable-frequency drives are also known as adjustable-frequency drives (AFD), variable-speed drives (VSD), AC drives, microdrives or inverter drives. Since the voltage is varied along with frequency, these are sometimes also called VVVF (v ariable voltage variable frequency) drives.v ariable-frequency drive1 VFD typesAll VFDs use their output devices (IGBTs, transistors, thyristors) only as switches, turning them only on or off. Using a linear device such as a transistor in its linear mode is impractical for a VFD drive, since the power dissipated in the drive devices would be about as much as the power delivered to the load.Drives can be classified as:Constant voltageConstant currentCycloconverterIn a constant voltage converter, the intermediate DC link voltage remains approximately constant during each output cycle. In constant current drives, a large inductor is placed between the input rectifier and the output bridge, so the currentdelivered is nearly constant. A cycloconverter has no input rectifier or DC link and instead connects each output terminal to the appropriate input phase.The most common type of packaged VF drive is the constant-voltage type, using pulse width modulation to control both the frequency and effective voltage applied to the motor load.2 VFD system descriptionA variable frequency drive system generally consists of an AC motor, a controller and an operator interface.2.1 VFD motorThe motor used in a VFD system is usually a three-phase induction motor. Some types of single-phase motors can be used, but three-phase motors are usually preferred. Various types of synchronous motors offer advantages in some situations, but induction motors are suitable for most purposes and are generally the most economical choice. Motors that are designed for fixed-speed operation are often used. Certain enhancements to the standard motor designs offer higher reliability and better VFD performance, such as MG-31 rated motors.2.2 VFD controllerVariable frequency drive controllers are solid state electronic power conversion devices. The usual design first converts AC input power to DC intermediate power using a rectifier or converter bridge. The rectifier is usually a three-phase, full-wave-diode bridge. The DC intermediate power is then converted to quasi-sinusoidal AC power using an inverter switching circuit. The inverter circuit is probably the most important section of the VFD, changing DC energy into three channels of AC energy that can be used by an AC motor. These units provide improved power factor, less harmonic distortion, and low sensitivity to the incoming phase sequencing than older phase controlled converter VFD's. Since incoming power is converted to DC, many units will accept single-phase as well as three-phase input power (acting as a phase converter as well as a speed controller); however the unit must be derated when using single phase input as only part of the rectifier bridge is carrying the connected load.As new types of semiconductor switches have been introduced, these have promptly been applied to inverter circuits at all voltage and current ratings for which suitable devices are available. Introduced in the 1980s, the insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) became the device used in most VFD inverter circuits in the first decade of the 21st century.AC motor characteristics require the applied voltage to be proportionally adjusted whenever the frequency is changed in order to deliver the rated torque. For example, if a motor is designed to operate at 460 volts at 60 Hz, the applied voltage must be reduced to 230 volts when the frequency is reduced to 30 Hz. Thus the ratio of volts per hertz must be regulated to a constant value (460/60 = 7.67 V/Hz in this case). For optimum performance, some further voltage adjustment may be necessary especially at low speeds, but constant volts per hertz is the general rule. This ratio can be changed in order to change the torque delivered by the motor.In addition to this simple volts per hertz control more advanced control methods such as vector control and direct torque control (DTC) exist. These methods adjust the motor voltage in such a way that the magnetic flux and mechanical torque of the motor can be precisely controlled.The usual method used to achieve variable motor voltage is pulse-width modulation (PWM). With PWM voltage control, the inverter switches are used to construct a quasi-sinusoidal output waveform by a series of narrow voltage pulses with pseudosinusoidal varying pulse durations.Operation of the motors above rated name plate speed (base speed) is possible, but is limited to conditions that do not require more power than nameplate rating of the motor. This is sometimes called "field weakening" and, for AC motors, means operating at less than rated volts/hertz and above rated name plate speed. Permanent magnet synchronous motors have quite limited field weakening speed range due to the constant magnet flux linkage. Wound rotor synchronous motors and induction motors have much wider speed range. For example, a 100 hp, 460 V, 60 Hz, 1775 RPM (4 pole) induction motor supplied with 460 V, 75 Hz (6.134 V/Hz), would be limited to 60/75 = 80% torque at 125% speed (2218.75 RPM) = 100% power. At higher speeds the induction motor torque has to be limited further due to the lowering of the breakaway torque of the motor. Thus rated power can be typically produced only up to 130...150 % of the rated name plate speed. Wound rotor synchronous motors can be run even higher speeds. In rolling mill drives often 200...300 % of the base speed is used. Naturally the mechanical strength of the rotor and lifetime of the bearings is also limiting the maximum speed of the motor. It is recommended to consult the motor manufacturer if more than 150 % speed is required by the application.PWM VFD Output V oltage WaveformAn embedded microprocessor governs the overall operation of the VFD controller. The main microprocessor programming is in firmware that is inaccessible to the VFD user. However, some degree of configuration programming and parameter adjustment is usually provided so that the user can customize the VFD controller to suit specific motor and driven equipment requirements.2.3 VFD operator interfaceThe operator interface provides a means for an operator to start and stop the motor and adjust the operating speed. Additional operator control functions might include reversing and switching between manual speed adjustment and automatic control from an external process control signal. The operator interface often includes an alphanumeric display and/or indication lights and meters to provide information about the operation of the drive. An operator interface keypad and display unit is often provided on the front of the VFD controller as shown in the photograph above. The keypad display can often be cable-connected and mounted a short distance from the VFD controller. Most are also provided with input and output (I/O) terminals for connecting pushbuttons, switches and other operator interface devices or control signals. A serial communications port is also often available to allow the VFD to be configured, adjusted, monitored and controlled using a computer.[8][14][15]3 VFD operationWhen an induction motor is connected to a full voltage supply, it draws several times (up to about 6 times) its rated current. As the load accelerates, the available torque usually drops a little and then rises to a peak while the current remains very high until the motor approaches full speed.By contrast, when a VFD starts a motor, it initially applies a low frequency and voltage to the motor. The starting frequency is typically 2 Hz or less. Thus starting at such a low frequency avoids the high inrush current that occurs when a motor is started by simply applying the utility (mains) voltage by turning on a switch. After the start of the VFD, the applied frequency and voltage are increased at a controlled rate or ramped up to accelerate the load without drawing excessive current. This starting method typically allows a motor to develop 150% of its rated torque while the VFD is drawing less than 50% of its rated current from the mains in the low speed range. A VFD can be adjusted to produce a steady 150% starting torque from standstill right up to full speed. Note, however, that cooling of themotor is usually not good in the low speed range. Thus running at low speeds even with rated torque for long periods is not possible due to overheating of the motor. If continuous operation with high torque is required in low speeds an external fan is usually needed. The manufacturer of the motor and/or the VFD should specify the cooling requirements for this mode of operation.In principle, the current on the motor side is in direct proportion of the torque that is generated and the voltage on the motor is in direct proportion of the actual speed, while on the network side, the voltage is constant, thus the current on line side is in direct proportion of the power drawn by the motor, that is U.I or C.N where C is torque and N the speed of the motor (we shall consider losses as well, neglected in this explanation).With a VFD, the stopping sequence is just the opposite as the starting sequence. The frequency and voltage applied to the motor are ramped down at a controlled rate. When the frequency approaches zero, the motor is shut off. A small amount of braking torque is available to help decelerate the load a little faster than it would stop if the motor were simply switched off and allowed to coast. Additional braking torque can be obtained by adding a braking circuit (resistor controlled by a transistor) to dissipate the braking energy. With 4-quadrants rectifiers (active-front-end), the VFD is able to brake the load by applying a reverse torque and reverting the energy back to the network.4 Power line harmonicsWhile PWM allows for nearly sinusoidal currents to be applied to a motor load, the diode rectifier of the VFD takes roughly square-wave current pulses out of the AC grid, creating harmonic distortion in the power line voltage. When the VFD load size is small and the available utility power is large, the effects of VFD systems slicing small chunks out of AC grid generally go unnoticed. Further, in low voltage networks the harmonics caused by single phase equipment such as computers and TVs are such that they are partially cancelled by three-phase diode bridge harmonics.However, when either a large number of low-current VFDs, or just a few very large-load VFDs are used, they can have a cumulative negative impact on the AC voltages available to other utility customers in the same grid.When the utility voltage becomes misshapen and distorted the losses in other loads such as normal AC motors are increased. This may in the worst case lead to overheating and shorter operation life. Also substation transformers andcompensation capacitors are affected, the latter especially if resonances are aroused by the harmonics.In order to limit the voltage distortion the owner of the VFDs may be required to install filtering equipment to smooth out the irregular waveform. Alternately, the utility may choose to install filtering equipment of its own at substations affected by the large amount of VFD equipment being used. In high power installations decrease of the harmonics can be obtained by supplying the VSDs from transformers that have different phase shift.Further, it is possible to use instead of the diode rectifier a similar transistor circuit that is used to control the motor. This kind of rectifier is called active infeed converter in IEC standards. However, manufacturers call it by several names such as active rectifier, ISU (IGBT Supply Unit), AFE (Active Front End) or four quadrant rectifier. With PWM control of the transistors and filter inductors in the supply lines the AC current can be made nearly sinusoidal. Even better attenuation of the harmonics can be obtained by using an LCL (inductor-capacitor-inductor) filter instead of single three-phase filter inductor.Additional advantage of the active infeed converter over the diode bridge is its ability to feed back the energy from the DC side to the AC grid. Thus no braking resistor is needed and the efficiency of the drive is improved if the drive is frequently required to brake the motor.5 Application considerationsThe output voltage of a PWM VFD consists of a train of pulses switched at the carrier frequency. Because of the rapid rise time of these pulses, transmission line effects of the cable between the drive and motor must be considered. Since the transmission-line impedance of the cable and motor are different, pulses tend to reflect back from the motor terminals into the cable. The resulting voltages can produce up to twice the rated line voltage for long cable runs, putting high stress on the cable and motor winding and eventual insulation failure. Increasing the cable or motor size/type for long runs and 480v or 600v motors will help offset the stresses imposed upon the equipment due to the VFD (modern 230v single phase motors not effected). At 460 V, the maximum recommended cable distances between VFDs and motors can vary by a factor of 2.5:1. The longer cables distances are allowed at the lower Carrier Switching Frequencies (CSF) of 2.5 kHz. The lower CSF can produce audible noise at the motors. For applications requiring long motor cables VSD manufacturers usually offer du/dt filters that decrease thesteepness of the pulses. For very long cables or old motors with insufficient winding insulation more efficient sinus filter is recommended. Expect the older motor's life to shorten. Purchase VFD rated motors for the application.Further, the rapid rise time of the pulses may cause trouble with the motor bearings. The stray capacitance of the windings provide paths for high frequency currents that close through the bearings. If the voltage between the shaft and the shield of the motor exceeds few volts the stored charge is discharged as a small spark. Repeated sparking causes erosion in the bearing surface that can be seen as fluting pattern. In order to prevent sparking the motor cable should provide a low impedance return path from the motor frame back to the inverter. Thus it is essential to use a cable designed to be used with VSDs.In big motors a slip ring with brush can be used to provide a bypass path for the bearing currents. Alternatively isolated bearings can be used.The 2.5 kHz and 5 kHz CSFs cause fewer motor bearing problems than the 20 kHz CSFs. Shorter cables are recommended at the higher CSF of 20 kHz. The minimum CSF for synchronize tracking of multiple conveyors is 8 kHz.The high frequency current ripple in the motor cables may also cause interference with other cabling in the building. This is another reason to use a motor cable designed for VSDs that has a symmetrical three-phase structure and good shielding. Further, it is highly recommended to route the motor cables as far away from signal cables as possible.6 Available VFD power ratingsVariable frequency drives are available with voltage and current ratings to match the majority of 3-phase motors that are manufactured for operation from utility (mains) power. VFD controllers designed to operate at 111 V to 690 V are often classified as low voltage units. Low voltage units are typically designed for use with motors rated to deliver 0.2 kW or 1/4 horsepower (hp) up to several megawatts. For example, the largest ABB ACS800 single drives are rated for 5.6 MW . Medium voltage VFD controllers are designed to operate at 2,400/4,162 V (60 Hz), 3,000 V (50 Hz) or up to 10 kV. In some applications a step up transformer is placed between a low voltage drive and a medium voltage load. Medium voltage units are typically designed for use with motors rated to deliver 375 kW or 500 hp and above. Medium voltage drives rated above 7 kV and 5,000 or 10,000 hp should probably be considered to be one-of-a-kind (one-off) designs.Medium voltage drives are generally rated amongst the following voltages : 2,3 KV - 3,3 Kv - 4 Kv - 6 Kv - 11 Kv.The in-between voltages are generally possible as well. The power of MV drives is generally in the range of 0,3 to 100 MW however involving a range a several different type of drives with different technologies.7 Dynamic brakingUsing the motor as a generator to absorb energy from the system is called dynamic braking. Dynamic braking stops the system more quickly than coasting. Since dynamic braking requires relative motion of the motor's parts, it becomes less effective at low speed and cannot be used to hold a load at a stopped position. During normal braking of an electric motor the electrical energy produced by the motor is dissipated as heat inside of the rotor, which increases the likelihood of damage and eventual failure. Therefore, some systems transfer this energy to an outside bank of resistors. Cooling fans may be used to protect the resistors from damage. Modern systems have thermal monitoring, so if the temperature of the bank becomes excessive, it will be switched off.8 Regenerative variable-frequency drivesRegenerative AC drives have the capacity to recover the braking energy of an overhauling load and return it to the power system.Line regenerative variable frequency drives, showing capacitors(top cylinders)and inductors attached which filter the regenerated power.Cycloconverters and current-source inverters inherently allow return of energy from the load to the line; voltage-source inverters require an additional converter to return energy to the supply.Regeneration is only useful in variable-frequency drives where the value of the recovered energy is large compared to the extra cost of a regenerative system and if the system requires frequent braking and starting. An example would be use in conveyor belt during manufacturing where it should stop for every few minutes, so that the parts can be assembled correctly and moves on. Another example is a crane, where the hoist motor stops and reverses frequently, and braking is required to slow the load during lowering. Regenerative variable-frequency drives are widely used where speed control of overhauling loads is required.9 Brushless DC motor drivesMuch of the same logic contained in large, powerful VFDs is also embedded in small brushless DC motors such as those commonly used in computer fans. Inthis case, the chopper usually converts a low DC voltage (such as 12 volts) to the three-phase current used to drive the electromagnets that turn the permanent magnet rotor.。

—TECHNIC AL C ATALOGMedium voltage AC drives ABB industrial drivesACS2000, 300 to 3000 HP, 4kV—The flexibility you require. The reliability you expect.03 ACS2000 Technical Catalog—Table of contentsFeatures and benefits (05)ACS2000 4kV Technical data (06)Direct-to-line, low harmonic drives (06)Direct-to-line, regenerative drives (07)Drive options (8)Drive Services (11)Technical specifications (12)Dimensional Drawings (17)4kV, direct to line Frame 1 (17)4kV, direct to line Frame 2 (19)4kV, direct to line Frame 3 (21)Trademarks• DriveWindow® is a registered trademark of ABB• Modbus® is a registered trademark of Schneider Electric• PROFIBUS® is a registered trademark of Profibus International• ControlNet™ is a registered trademark of ControlNet International, LTD.• DeviceNet™ is a trademark of the Open DeviceNet® Vendor Association.04ACS2000 Technical Catalog—ACS2000 medium voltage driveThe ACS2000 is designed for highreliability, easy installation and fastcommissioning, reducing the totalcost of ownership.With the integration of an Active Front End (AFE) combined with multilevel control, the ACS2000 is an Ultra Low Harmonic (ULH) design that minimizes line side harmonics without the use of expensive, specialized transformers with the added benefit of a smaller overall package.With its compact packaging, the ACS2000 can be retrofitted to control standard induction motors via a direct connection to the line supply (direct-to-line). Alternatively, a simple two winding input isolation transformer can be applied to allow for connection to various line side supply voltages.The ACS2000 direct-to-line configuration combines the cost savings of a transformer-less variable speed drive system with the benefits of Voltage Source Inverters (VSIs), including excellent availability and reliability, high and constant power factor and superior dynamic control performance.The heritage of ABB’s VSI topology, along with a patented HV-Key product features• Suitable for use with or without an input isolation transformer• Meets IEEE 519 and IEC 61000-2-4• Direct-to-line configuration (transformer-less) allows 3 in and 3 out power cabling for quick and easy installation• Multi-level switching topology and built-in dV/dt filtering enables use with new or existing induction motors• Regenerative option and ability to maintain near unity power factor across the entire speed range provides additional energy savings• Modular construction provides high reliability and low maintenance costs• Configurable disconnect option package for a flexible, selfcontained switchgear solution05 ACS2000 Technical Catalog—Features and benefitsFeatures Advantages BenefitsOperation without transformer (direct-to-line)No transformer required Reduces capital expenditure, light weight, compactEasy retrofit to fixed-speed motors Minimizes investmentEasy and fast commissioning Reduces overall cost of projectCompact and light drive system Lowers transportation costs; less space required inelectrical roomActive Front End (AFE)Ultra low harmonic (ULH) footprint Harmonic emissions compliant with all relevantstandardsAllows operation with an input isolationtransformer or for direct connection to the linesupplyFlexibility of installationEnergy savingsMaintains near unity power factor across the entire speed range Reduces energy loss in distribution system, avoiding utility penalties and the need for larger cablesRegenerative braking option Minimizes energy consumptionMultilevel topologyPatented multilevel topology Low parts count boosts drive availabilityProvides near sinusoidal current and voltagewaveformsCompatible with standard new or existing motors Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) topologyExcellent availability, reliability and efficiency Higher uptime of plant or processHigh and constant power factor Eliminates utility penaltiesSuperior dynamic control performance Safe ride through during supply voltage dips andbetter process controlDirect Torque Control (DTC)Precise and reliable process control with superiorperformanceHigher productivityCompact sizeRequires less space in electrical room Frees up valuable floorspace06ACS2000 Technical Catalog—4kV Technical dataDirect-to-line, low harmonic drivesMotor data *Converter data Converter length and weight (approx. values)Direct-to-line For operation withexternal transformer Normal data Heavy data Type code Power Length1Weight Length WeightP N INPhdIhdkVA in(mm)lbs(kg)in(mm)lbs(kg)hp (kW)A hp(kW)A4,000 - 4,160 V **300 (224)40220(164)30ACS2000-040-A01A-x1-01028077.5(1,968)4,570(2,073)77.5(1,968)4,570(2,073)350 (261)47257(191)35ACS2000-040-A01B-x1-01032677.5(1,968)4,570(2,073)77.5(1,968)4,570(2,073)400 (298)54293(219)39ACS2000-040-A01C-x1-01037377.5(1,968)4,570(2,073)77.5(1,968)4,570(2,073)450 (336)61330(246)44ACS2000-040-A01D-x1-01042077.5(1,968)4,570(2,073)77.5(1,968)4,570(2,073)500 (373)67367(274)49ACS2000-040-A01E-x1-01046677.5(1,968)4,570(2,073)77.5(1,968)4,570(2,073)600 (448)81440(328)59ACS2000-040-A01F-x1-01056077.5(1,968)4,570(2,073)77.5(1,968)4,570(2,073)700 (522)94513(383)69ACS2000-040-A01G-x1-01065377.5(1,968)4,570(2,073)77.5(1,968)4,570(2,073)800 (597)108587(438)79ACS2000-040-A01H-x1-01074677.5(1,968)4,570(2,073)77.5(1,968)4,570(2,073)900 (671)121660(492)89ACS2000-040-A01J-x1-01083977.5(1,968)4,570(2,073)77.5(1,968)4,570(2,073)1000 (746)135733(547)99ACS2000-040-A01K-x1-01093377.5(1,968)4,570(2,073)77.5(1,968)4,570(2,073)1250 (933)168916(684)123ACS2000-040-A02A-x1-0101,166114.8(2,916)6,750(3,672)114.8(2,916)6,750(3,672)1500 (1119)2021100(821)148ACS2000-040-A02B-x1-0101,399114.8(2,916)6,750(3,672)114.8(2,916)6,750(3,672)1750 (1306)2361283(957)173ACS2000-040-A02C-x1-0101,632114.8(2,916)6,750(3,672)114.8(2,916)6,750(3,672)2000 (1492)2691467(1094)197ACS2000-040-A02D-x1-0101,865114.8(2,916)6,750(3,672)114.8(2,916)6,750(3,672)2250 (1679)3031650(1231)222ACS2000-040-A03A-x1-0102,099137.2(3,486)9,000(4,082)137.2(3,486)9,000(4,082)2500 (1865)3371833(1368)247ACS2000-040-A03B-x1-0102,332137.2(3,486)9,000(4,082)137.2(3,486)9,000(4,082)2750 (2052)3702,017(1504)272ACS2000-040-A03C-x1-0102,565137.2(3,486)9,000(4,082)137.2(3,486)9,000(4,082)3000 (2238)4042200(1641)296ACS2000-040-A03D-x1-0102,798137.2(3,486)9,000(4,082)137.2(3,486)9,000(4,082)Notes:* Indicative information referring to typical 4-pole motor, under nominal supply voltage conditions.The ratings apply at 40°C. At higher temperatures (up to 50°C) the derating is 1.5% / 1°C. Light-overload use (normal duty)P N : Typical motor power in light-overload use.I N : Continuous current rating of particular sub-frame allowing 110% IN at 40°C for 1 min-ute every 10 minutes. Heavy-duty use Dimensions (h x l x d) includes standard fan Frame 1 Dimensions:inches: 90.0 x 77.5 x 46.8mm: 2285 x 1968 x 1190Frame 2 Dimensions:inches: 98.0 x 114.8 x 46.8mm: 2489 x 2916 x 119007 ACS2000 Technical Catalog—4kV Technical dataDirect-to-line, regenerative drivesMotor data *Converter data Converter length and weight (approx. values)Direct-to-line For operation withexternal transformerNormal duty Heavy duty Type code Power Length1Weight Length WeightP N INPhdIhdkVA in(mm)lbs(kg)in(mm)lbs(kg)hp (kW)A hp(kW)A4,000 - 4,160 V **300 (224)40220(164)30ACS2000-040-A01A-x1-01028077.5(1,968)4,570(2,073)77.5(1,968)4,570(2,073)350 (261)47257(191)35ACS2000-040-A01B-x1-01032677.5(1,968)4,570(2,073)77.5(1,968)4,570(2,073)400 (298)54293(219)39ACS2000-040-A01C-x1-01037377.5(1,968)4,570(2,073)77.5(1,968)4,570(2,073)450 (336)61330(246)44ACS2000-040-A01D-x1-01042077.5(1,968)4,570(2,073)77.5(1,968)4,570(2,073)500 (373)67367(274)49ACS2000-040-A01E-x1-01046677.5(1,968)4,570(2,073)77.5(1,968)4,570(2,073)600 (448)81440(328)59ACS2000-040-A01F-x1-01056077.5(1,968)4,570(2,073)77.5(1,968)4,570(2,073)700 (522)94513(383)69ACS2000-040-A01G-x1-01065377.5(1,968)4,570(2,073)77.5(1,968)4,570(2,073)800 (597)108587(438)79ACS2000-040-A01H-x1-01074677.5(1,968)4,570(2,073)77.5(1,968)4,570(2,073)900 (671)121660(492)89ACS2000-040-A01J-x1-01083977.5(1,968)4,570(2,073)77.5(1,968)4,570(2,073)1000 (746)135733(547)99ACS2000-040-A01K-x1-01093377.5(1,968)4,570(2,073)77.5(1,968)4,570(2,073)1250 (933)168916(684)123ACS2000-040-A02A-x1-0101,166114.8(2,916)6,750(3,672)114.8(2,916)6,750(3,672)1500 (1119)2021100(821)148ACS2000-040-A02B-x1-0101,399114.8(2,916)6,750(3,672)114.8(2,916)6,750(3,672)1750 (1306)2361283(957)173ACS2000-040-A02C-x1-0101,632114.8(2,916)6,750(3,672)114.8(2,916)6,750(3,672)2000 (1492)2691467(1094)197ACS2000-040-A02D-x1-0101,865114.8(2,916)6,750(3,672)114.8(2,916)6,750(3,672)2250 (1679)3031650(1231)222ACS2000-040-A03A-x1-0102,099137.2(3,486)9,000(4,082)137.2(3,486)9,000(4,082)2500 (1865)3371833(1368)247ACS2000-040-A03B-x1-0102,332137.2(3,486)9,000(4,082)137.2(3,486)9,000(4,082)2750 (2052)3702,017(1504)272ACS2000-040-A03C-x1-0102,565137.2(3,486)9,000(4,082)137.2(3,486)9,000(4,082)3000 (2238)4042200(1641)296ACS2000-040-A03D-x1-0102,798137.2(3,486)9,000(4,082)137.2(3,486)9,000(4,082)Notes:* Indicative information referring to typical 4-pole motor, under nominal supply voltage conditions.The ratings apply at 40°C. At higher temperatures (up to 50°C) the derating is 1.5% / 1°C. Light-overload use (normal duty)P N : Typical motor power in light-overload use.I N : Continuous current rating of particular sub-frame allowing 110% IN at 40°C for 1 min-ute every 10 minutes. Heavy-duty use Dimensions (h x l x d) includes standard fan Frame 1 Dimensions:inches: 90.0 x 77.5 x 46.8mm: 2285 x 1968 x 1190Frame 2 Dimensions:inches: 98.0 x 114.8 x 46.8mm: 2489 x 2916 x 119008ACS2000 Technical Catalog —Drive optionsOption description Plus code(prefix)Plus code(suffix)Selection description FramesizeMotor sideMotor space heater control and protection MHP00066A, 110-240V(Consult ABB for current ratings)ALLSpeed encoder interface SEN0001Manufacturers selection ALL Line sideLine side disconnect / contactor ICO0002Fused disconnect and line side vacuum contactor ALL Line side current transformer CTL0001Differential CT's for line side monitoring ALL CabinetsCabinet color COL0101ANSI 61 (light grey)ALL0003Customer specific ALL Enclosure protection class EPC0112IP21/NEMA 1ALL0042IP42ALL Corrosion protected busbars CPB0000Copper/blank ALL0020Copper/corrosion protected ALL Cooling circuitMain fan redundancy 1)RMC0002Yes ALL Auxiliary supplyAuxiliary Supply Configuration ASC0010Internally supplied from MV main supply (4160: 480V CPT)ALL Control Supply Configuration CSC0010From auxiliary supply ALL0001Single supply (customer supplied UPS)ALL Control power ride-through CPR0001100ms control ride-through ALL000415min control ride-through (battery based UPS)ALL Space heater for converter SHT0001Single phase supply (120V)ALL0002Single phase supply (240V)ALL1) For air cooled drives, if one fan fails this fan will be substituted by the redundant fan. For water cooled drives, if one pump fails this pump will be substituted by the redundant pump.2) Requires option ICO0002.Supervisory control systemFieldbus adapter modules FAB0008Modbus RTU ALL0009Profibus ALL0005Modbus/TCP ALL0012Anybus ControlNet Module ALL0013Anybus DeviceNet Module ALL0014Anybus Ethernet IP Module ALLControl I/O extension CEO0001Extension 1ALL Enhanced customer interface CIT003030 spare terminals ALL Controls on front door: Run pilot light - red lamp LRU0001Yes ALL Controls on front door: Door-mounted speed pot PSP0001Yes ALL Controls on front door: Local/remote switch SLR0001Yes ALL—Drive options 09ACS2000 Technical CatalogOption description Plus code(prefix)Plus code(suffix)Selection description FramesizeControls on front door: Forward/Reverse switch SFR0001Yes ALL Control and ProtectionMotor temperature supervision TSM0005Motor supervision, 5 PT100 inputs ALL0008Motor supervision, 8 PT100 inputs ALL Motor protection relay LVM0001Multilin 369ALL SoftwareSoftware Diagnostic tool 1)(DriveWindow + RUSB card)DRW0001Yes ALLAdditional scope and servicesPackingPacking PAK0000DOM - domestic land packing ALL0001EXP - export sea freight packing ALL TestingFactory acceptance test FAT0011Standard factory acceptance test(including visual inspection)ALL Visual inspection VIS0011Visual inspection by customer ALL1) To order DriveWindows as a separate scope of supply, utilize part number 2UEA001557* Indicates recommended option—Project spares 10ACS2000 Technical Catalog ValuepropositionServiceofferingsWhat are Project Spares?Project spares are predefined spare part packages that are sold with the drive project. They are designed to assist in the selection of spare parts during the sales phase of new drives. Three different service levels exist.Minimum Spare Part Package The minimum package is recommended in the case of redundant drives, where a failure of one drive does not have any impact on production. This Standard Spare Part PackageThe standard spare part package is recommended for non-critical applications, where a failure of the drive system does not necessarily cause an immediate production stop. This package also covers the requirement for “two-year spares“. Extended Spare Part PackageThe extended package is recommended for “critical, non-Spare part packagesPower SectionTopology 5 level Voltage Source Inverter Rectifier Type HV IGBTRegenerative Mode OptionalInput Voltage Rating4160V +/- 10%Voltage Sag-30% (with derating)Input Voltage unbalance<2%Input Frequency50/60Hz, +/- 5%Max Available Short Circuit Current50kASupply minimum short circuitcapacity20 times installed peak powerInput Protection Fuses - DTLBasic Impulse Level60kVInput Surge Protection MOV Surge Arresters - DTL, AFE;consult factory for otherconfigurationsInput impedance LCL filter topology DTLTypical Line Harmonics Compliant with IEEE 519, EN 61000-2-4, GB/T 14549-93Input Power Factor Controlled to 1.0 - DTL, AFEBusbar4kV - Copper blank, Optional Copperwith tin platingPrecharge Circuit Via auxiliary power supply.Coordination with MV switchgearrequired if integrated disconnectoption not chosen.DC Link Capacitors Foil/thin film typeOutput Switching Device HV IGBTMotor Type InductionMaximum motor cable length< 1000ft (300m); Contact factory forlonger cable lengthsMotor current THD< 5% for typical motorsControlAuxiliary Supply Voltage400 VAC, 480 VAC, 600 VAC, +/-10%,50/60Hz, external supplyAuxiliary Power Consumption (minimum supply recommended 4kV DTL: Frame 1: 6 kVA Frame 2: 11 kVA Frame 3: 16 kVAControl Voltage24VDC; power derived from 3 phaseauxiliary power or optional 120V or230V 1 phase control powerDigital Inputs(qty 4 fixed and 10 programmable) -20 -240VAC, 20-150VDC, 8-25mA Digital Outputs(qty 2 fixed and 4 programmable) -6amp@ 24VDC or 120VACAnalog Inputs(qty 2 fixed and 2 programmable) -0-10V or 0-20mA, 10 bit resolution Analog Outputs(qty 2 programmable) - 0-20mA, 12bit resolution; scalable to 4-20mA HMI CDP 312 keypad - four line, 16character start, stop, local/remote,resetDoor Mounted Controls Standard - Supply On, Supply Off,Ground Switch De-Energized, Fault/Alarm4kV options - Run Light, SpeedPotentiometer, Local/Remote Switch Control power ride through 5 cycle ride through standard;extended ride through via optionalbattery powered UPS PerformanceControl Software DTC (Direct Torque Control)Zero speed starting torque0-speed starting torque 100 % (formax. 10 s) - with encoder70 % (< 5 % motor speed) - withoutencoder100 % (> 12 % motor speed)Speed accuracy with encoder0.01% static, 0.2 to 0.5% dynamic Speed accuracy without encoder0.1% static, 0.5 to 1% dynamic Torque Response Time5ms at 70% of full speedMaximum Motor Cable Distance< 1000 ft (300m); for longer distanceconsult ABBOutput Frequency Range0…75 HzProtection Overvoltage, Overcurrent, ShortCircuit, OvertemperatureMotor stall, Overspeed,communication (I/O Watchdog),ground fault main circuit breakersupervision/trip, Auxiliary voltagefault, Emergency off signalsupervisionCooling/AmbientCooling method Forced air cooling, Roof-vented fanunitAir flow rate4kV DTLFrame 1 : 5000 ft³/min (8500 m³/h)Frame 2 : 10000 ft³/min (17000m³/h)Frame 3 : 15000 ft³/min (25485m³/h)Ambient operating temperaturerange5 to 40 C,50C available with derating Transportation and Storage-25C to +55COperational Altitude< 2000 m above sea level, for higheraltitudes please consult factoryHigher with deratingRelative Humidity 5 to 85%, non-condensingCabinet/EnclosureProtection Class IP 21, IP 42, NEMA 1 GasketedColor ANSI 61 Gray - whole cabinet Cabinet Material Corrosion protected, coated steelenclosure, 12 gaugeMain power cable entry Top or bottom entry/exitControl cable entry Top or bottom entry/exitSafety Mechanical interlocking of doors forMV SectionsDesign Standards cUL, NEMA, ANSI, IEEE, IEC, EN, CE Audible Noise< 85dbA, consult user manual for testdescriptionAuxiliary power supplyThe drive requires auxiliary power for cooling fans and control hardware. The total auxiliary power can be fed to the drive by a 3-phase power supply. As an option the control hardware can be supplied separately by a 1-phase supply that is backed up by a UPS.If only a 3-phase supply provides the auxiliary power, the values for the auxiliary supply and the external UPS must be added to obtain the total power to be supplied.Single phase control supplyWhen external control power is desired, option code+CSC0001 must be selected, which shall have the following specs:Default ConfigurationAuxiliary supply voltage (3 phase)400 VAC, 480 VAC, 600 VAC +/- 10% Auxiliary supply frequency50 / 60 HzAuxiliary power consumption4kV DTLFrame 1 - 6 kVAFrame 2 - 11 kVAFrame 3 - 16 kVA 1-phase auxiliary control voltage120 VAC +/- 10%1-phase auxiliary supply frequency50 / 60 Hz1-phase auxiliary power consumption Approximately 0.5 kVACustomer supplied MV MCB (breaker or vacuum contactor) (standard)The ACS2000 needs to have direct and exclusive control over the MV Switchgear. The close, open and / or trip command must be wired directly from the frequency converter to the MV Switchgear. It is not permitted to wire the trip command Integral MV fused disconnect / vacuum contactor package (optional)ABB can also offer a fused disconnect / contactor option for a flexible, self contained solution where no control coordination is required upstream. It provides a visible blade switch through any PLC or DCS system if it is not certified to meet SIL 3 level requirements.The MV MCB (breaker or vacuum contactor) needs to be equipped with the following features:−−• 1 normally open and 1 normally closed contact to provide status feedback to the driveSee publication MV Switchgear - document number2UEB000095 for technical specificationsdisconnect and integral input contactor with options such as motor protection relay, auxiliary power transformer and othercustomer controls.EnvironmentOperationAmbient temperature+ 0…+ 40 °C (32…104 °F)Above +40 °C (+104 °F) the ratedoutput power decreases by 1.5 % foreach additional 1 °C up to themaximum permitted temperature of+50 °C (+122 °F).Example: If the ambient temperatureis 50 °C the derating is calculated as100% - 1.5 %/°C · 10 °C = 85%.Hence, the maximum output currentis 85% of the rated value.Sound pressure level Fan: < 85 dB (A), consult user manualfor test descriptionOperation conditions are accordingto IEC 60721-3-3 ’Stationary use atweather-protected locations’(otherwise indicated).StandardsThe ACS 2000 complies with following codes and standards:Drive standards IEC 60146IEC 61800IEC 60721Safety standards UL 347ALine and motor interface ANSI C84.1NEMA MG1Network harmonics standards *IEEE 519IEC 61000GB/T 14549-93* minimum SCC > 20 times installed power, purely inductive SpecificationsPower Cable2UEB000093 (4kV)Induction Motor2UEB000250 (4kV)MV Switchgear2UEB000095 (4kV)MV Drive SelectionThe drive selection and pricing tables are based on two (2) types of service duty ratings.11) Normal DutyUsed for Variable Torque (VT) applications only.Drives with this rating are designed for 100% continuous operation, with 110% overload for one (1) minute, once every 10 minutes.2) Heavy DutyUsed for Constant Torque (CT) or Variable Torque (VT) applications.Drives with this rating are designed for 100% continuous operation, with 150% overload for one (1) minute, once every 10 minutes.3) Non-standard Duty - Contact ABBApplication Description Torque Load torque Duty1 Some applications may require a non-standard duty rating due to requirements such as high starting torque or "ultra heavy“ overload. Contact factory for assistance to quote an optimized solution.4kV, direct to line (regenerative and non-regenerative) Frame 14kV, direct to line (regenerative and non-regenerative) Frame 1 with fused disconnect/vacuum contactor option4kV, direct to line (regenerative and non-regenerative) Frame 24kV, direct to line (regenerative and non-regenerative) Frame 2 with fused disconnect/vacuum contactor option—Dimensional Drawings4kV, direct to line (regenerative andnon-regenerative) Frame 321ACS2000 Technical Catalog—Dimensional Drawings4kV, direct to line (regenerative and non-regenerative) Frame 3 with fuseddisconnect/vacuum contactor option22ACS2000 Technical Catalog—A scalable product line with a range of powerto meet any general purpose applicationACS2000, 4kVFrame 1 up to 1000 hpUser-friendly drive control panel for local operation • Keypad with multi-language display • Main supply on/off pushbuttons • Emergency off pushbuttonInput reactor withcommon mode filter for direct-to-line connectionInverter unit (INU)Withdraw-able phase modulesActive Front End (AFE)ACS2000, 4kVFrame 1 with fuseddisconnect and vacuumcontactor option23ACS2000 Technical Catalog—A scalable product line with a range of powerto meet any general purpose applicationACS2000, 4kVFrame 2 up to 2000 hpsection allows top and bottom entry inall frame sizesconsistent in all frame sizesDC bus grounding switch for safetyElectro-mechanically interlocked doors for safetyRedundant fan (optional)ACS2000, 4kVFrame 3 up to 3000 hp24ACS2000 Technical CatalogA C S 2000P H T C 01U -E N R E VB E F F EC T I V E : 07/12/2021—For more information, please contact your local ABB representative or visit/drives ABB Inc16250 W. Glendale Drive New Berlin, WI 53151。