008381710 语言与文化2017年4月高等教育自学考试《语言与文化》试题

全国2004年10月高等教育自学考试语言与文化试题课程代码：00838Ⅰ. Each of the following incomplete statements if followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives best completes the statement.(20%)1.The expression “physically handicapped” is the euphemistic equivalent of “（）”.A. uglyB. skinnyC. deafD. crippled2.A（）is a small open space symbolically enclosed with very low walls and adjoining a building.A. semihouseB. balconyC. plotD. yard3.English grammar is often said to be（）because English uses frequently inflectional morphemes to indicate the grammatical relations between linguistic elements.A. paratacticB. hypotacticC. explicitD. implicit4.The word “（）”is American spelling.A. colourB. travellerC. metreD. defense5.Smiling when criticized would be considered（）in American culture.A. improperB. politeC. friendlyD. frivolous6.A meddlesome person who pries into others’ affairs is a（）.A. busmanB. busybodyC. ladies’ manD. do-gooder7.English is the language which（）.A. demonstrates more hypotactic relations than Chinese does.B. demonstrates more paratactic relations than Chinese does.C. demonstrates only hypotactic relations.D. only relies on conjunctions for sentence construction.8.The idiomatic expression “between Scylla and Charybdis” can be translated into（）.A. 费了九牛二虎之力B. 进退两难C. 坐失良机D. 昙花一现9.Nike is the name of（）in Greek mythology.A. a heroineB. the goddess of victoryC. the goddess of fortuneD. a wealthy lady10.English speakers usually give small gifts to（）on his or her birthday.A. a casual friendB. a new acquaintanceC. a public servantD. a good friend11.（）can function as an appropriate reply to an invitation.A. “Thank you very much. I’ll come if I’m free then”B. “Thank you very much. But I can’t accept your invitation”C. “That would be nice. Thank you”D. “Thank you,I’ll try to come”12.When you want to compliment the new coat Mary wears, you can say（）.A. “I like your new coat.”B. “That’s very nice coat you’re wearing. It must be very expensive.”C. “You look much younger in this coat.”D. “How much did you pay for this coat?”13.The proverbial expression “life is but a walking shadow” is derived from the works of（）.A. Geoffrey ChaucerB. John MiltonC. Francis BaconD. William Shakespeare14.In English culture “green” is often associated with（）.A. experienceB. an old ageC. jealousyD. failure15.“A pedant or erudite female intellectual” can be referred to as（）.A. a blue ribbonB. a blue stockingC. a grey mareD. a greengrocer16.The effort to rescue American captive s in Iran in 1980 failed and it was called a(n)“（）” rather than a “failure”.A. incomplete successB. partial successC. intangible successD. mental success17.English speakers expect to be immediately informed of（）the letter they have received is written.A. the purpose for whichB. the reasons for whichC. the date on whichD. the place in which18.“Ticke t s, please!” said the guard, putting his head in at the window. （）everybody was holding out a ticket.A. Until thenB. To this endC. At lastD. In a moment19.Gestures that are used to help explain the spoken words are（）.A. regulatorsB. illustratorsC. adaptersD. emblems20.“A person or thing suddenly lifted from obscurity to honour or significance” can be referred to as（）.A. a CleopatraB. a PandoraC. a CinderellaD. a DavidⅡ. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives cancomplete the statement. There might be more than one correct answer.(10%)21.When receiving a gift, the English speakers normally say（）.A. “It’s very nice”B. “This is really what I want”C. “It must have cost you a lot. Thank you very much ”D. “How much is it? Thank you very much”22.The English equivalents to “副” in Chinese are（）.A. lieutenantB. underC. deputyD. vice23.In English culture, “white” connotes（）.A. reactionB. deathC. innocenceD. purity24.Inductive argumentation has been related to（）.A. The linear thinking patternB. The branching thinking patternC. Inductive reasoningD. Indirect personality25.In individualistic culture,（）.A. an unexpected visitor may be refused franklyB. when you visit somebody, you could stay at his or her home for longC. it is quite common for several friends to pay respectively for what they have had in a restaurantD. it’s not common for parents to pay their children for what they have do ne for the family26.“A Pandora’s box” refers to a present or something（）.A. which the gods send to PandoraB. which brings happiness but looks uglyC. which a bride traditionally gives to a bridegroomD. which seems valuable but brings misfortune27.Much of the（）information is conveyed by eye behaviours.A. factualB. attitudinalC. emotionalD. cultural28.In general, American’s postures are more（）than the Chinese speakers’.A. casualB. aggressiveC. reservedD. appropriate29.The English speakers who expect a text to be developed linearly may find it（）.A. interesting to read a spirally developed textB. difficult to follow a spirally developed textC. illogic to develop a text spirallyD. reasonable to develop a text spirally30.“哪里” as a reply to a polite comment such as “You’re one of the top scholars in this field.” can be translated into“（）”.A. No. That’s not trueB. Not reallyC. It’s such a small fieldD. You’re jokingⅢ. Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression.(12%)31.In a formal English letter of invitation, the inviter’s name normally comes___________the invitee’s name.32.The English equivalent of内人is___________.33.The English functional equivalent to 您过奖了is___________.34.Only human beings possess what can be called ___________ in the true sense of the term.35.Never cast your ___________ before swine.36.Man proposes, God ___________.37.Many plant and place names such as “poker” and “Mississippi” in American Englis h come from ___________.38.Each language represents a unique system of meaning in ___________ ways.39.English speakers are direct people who tend to locate ___________ meaning before peripheral meaning.40.A little old woman with a wrinkle face as brown as a ___________ told us our fortune for ten pence.41.Differences in word order between Chinese and English are related to ___________.42.___________ time orientation refers to how people feel, think, or perceive time and how it influences their daily communication and lives.Ⅳ. Answer the following questions briefly:(12%)43.What is artistic thinking?44.What is the British equivalent for the American word “raincoat”?45.What’s the general rule in English culture when introductions are conducted?46.From which language is the word “cookie” borrowed?47.What does “a white hope” refer to?48.Are there honourifics in English? If there are, what are they?Ⅴ. Translation: (16%)49.It’s a long time since he went west.50.Rain started patter on the roof.51.You can’t judge a person according to his or her appearance.52.53.人不犯我，我不犯人。

全国2006年10月高等教育自学考试语言与文化试题课程代码：00838Ⅰ．Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives． Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives best completes the statement．(20%)1．Venus is the Roman god of ．( )A．beauty and love B．agricultureC．the departed spirits D．the sea2．The expression “to kick the bucket” means ． ( )A．to be angry B．to go awayC．to die D．to get out3．Oscar is a ． ( )A．religious name B．flower nameC．name of authority D．weapon name4．In English culture “green” connotes ． ( )A．longevity B．prosperityC．immaturity D．sincerity5．The phrasal verb “look towards”corresponds in meaning to the single word: ( ) A．inspect B．examineC．seek D．anticipate6．The English-speaking people use the word “chicken”metaphorically to refer to ．( ) A．a small creature B．a cowardC．a fool D．a hero7．Camellia is a ． ( )A．religious name B．flower nameC．weapon name D．name of authority8．A game played on horseback by two teams of players on a ground is called ． ( ) A．hockey B．poloC．rugby D．golf9． A sweet dish typically composed of fruit baked with pastry is called ． ( ) A． hamburger B． sandwichC． hot dog D． pudding10．The nonverbal messages that are consistent with accompanying verbal messages, but add to or strengthen or clarify the verbal message serve the function of ． ( ) A．regulating B．repeatingC．complementing D．accenting11．The word coined in 1971 to refer to either a male or a female who presides over a meeting or an organization is “”． ( )A．chair-sitter B．chairpersonC．president D．pressman12．The racist word for persons of Italian of Spanish birth or descent is “_______”．( ) A．Dagos B．KikesC．Japs D．Polacks13．Textual connectives are used to link ______．（）A．words and phrases in a sentence B．clauses in a sentenceC．sentences and paragraphs D．different texts14．贵府 is equivalent to in English．（）A．your honorable home B．your homeC．your valuable house D．your house 15． Language, culture, and thought , each influencing and shaping the other two．（）A．alternate B．changeC．interact D．substitute16．“Chewing one’s finger nails” signifies ．（）A．contempt B．guiltyC．happiness D．worry17．The relationship between language and culture is that ．（）A．language and culture interact B．culture determines languageC．language determines culture D．language and culture are parallel18．The distance zone ranging from 18 inches to about four feet is referred to as the ______zone．（）A．intimate B．publicC．casual-personalD．socio-consultative19．Which of the following sentences demonstrates hypotactic relation?（）A．Bread and butter is my favourite breakfast．B．I think he is right．C．I told him exactly when I would leave for Paris．D．He bought tea, coffee, eggs, milk, etc．20．The difference found in answers to negative questions between English and Chinese demonstrates that _______．（）A．English speakers are direct and Chinese speakers are indirect B．English speakers are individualistic and Chinese speakers are politeC．English is a hypotactic language and Chinese is a paratactic languageD．Chinese speakers are strongly influenced by the environment, the way in which the question is formed, while English speakers are notⅡ．Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives．Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives can complete the statement． There might be more than one correct answer． (10%)21．“To be all thumbs”is synonymous to “________”．（）A．to be proud B．to be clumsyC．to be good at doing something D．to be bad at doing something22．“黑面包”can be translated into “________”．（）A．black bread B．blue breadC．brown bread D．red bread 23．“_________” is an euphemism for “lavatory”．（）A．Bathroom B．Comfort roomC．Convenient room D．Powder room 24．When people are introduced, ________．（）A．they always shake handsB．they normally shake hands in formal or business situations C．they do not always shake handsD．men shake hands more often than women25．In English speaking countries, ________ are frequently advertised．（）A．sexual service B．domesticserviceC．medicines D．cigarette26．Body language includes such meaning representing devices as（）A．facial expressions B．gestures C．dress D．artifacts27．Which one is right in the following statements? （）A．Hypotactic language is unambiguous and paratactic language is ambiguous．B．Hypotactic language like English relies on conjunctions for sentence construction．C．Paratactic language like Chinese never relies on conjunctions for sentence construction．D．Hypotactic and paratactic relations can be found in both English and Chinese．28．Conceptual meaning refers to __________ content．（）A．cognitive B．stylisticC．associative D．logical29．In a flowery Chinese descriptive text one can find quite a number of ________．（）A．adjectives and adverbs B．hyperbolesC．four-character expressions D．similes and metaphors30．Culture in its technical sense is _________．（）A．human specific B． a social phenomenonC．a national phenomenon D．a historical phenomenon Ⅲ．Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression． (12%)31．The word in American English for “电梯”is _______________．32．In informal situations English speakers tend to address others by using their ________ names．33．Conceptual meaning is the ____________ a word conveys．34．It is often said that English is a language with _______________ grammar and Chinese a language with ___________ grammar．35．The English equivalent idiom for “开某人玩笑” or “捉弄某人” is ______________．36．If he’d thought I would sit there meek as a ___________ while he abused my family, he must have got a real surprise．37．But this is an odd thing, though he’s impulsive, he’s as stubborn as a _____________．38．When we talk about international affairs, “___________”may be used as the euphemism for a “military action”．39．It has been claimed that the linear development of Englishtexts is caused by the ________ thinking style preferredby English speakers．40．The connective “further”in “My client says he does not know this witness． Further, he denies even having seenher or spoken to her．”indicates a(n) relationbetween sentences．41．Language is vocal, which means that speech is the of language．42．Of the five categories of gestures are perhaps the most important one because they are intentional behaviourswith widely agreed meanings in a society．Ⅳ．Answer the following questions briefly．(12%)43．What is the major contrast between English and Chinese letters of request?44．What is the British equivalent for the American word “schedule”?45．What does the expression “a white elephant” mean?46．What is a future-oriented society?47．Which aspect of English culture does the proverb “an Englishman’s house is his castle” reflect?48．Why are branching sentence patterns preferred in English? Ⅴ．Translation． (16%)49．Would you like some more of this fish?50．Wine ended him．51．Besides football, the most popular games in the United States are baseball and basketball．52．Old-fashioned notions have no place in today’s society．53．The theory of relativity gave birth to an enormous number of ideas in physics．54．敬请光临。

做试题,没答案?上自考365,网校名师为你详细解答!全国2005年10月高等教育自学考试语言与文化试题课程代码：00838Ⅰ. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives best completes the statement and put the answer in the brackets. (20%)1. In educational settings “depend on others to do his/her work”is often preferred to “______”.A. fail to do one’s homeworkB. fail to do one’s schoolwork wellC. cheat in examsD. cheat in class2. A “file clerk”is often said euphemistically to be a(n) “______”.A. information directorB. research consultantC. office executiveD. assistant manager3. I wonder whether Nick isn’t better off, after all. ______—they do look after him, don’t they?A. I meanB. In other wordsC. ActuallyD. Incidentally4. The next morning she was glad and proud that she had not yielded to a scare. ______ he was most strangely and obviously better.A. ThoughB. At this pointC. ForD. So5. “2000年7月25日上午10点”can be translated into ______.A. At 10 o’clock of the morning of 25 July of 2000B. At 10 o’clock on the morning of 25 July, 2000C. At 10 o’clock, the morning of 25 July, 2000D. At 10 o’clock in the morning of 25 July, 20006. Which of the following names is associated with Christianity?A. EdgarB. JosephC. AlexanderD. Iris7. When you introduce Mary Smith to John Jones, you may say ______.A. “John Jones, this is Mary Smith”B. “Mr. Jones, may I introduce Mrs. Smith?”C. “Mary Smith, this is John Jones”D. “Mary Smith, this is Mr. Jones”8. “______”is inappropriate as a reply to an apology.A. It’s O. K.B. It’s all right.C. Not at all.D. Never mind.9. It is suggested that Chinese people are good at holistic ______.A. writingB. speakingC. thinkingD. doing10. The thematic model emphasizes three culture elements:______.A. traits, values and world viewsB. personal behaviours, thinking patterns and valuesC. norms, customs and circumstancesD. time, space and dimension11. The Chinese equivalent for “high school”is ______.A. 中等学校B. 高等学校C. 技术学校D. 职业学校12. In English culture, “old”is associated with all the following except ______.A. uselessB. traditionalC. senileD. skilled13. The phrasal verb “look into”corresponds in meaning to the single word ______.A. expectB. investigateC. despiseD. watch14. “To be very careful and correct in one’s behaviour”is synonymous to ______.A. “Mr. Right”B. “keep one’s own company”C. “to mind one’s p’s and q’s”D. “to keep one’s nose clean”15. “To make a cat laugh”means ______.A. to be tragicB. to be comicC. to be proudD. to be serious16. In English culture “white”connotes ______.A. innocenceB. deathC. crueltyD. reaction17. The English equivalent for “害了红眼病”is ______.A. a white hopeB. grey-headedC. pinkeyeD. green-eyed18. Uranus is the Roman god of ______.A. heavens and father of SaturnB. the sea, son of Saturn and brother of JupiterC. agriculture and father of JupiterD. the sky and the king of the gods19. American English and ______ English are two varieties of the English language and they are of equal status.A. CanadianB. AustralianC. New Zealandic EnglishD. British20. Stamping one’s foot signifies ______ in English body language.A. angerB. strengthC. remorseD. impatienceⅡ. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives can complete the statement and put the answer(s) in the brackets. There might be more than one correct answer. (10%)21. “______”is more offensive than “damn”or “damn it”.A. HellB. God damn youC. Damn youD. Jesus Christ22. He was the popular candidate. ______he will be elected.A. So thatB. As suchC. ConsequentlyD. Accordingly23. In the following statements,______ is true.A. English has gone through the stage of explicit grammar, while Chinese has.B. Modern European languages are grammatical simpler and demonstrate less grammatical explicitly than classical European language.C. English and Chinese are at different developmental stages.D. English and Chinese are at same developmental stages.24. When John Smith picks up the phone, he may say ______.A. Hello. This is John speaking.B. Hello.C. Who’s calling, please?D. Good morning. John Smith here.25. When English speakers respond to thanks, they normally say ______.A. “Don’t mention it”B. “It’s my pleasure”C. “Not at all”D. “No. It’s my duty”26. The idiomatic expression “to put one’s foot in one’s mouth”means ______.A. to just make itB. to say something embarrassingC. to have an angry attitudeD. to say something wrong or unsuitable27. “A blue fit”is close in meaning to ______.A. annoyanceB. happinessC. satisfactionD. irritation28. In English culture, ______ are positive in meaning.A. ambitiousB. self-made manC. do-gooderD. aggressive29. In Chinese newspapers ______ are not reported so frequently as in English newspapers.A. political achievementsB. cultural achievementsC. crimesD. disasters30. Touching or bodily contact is more common among ______ in English speaking countries.A. malesB. the oldC. femalesD. the youngⅢ. Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression. (12%)31. “To fresh up”can be used by a female as an euphemism for ________.32. In an English letter of request there are three parts: the purpose for which the letter is written, the supporting information and a ________.33. It is hard for ________ to understand why “走狗”is a pejorative term in Chinese.34. Each culture develops a particular way of ________ favoured by a particular population.35. English uses frequently inflectional morphemes to indicate the ________ relations between linguistic elements.36. “Good-bye”is the contracted form of ________ and therefore carries a religious connotation.37. “Good night”is usually as an expression of ________.38. The English proverbial expression ________ corresponds to “对牛弹琴”in Chinese.39. The English expression ________ corresponds to “胆小如鼠”in Chinese.40. The branch of learning that studies how we perceive, structure, reacts to, and interpret messages of time is referred to as ________.41. American English differs from British English mainly in pronunciation and ________.42. The phrase in British English for “私立学校”is ________.Ⅳ. Answer the following questions briefly. (12%)43. What are some examples in Australian English illustrating racist language?44. How do English speakers respond to compliments?45. What is large c culture?46. How would you explain the fact that “greenhouse”and its equivalent in Chinese “温室”are formed differently?47. Which idiomatic expression in English corresponds to “捧腹大笑”in Chinese?48. What is the word for “hard liquor”in British English?Ⅴ. Translation. (16%)49. 您有何高见?50. Most surprise attacks against the enemy have now become pre-emptive strikes.51. I’m sorry, Mr. Jones is occupied right now. Would you like to leave a message, please?52. Hello. This is Mary speaking. Who is calling?53. He that increases knowledge increases sorrow.54. 巧妇难为无米之炊。

全国 2003年 10月高等教育自学考试语言与文化试题课程代码： 00838第一部分 选择题（共 30 分）I. Each of the following incomplete statementsis followed by four alternatives. Read eachstatement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternativesbest completes the statement.(20%)1.A cold dish of raw vegetables with a dressing is called .B. sandwich D. pudding 2. _____ All languages have terms and distinguish at least threecharacteristics in relatives.3. ___________________________________________ English speakers are direct people who tend to ___________________________________________ .A. locate peripheral meaning before central meaningB. locate central meaning before central meaningC. locate the modified after the modifierD. think holistically4.In English all the prefixes are morphemes.A. inflectionalB. grammaticalC. derivationalD. implicit5.Which of the following statements is not true?A. English speakershave a relatively small range of possibilities to select from when namingtheir newly born babies.B. English surnames are more distinctive than given names.C. English given names are more distinctive than surnames.D. Names include given names, surnames, full names and nicknames or pet names.6.If an English speaker refuses the compliment which merely comes out of politeness, he may sayA. “Do you really think so?”B.“Oh, I wish it could be true.”C.“Oh, you are too polite.”D.“No, I don 't think so.” 7. _______________________________ “ To make a cat laugh ” means .A. to be comicB. to be tragicC. to be proudD. to be serious 8. _________________________________________________________ The English equivalent for “前车之覆，后车之鉴” can be “ _______________________________ ” .A. Rats desert a sinking shipB. A small leak will sink a great shipC. He that would sail without danger must never come on the main seaD. Let another 's shipwreck be your seamarkA. hamburgerC. saladA. generation C. complicatedB. subtleD. kinship9.______________________ “ Green” connotes in English culture.A.ProsperityB. immaturityC. longevityD. sincerity10._______________________________ “Brown paper”corresponds to .A.棕色纸B.秘密文件C.揭露社会黑暗的报纸D.牛皮纸11.The English equivalent for “空袭紧急警报” is __ .A. blue alertB. white alertC. red alertD. black alert12.“Sanitary enginee”r is the euphemistic expression for “ _ ”.A. garbage collectorB. cleanerC. plumberD. gardener13.“敬请指正” can be treated as the Chinese equivalent o“f ” in English.A. I'd like to have your comments.B. Will you please point out my errors?C. I'd like to have errors correctedD. I'll gratefully expect your comments.14.When the speaker or writer discusses many things indirectly related to the central idea of thetext and /or to each other he or she develops the text in a(n) fashion.A .linear B. spiralC. inductiveD. deductive15.The most striking phonetic difference between American and British English is thepronunciation of ____ in words.A. rB. aC. whD. er16.The first __ made in 449 B.C. had strong impact on the laws made later in most Europeancountries.A. Roman lawB. Napoleonic CodeC. French lawD. British law17._____________________________________________________________________ T he distance zone ranging from 4 inches to about 8 feet is referred so as the _______________ zone.A. publicB. intimateC. socio-consultativeD. casual-personal18.__________________________________________________________ R aising one's open hand with palm down to one's throat means “___________________________ ” in English culture.A. Shame on youB. I'm fullC. Kill yourselfD. You're shorter than I19.In proxemics scholars are particularly interested in the ____ between interlocutors ininterpersonal communication.A. relative rightsB. relationshipC. distanceD. relative obligation20.The brand name ____ is neutral or positive in meaning in Chinese culture but pejorative inEnglish culture?A.青岛啤酒B.白象牌电池C.泸洲老窖D.菊花电扇II. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives can complete the statement. There might be more than one correct answer.(10%)21.____ a re some important properties of language.A. UnsystematicB. Human specificC. VocalD. A set of symbols22.In the expression “to meet one's Waterloo”,the word “Waterloo” alludes to __ .A. a great victoryB. an achievementC. a final defeatD. a difficult or obstacleare coinages.B. PlaytexD. Cartan can be defined conceptually asB. prone to tearsD. biped25. _______________________ “Purple ” in English culture isoften associated with _______ .A. high rank or stationB. low rank or stationC. imperial or royal rankD. something best26. ____ are usually taboo topics in conversations between strangers in English culutre. A. Age and incomeB. Love and marriageC. Political and religious beliefsD. Personal opinions about daily affairs27. ____ is onomatopoeic words.B. Murmur D. Click28. When you respond to the compliment “ You look very nice in thisdress ” ,you should saya ”A. Thank you.B. No, I don 't think so at all.C. Do you really think so? I was not sure whether it suits me.D. It 's very kind of you to say so.29. ____ serve the function of substitution.A. Saying louder than usual to emphasize a verbal messageB. Pausing before saying something importantC. Waving goodbyeD. Beckoning another person to come30. ______________________________________________________ A “ slow ” student may be euphemistically referred to as “ ______________________________ ” .A. a mentally retarded studentB. one who is working at his/her own levelC. one who can do better work with helpD. a problem student第二部分 非选择题 (共 70分 )III. Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression.(12%)31. _________________________________________________________ The invisible, portable space that surrounds us is referred to as _________________________ space.32. ____ thinking interacts with English, while holistic thinking interacts with Chinese.33. ______________________________________________ “Pay one 's debt to nature ” is the euphemism for ________________________________________ .34. _____________________________________ The English equivalent of “寒舍” is .35.In an English paragraph the sentence representing the central idea is referred to as andoften located at the initial part of the paragraph.36.It is safe to say that Chinese advertising as a whole tends to be more __ than Englishadvertising.37.Since language represents thought, it is _ by thought.38.It is generally true that an English word may represent a or associative meaningdifferent23.The English brand names A. Trane C. Pierre 24.The word “woman ” A. an adult female C. long hair wearingA. SquealC. Rushfrom that of its translation equivalent in Chinese.39.__________________________________________________ The English functional equivalent for “敬请光临” is _______________________________________ .40.____________________________________________________________ The English proverbial equivalent for “金无足赤，人无完人” is ____________________________ .41.The En glish expressi on __ is equivale nt to “秃子头上的虱子明摆着”in Chi na.42.____ r efers to a kind of journalism with heavy emphasison scandals,or resenting ordinarynews in a sensational manner.IV.Answer the following questions briefly:(12%)43.What is the English equivalent for “黑信” ?44.What is the British equivalent for the American word “raincoat” ?45.What is the major difference between English and Chinese descriptive texts in style?46.Why is it said that English is a hypotactic language and Chinese is a paratactic language?47.How hitchhiking is symbolized in English culture?48.What cross-cultural contrasts can you find between English and Chinese titles in vocatives?V.Translation:(16%)49.He breathed his last during the night.50.Those born to the purple are destined to live in the public eye.51.The greatest artist of the first half of this century has long last gone the way of all flesh.52.A rose by any other name would smell as sweet.53.为金钱而侍奉上帝的人会为更多的报酬服侍魔鬼。

全国年高等教育自学考试语言与文化试题课程代码The document was prepared on January 2, 2021全国2003年10月高等教育自学考试语言与文化试题课程代码：00838第一部分选择题共30分I. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by fouralternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives best completes the statement.20%cold dish of raw vegetables with a dressing is called _____.A. hamburgerB. sandwichC. saladD. puddinglanguages have _____ terms and distinguish at least three characteristics in relatives.A. generationB. subtleC. complicatedD. kinshipspeakers are direct people who tend to _____.A. locate peripheral meaning before central meaningB. locate central meaning before central meaningC. locate the modified after the modifierD. think holisticallyEnglish all the prefixes are _____ morphemes.A. inflectionalB. grammaticalC. derivationalD. implicitof the following statements is not trueA. English speakers have a relatively small range of possibilities to selectfrom when naming their newly born babies.B. English surnames are more distinctive than given names.C. English given names are more distinctive than surnames.D. Names include given names, surnames, full names and nicknames or pet names. an English speaker refuses the compliment which merely comes out of politeness, he may say _____.A.“Do you really think so ”B.“Oh, I wish it could be true.”C.“Oh, you are too polite.”D.“No, I don’t think so.”7.“To make a cat laugh” means _____.A. to be comicB. to be tragicC. to be proudD. to be seriousEnglish equivalent for “前车之覆,后车之鉴” can be “_____”.A. Rats desert a sinking shipsmall leak will sink a great shipC. He that would sail without danger must never come on the main seaD. Let another’s shipwreck be your seamark9.“Green” connotes _____ in English culture.A. ProsperityB. immaturityC. longevityD. sincerity10.“Brown paper”corresponds to _____.A.棕色纸B.秘密文件C.揭露社会黑暗的报纸D.牛皮纸English equivalent for “空袭紧急警报” is _____.A. blue alertB. white alertC. red alertD. black alert12.“Sanitary engineer” is the euphemistic expression for “_____”.A. garbage collectorB. cleanerC. plumberD. gardener13.“敬请指正”can be treated as the Chinese equivalent of “_____”in English.A. I’d like to have your comments.B. Will you please point out my errorsC. I’d like to have errors correctedD. I’ll gratefully expect your comments.the speaker or writer discusses many things indirectly related to the central idea of the text and /or to each other he or she develops the text in an _____ fashion.A .linear B. spiralC. inductiveD. deductivemost striking phonetic difference between American and British English is the pronunciation of _____ in words.A. rB. aC. whD. erfirst _____ made in 449 . had strong impact on the laws made later in most European countries.A. Roman lawB. Napoleonic CodeC. French lawD. British lawdistance zone ranging from 4 inches to about 8 feet is referred so as the_____ zone.A. publicB. intimateC. socio-consultativeD. casual-personalone’s open hand with palm down to one’s throat means “_____” in English culture.A. Shame on youB. I’m fullC. Kill yourselfD. You’re shorter than Iproxemics scholars are particularly interested in the _____ between interlocutors in interpersonal communication.A. relative rightsB. relationshipC. distanceD. relative obligationbrand name _____ is neutral or positive in meaning in Chinese culture but pejorative in English cultureA.青岛啤酒B.白象牌电池C.泸洲老窖D.菊花电扇II. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives can complete the statement. There might be more than one correct answer.10%are some important properties of language.A. UnsystematicB. Human specificC. VocalD. A set of symbolsthe expression “to meet one’s Waterloo”,the word “Waterloo” alludes to _____.A. a great victoryB. an achievementC. a final defeatD. a difficult or obstacleEnglish brand names _____ are coinages.A. TraneB. PlaytexC. PierreD. Cartanword “woman” can be defined conceptually as _____.A. an adult femaleB. prone to tearsC. long hair wearingD. biped25.“Purple” in English culture is often associated with _____.A. high rank or stationB. low rank or stationC. imperial or royal rankD. something bestare usually taboo topics in conversations between strangers in English culutre.A. Age and incomeB. Love and marriageC. Political and religious beliefsD. Personal opinions about daily affairsis onomatopoeic words.A. SquealB. MurmurC. RushD. Clickyou respond to the compliment “You look very nice in this dress”,you should say “_____”.A. Thank you.B. No, I don’t think so at all.C. Do you really think soI was not sure whether it suits me.D. It’s very kind of you to say so.serve the function of substitution.A. Saying louder than usual to emphasize a verbal messageB. Pausing before saying something importantC. Waving goodbyeD. Beckoning another person to come“slow” student may be euphemistically referred to as “_____”.A. a mentally retarded studentB. one who is working at his/her own levelC. one who can do better work with helpD. a problem student第二部分非选择题共70分III. Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression.12%invisible, portable space that surrounds us is referred to as _____ space.thinking interacts with English, while holistic thinking interacts with Chinese.33.“Pay one’s debt to nature” is the euphemism for _____.English equivalent of “寒舍” is _____.an English paragraph the sentence representing the central idea is referred to as _____ and often located at the initial part of the paragraph.is safe to say that Chinese advertising as a whole tends to be more _____ than English advertising.language represents thought, it is _____ by thought.is generally true that an English word may represent a _____ or associative meaning different from that of its translation equivalent in Chinese.English functional equivalent for “敬请光临” is _____.English proverbial equivalent for “金无足赤,人无完人”is _____.English expression _____ is equivalent to “秃子头上的虱子——明摆着” in China.refers to a kind of journalism with heavy emphasis on scandals, or resenting ordinary news in a sensational manner.IV. Answer the following questions briefly:12%is the English equivalent for “黑信”is the British equivalent for the American word “raincoat”is the major difference between English and Chinese descriptive texts in styleis it said that English is a hypotactic language and Chinese is a paratactic languagehitchhiking is symbolized in English culturecross-cultural contrasts can you find between English and Chinese titles in vocativesV. Translation:16%breathed his last during the night.born to the purple are destined to live in the public eye.greatest artist of the first half of this century has long last gone the way of all flesh.rose by any other name would smell as sweet.53.为金钱而侍奉上帝的人会为更多的报酬服侍魔鬼.54.你对他期望过高了.干这活他还是新手呢.55.请提宝贵意见.56.别指望亚瑟会为自己辩护,他胆小如鼠.VI. Define the following term:10%core Englishthinkingblack sheepc cultureprincipleVII. Discuss the following topics:20%are bodily organs related to sex and sexual intercourse treated in English and Chinesecross-cultural contrast can you find between English and Chinese telephone calls。

2017年4月高等教育自学考试《英语词汇学》试题课程代码：00832第一部分选择题(共30分)I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement. (30%)1. Which of the following is NOT true about the definition of a word?A. A word has a given meaning.B. A word is a soundless unity.C. A word is the minimal free form of a language.D. A word is a form that can function alone in a sentence.2. Words may fall into content words and functional words byA. notionB. originC. functionD. use frequency3. Newly-created words or expressions, or words that have taken on new meanings areA. slangB. argotC. neologismsD. archaisms4. The Indo-European language is made up of most of the languages of Europe, ~, and India.A. AsiaB. AfricaC. the Near EastD. the Far East5. There are such new words as fast food, talk shows, and open university in Modern English.These words showA. the invasion of foreign countriesB. social, economic and political changesC. the influence of other cultures and languagesD. the rapid development of modern science and technology6. Which of the following is NOT tree?A. English is more closely related to German than French.B. Modem English is considered to be an analytic language.C. The introduction of printing into England marked the beginning of modem English period.D. The four major foreign contributors to English vocabulary in earlier times are Latin, French,Scandinavian and Italian.7. The smallest functioning unit in the composition of words isA. morphemeB. affixesC. rootD. stem8. There is/are monomorphemic word(s) in the following words: cats, boss, work, geese, tried.A. 1B. 2C. 3D. 49. Which of the following words does NOT have suffixes?A. bossyB. widenC. happyD. worker10. The word that has a prefix of size isA. misconductB. devalueC. anti-nuclearD. mini-election11. The formation of new words by converting words of one class to another class is calledA. prefixationB. compoundingC. conversionD. clipping12. The following words are formed by clipping EXCEPTA. phoneB. motelC. dormD. flu13. In word meaning, the relationship between language and the word is , by means of which,a speaker indicates which things in the world are being talked about.A. referenceB. conceptC. senseD. motivation14. Which of the following examples shows that every word that has meaning has sense, but notevery word has reference?A. argue, quarrelB. probable, butC. pavement, sidewalkD. much time, many people15. In modem English some words were created by imitating the natural sounds or noises, and thesounds suggest their meanings, like bang, croak, and buzz. These words are otivated.A. onomatopoeicallyB. morphologicallyC. semanticallyD. etymologically16. The central meaning of the word face isA. a surface of a thingB. the front of the headC. the functional surfaceD. the appearance17. Words like bow that means bending the head as a greeting and bow that means the device usedas shooting arrows are calledA. synonymsB. homographsC. homophonesD. antonyms18. Which of the following groups of words shows difference of synonyms in denotation?A. extend--increaseB. homely--domesticC. policeman--copD. sense--meaning19. The word liquor once meant liquid, but now means alcoholic drink. This is an example ofof word-meaning.A. extensionB. narrowingC. transferD. degradation20. For the word nice, its original meaning was "ignorant", then changed to "foolish" and now itmeans "deligfitful, pleasant". This process is of word-meaning.A. extensionB. elevationC. transferD. degradation21. reason is reflected in the meaning change of the word car, from "a two-wheel cart drawn by horses and used in war" to "automobile".A. ClassB. TechnicalC. PsychologicalD. Historical22. The context where the meaning of a word is influenced by the structure in which it occurs iscalled context.A. non-linguisticB. lexicalC. semanticD. grammatical23. That landlord means differently in western countries and in China shows that contexthas some effect on the meaning of words.A. grammaticalB. lexicalC. linguisticD. extra-linguistic24. Ambiguity often arises due to ~, as is shown in the sentence "Thefish is ready to eat."A. polysemyB. homonomyC. grammatical structureD. lexical structure25. The idiom" "is an idiom nominal in nature.A. white elephantB. up in the airC. make itD. tooth and nail26. The idiom" "is an example of euphemism.A. as mute as a fishB. earn one's breadC. powder one's noseD. crocodile tears27. The following are rhetorical features of idioms EXCEPTA. literary expressionsB. figures of speechC. phonetic manipulationD. lexical manipulation28. The reader cannot find pronunciation or meanings or usage but other information inA. desk dictionariesB. linguistic dictionariesC. encyclopediaD. pocket dictionaries29. Which of the following is the best-known unabridged dictionary?A. The Concise Oxford Dictionary, Ninth Edition (1996)B. Webster ~ Third New International DictionaryC. Webster ~ Ninth New Collegiate DictionaryD. Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English, New Edition (1987)30. Usage notes in LDCE New Edition (1987) cover the following EXCEPTA. difficult grammar and stylistic pointsB. differences between British and American usagesC. discrimination between synonyms and near-synonymsD. examples selected from actual usage, not invented by compilers第二部分非选择题(共70分)II. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (15%)31. In different languages the same concept can be represented by different Forexample, woman becomes "Frau" in German, and '~femme" in French.32. In Old English period, the introduction of Christianity had a great impact on the Englishvocabulary. It brought many terms such as altar, amen and candle.33. The basic form of a word which cannot be further analyzed without total loss of identity is a。

全国2003年10月高等教育自学考试语言与文化试题课程代码：00838第一部分选择题（共30分）I. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read eachstatement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives best completes the statement.(20%)1.A cold dish of raw vegetables with a dressing is called _____.A. hamburgerB. sandwichC. saladD. pudding2.All languages have _____ terms and distinguish at least three characteristics in relatives.A. generationB. subtleC. complicatedD. kinship3.English speakers are direct people who tend to _____.A. locate peripheral meaning before central meaningB. locate central meaning before central meaningC. locate the modified after the modifierD. think holistically4.In English all the prefixes are _____ morphemes.A. inflectionalB. grammaticalC. derivationalD. implicit5.Which of the following statements is not true?A. English speakers have a relatively small range of possibilities to select from when namingtheir newly born babies.B. English surnames are more distinctive than given names.C. English given names are more distinctive than surnames.D. Names include given names, surnames, full names and nicknames or pet names.6.If an English speaker refuses the compliment which merely comes out of politeness, he may say _____.A.“Do you really think so?”B.“Oh, I wish it could be true.”C.“Oh, you are too polite.”D.“No, I don’t think so.”7.“To make a cat laugh”means _____.A. to be comicB. to be tragicC. to be proudD. to be serious8.The English equivalent for “前车之覆，后车之鉴”can be “_____”.A. Rats desert a sinking shipB.A small leak will sink a great shipC. He that would sail without danger must never come on the main seaD. Let another’s shipwreck be your seamark9.“Green”connotes _____ in English culture.A. ProsperityB. immaturityC. longevityD. sincerity10.“Brown paper”corresponds to _____.A.棕色纸B.秘密文件C.揭露社会黑暗的报纸D.牛皮纸11.The English equivalent for “空袭紧急警报”is _____.A. blue alertB. white alertC. red alertD. black alert12.“Sanitary engineer”is the euphemistic expression for “_____”.A. garbage collectorB. cleanerC. plumberD. gardener13.“敬请指正”can be treated as the Chinese equivalent of “_____”in English.A. I’d like to have your comments.B. Will you please point out my errors?C. I’d like to have errors correctedD. I’ll gratefully expect your comments.14.When the speaker or writer discusses many things indirectly related to the central idea ofthe text and /or to each other he or she develops the text in a(n) _____ fashion.A .linear B. spiralC. inductiveD. deductive15.The most striking phonetic difference between American and British English is thepronunciation of _____ in words.A. rB. aC. whD. er16.The first _____ made in 449 B.C. had strong impact on the laws made later in mostEuropean countries.A. Roman lawB. Napoleonic CodeC. French lawD. British law17.The distance zone ranging from 4 inches to about 8 feet is referred so as the _____ zone.A. publicB. intimateC. socio-consultativeD. casual-personal18.Raising one’s open hand with palm down to one’s throat means “_____”in English culture.A. Shame on youB. I’m fullC. Kill yourselfD. You’re shorter than I19.In proxemics scholars are particularly interested in the _____ between interlocutors ininterpersonal communication.A. relative rightsB. relationshipC. distanceD. relative obligation20.The brand name _____ is neutral or positive in meaning in Chinese culture but pejorativein English culture?A.青岛啤酒B.白象牌电池C.泸洲老窖D.菊花电扇II. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives can complete the statement. There might be more than one correct answer.(10%)21._____ are some important properties of language.A. UnsystematicB. Human specificC. VocalD. A set of symbols22.In the expression “to meet one’s Waterloo”,the word “Waterloo”alludes to _____.A. a great victoryB. an achievementC. a final defeatD. a difficult or obstacle23.The English brand names _____ are coinages.A. TraneB. PlaytexC. PierreD. Cartan24.The word “woman”can be defined conceptually as _____.A. an adult femaleB. prone to tearsC. long hair wearingD. biped25.“Purple”in English culture is often associated with _____.A. high rank or stationB. low rank or stationC. imperial or royal rankD. something best26._____ are usually taboo topics in conversations between strangers in English culutre.A. Age and incomeB. Love and marriageC. Political and religious beliefsD. Personal opinions about daily affairs27._____ is onomatopoeic words.A. SquealB. MurmurC. RushD. Click28.When you respond to the compliment “You look very nice in this dress”,you should say“_____”.A. Thank you.B. No, I don’t think so at all.C. Do you really think so? I was not sure whether it suits me.D. It’s very kind of you to say so.29._____ serve the function of substitution.A. Saying louder than usual to emphasize a verbal messageB. Pausing before saying something importantC. Waving goodbyeD. Beckoning another person to come30.A “slow”student may be euphemistically referred to as “_____”.A. a mentally retarded studentB. one who is working at his/her own levelC. one who can do better work with helpD. a problem student第二部分非选择题(共70分)III. Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression.(12%)31.The invisible, portable space that surrounds us is referred to as _____ space.32._____ thinking interacts with English, while holistic thinking interacts with Chinese.33.“Pay one’s debt to nature”is the euphemism for _____.34.The English equivalent of “寒舍”is _____.35.In an English paragraph the sentence representing the central idea is referred to as _____and often located at the initial part of the paragraph.36.It is safe to say that Chinese advertising as a whole tends to be more _____ than Englishadvertising.37.Since language represents thought, it is _____ by thought.38.It is generally true that an English word may represent a _____ or associative meaningdifferent from that of its translation equivalent in Chinese.39.The English functional equivalent for “敬请光临”is _____.40.The English proverbial equivalent for “金无足赤，人无完人”is _____.41.The English expression _____ is equivalent to “秃子头上的虱子——明摆着”inChina.42._____ refers to a kind of journalism with heavy emphasis on scandals, or resentingordinary news in a sensational manner.IV. Answer the following questions briefly:(12%)43.What is the English equivalent for “黑信”?44.What is the British equivalent for the American word “raincoat”?45.What is the major difference between English and Chinese descriptive texts in style?46.Why is it said that English is a hypotactic language and Chinese is a paratactic language?47.How hitchhiking is symbolized in English culture?48.What cross-cultural contrasts can you find between English and Chinese titles in vocatives?V. Translation:(16%)49.He breathed his last during the night.50.Those born to the purple are destined to live in the public eye.51.The greatest artist of the first half of this century has long last gone the way of all flesh.52.A rose by any other name would smell as sweet.53.为金钱而侍奉上帝的人会为更多的报酬服侍魔鬼。

绝密★考试结束前全国2013年10月高等教育自学考试语言与文化试题课程代码：00838请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案涂、写在答题纸上。

选择题部分注意事项：1．答题前，考生务必将自己的考试课程名称、姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔填写在答题纸规定的位置上。

2．每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题纸上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

不能答在试题卷上。

I. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives best completes the statement and blacken your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.(20%)1. Language is vocal. This statement means that the primary medium of language is _____.A. writingB. speechC. body languageD. native language2. A person who cannot read or write is only an “illiterate”. However, a person who cannot speak is normally regarded as“disabled”. This fa ct shows _____.A. speech existed long before the writing system came into beingB. normal children always learn to speak firstC. speech is more important than writing for people’s daily lifeD. written symbols are designed to represent speech3. “Statesman” and “politician” can both be used to refer to a high gover nment official. “Politician” conveys a derogative meaning while “statesman” does not. In this sense, the two words are mainly distinguished by their _____ meaning.A. conceptualB. connotativeC. socialD. affective4. Which of the following pairs of English expressions and their Chinese equivalents is NOT correct?A. house-warming—房屋供暖B. wall clock—挂钟C. stop watch—跑表D. contact lenses—隐形眼镜5. In which sentence does “it” function on ly as a grammatical subject and not refer to anything?Sentence 1: It is raining.Sentence 2: It is 9:00 o ’clock.Sentence 3: It is very cold.Sentence 4: It is my book.A. Sentence 1,2B. Sentence 3,4C. Sentence 1,2,3D. Sentence 2,3,46. How many morphemes are there in the word “international”?7. You invite your English speaking friend to have dinner in your house. When he compliments that the food is very tasty, your response might be “_____”.A. No, it’s not good at all.B. Thank you. I’m glad you like it.C. You are so nice to say so.D. My cooking is poor.8. “Excuse me” can be used in the following occasions EXCEPT _____.A. when people want to pass in front of othersB. when people want to leave a partyC. when people are a few minutes late for an appointmentD. when people want to excuse themselves from company9. “Red tape” means _____.A. a red cassetteB. the rigid unnecessary official rules and regulationsC. the necessary official rules and regulationsD. a red string10. The English equivalent for “前车之覆，后车之鉴” canbe“ _____”.A. rats desert a sinking shipB. a small leak will sink a great shipC. he that would sail without danger must never come on the main seaD. let another’s shipwreck be your seamark11. What does the expression “a blue fit” mean in informal English?A. a girl’s dressB. alarmC. unhappy feelingsD. a sad day12. What is the meaning of “a bear” in “He is a bear at fine arts.”?A. a huge guyB. a wealthy manC. good atD. clumsy13. A Chinese shows respect not only to a superior as his interlocutor. He uses honorifics to refer to his superior no matter whether his superior is present or not. For example, an emperor was called _____ when he was referred to in speeches or letters.A. 殿下B. 皇帝C. 陛下D. 圣上14. Euphemisms are also frequently used in education. If a teacher describes a student as “being able to do better workwith help”, he might mean that the student is _____.A. slowB. lazyC. cheating in classD. lying15. The logical relation the sentences below exhibit is _____.－Are your parents coming to the Expo Sites?－Yes, they are.A. coherenceB. cohesionC. connectionD. conduction16. What is the logical relation of the sentences below?“Tickets, please. ” said the conductor. In a moment passengers were holding out their tickets.A. additiveB. adversativeC. causalD. temporal17. Uranium is the god of _____.A. heavens and father of TitansB. the sea, son of Saturn and brother of JupiterC. agriculture and father of JupiterD. the sky and the king of the gods18. In contemporary legal documents _____ are used thinly.A. loan wordsB. adjectivesC. punctuation marksD. long sentences19. Crossing one’s forefinger and middle finger signifies_____ in English speaking countries.A. surpriseB. good luckC. victoryD. frustration20. In proxemics scholars are particularly interested in the _____ between interlocutors in interpersonal communication.A. relative rightsB. relationshipC. distanceD. relative obligationII. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide what alternatives can complete the statement and blacken your answer(s) on the ANSWER SHEET. There might be more than one correct answer. (10%) 21. Language is not entirely arbitrary. The words which have association with the sounds or the meaning of the compounds are not arbitrary. Which of the following English or Chinese words are NOT created arbitrarily?A. redB. greenhouseC. 钉子D. 叮当22. Affective meaning is communicated when the feelings or attitudes are expressed in language.Which of the following expressions are chiefly used to convey affective meaning?A. My god!B. It’s my book.C. You are a liar.D. You are a student.23. Which of the following words have more than one morpheme?A. beesB. mapC. herD. nicer24. The personal names related to the date of birth are quite popular in China. Which of the following names can reflect such feature?A. 蒋飞扬B.贾元春C. 蔡国庆D.潘长江25. “To ride one’s high horse” means _____.A. to be proudB. to be haughtyC. to be energeticD. to be arrogant26. “Purple” in English culture is often associated with_____.A. high rank or stationB. low rank or stationC. imperial or royal rankD. something best27. Which of the following is the euphemism of “poor”?A. needyB. underprivilegedC. shabbyD. disadvantaged28. In the normal text sentences are connected _____.A. arbitrarilyB. hypotacticallyC. paratacticallyD. randomly29. Regulators, which help us to interact with other people, include _____.A. head-scratchingB. hand gesturesC. lip-bitingD. head nods30. Human beings have a strong sense of territory and their territories can be classified into the following categories _____.A. privateB. publicC. primaryD. secondary非选择题部分注意事项：用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔将答案写在答题纸上，不能答在试题卷上。

2017 年 4 月现代汉语真题一、单项选择题（本大题共20 小题，每小题1 分，共20 分）在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其选出。

错选、多选或未选均无分。

1.【题干】根据20 世纪80 年代末《中国语言地图集》所做的归类，现代汉语的大方言区有（）。

【选项】A．7 个B．8 个C．9 个D．10 个【答案】D【解析】p26，10 大方言语为：北方方言区、吴方言区、湘方言区、赣方言区、客家方言区、闽南方言区、闽北方言区、粤方言区、晋语方言区、平话方言区。

【考点】现代汉语2.【题干】语音所代表的意义是由这种语言的全体社会成员约定俗成的，这反映了语音的（）。

【选项】A．生理性质B．社会性质C．物理性质D．强弱性质【答案】C【解析】p41，语音声音和意义之间的联系并不是必然的，而是由使用这种语言的全体社会成员约定俗成的，是语音的社会性质。

【考点】语音的社会性质3.【题干】下列各词，两个音节声母都是舌尖中音的是（）。

【选项】A．大闹B．子弟C．纪念D．小李【答案】A【解析】p48，舌尖中音为d、t、n、l【考点】声母的发音部位4.【题干】下列音节，韵母是前元音的是（）。

【选项】A．特B．寄C．五D．墨【答案】B【解析】p59，前元音为i、ê、ü。

央元音a，后元音为e、u、o。

【考点】单元音韵母的发音部位5.【题干】下列音节，调值为35 的是（）。

【选项】A．欢B．去C．里D．羊【答案】D【解析】p71，调值35 为阳平。

【考点】普通话的声调6.【题干】下列韵母，不能构成零声母音节、只能和辅音声母构成音节的是（）。

【选项】A．ongB．erC．uengD．a【答案】A【解析】BCD 都可以直接构成零声母音节。

【考点】韵母7.【题干】下列汉字，属于合体字的是（）。

【选项】A．秉B．曼C．十D．二【答案】B【解析】p121，合体字指由两个或两个以上部件组合而成的字。

全国2001年10月高等教育自学考试语言与文化试题课程代码：00838Ⅰ.Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives best completes the statement.(20%)nguage is ________.( )A.the product of the human brainB.rule governedC.independent of cultureD.the result of social institutions2.Culture is a loan word from ________.A.FrenchtinC.RomanD.Norwegian3.In South Africa, Australia and New Zealand the first week day after Christmas is________.( )A.Boxing DayB.Thanksgiving DayC.EasterD.St.Valentine's Day4.A bun or bread roll containing fried or grilled steak is called .( )A.hamburgerB.sandwichC.hot dogD.pudding5.In the following words,________ contains a derivational morpheme.A.nicerB.mapsC.precedeD.worked6.In the following statements,________ is not true.( )A.“English is a language with explicit grammar and Chinese is a language with implicitgrammar.”B.“Compared with Chinese, English has more grammatical morphemes that are used morefrequently in either speech or writing.”C.“Chinese has no grammatical morphemes.”D.“Grammatical explicitness and consistency are required in English.”7.We can often find personal names in English that are related to .( )A.historical eventsB.natural phenomenaC.influential figuresD.the place of birth8.Abraham is a ________.( )A.religious nameB.flower nameC.weapon name of authority9.The Chinese personal letters generally sound more ________ in tone than their corresponding English ones.A.formalrmalC.ornateD.plain10.“To have the tendency to stretch the truth”can be used as the euphemism for“________”.( )A.to provide true informationB.to tell others’ fortuneC.to lieD.to steal11.The expression that can be used as the euphemism for “garbage collector”is “________”.A.collecting engineerB.garbage engineerC.sanitary engineerD.sanitation engineer.12.寒舍is equivalent to ________ in English.A.my homeB.my humble homeC.my cold houseD.my shabby hut13.The Chinese expression“给我一座金山，我也不干”corresponds to the English idiom________.( )A.to keep one's nose cleanB.not for all the tea in ChinaC.not to bat an eyelidD.to make one's flesh creep14.“Not to mince one's words”means ________.A.speak frankly,bluntly or coarselyB.speak indirectlyC.speak thoughtfullyD.speak mindlessly15.The expression “that young man is a bear at mathematics”has a similar meaning to________.( )A.that young man is bad at mathematicsB.that young man is good at mathematicsC.that young man is clumsy at mathematicsD.that young man is a mathematician16.In English culture “white”connotes ________.( )A.deathB.crueltyC.reactionD.innocence17.British English is spoken in ________.( )A.Great BritainB.AustraliaC.New ZealandD.A,B,and C.18.Rubbing one's thumb against one's forefinger and middle finger means in English bodylanguage system.A.moneyB.dirtC.OKD.victory19.Gestures that can fully take the place of spoken words are .( )A.illustratorsB.emblemsC.regulatorsD.adapters20.Generally ________ is the most difficult among the following in the learning of foreignnonverbal communication.( )A.transferB.reassociationC.conflictD.reinterpretationⅡ.EAch of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives.Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives can complete the statement. There might be more than one correct answer.(10%)21.In English culture “blue”is often associated with ________.( )A.unhappy feelingsB.high social positionC.jealousy and envycking experience22.The idiomatic expression“to put one's foot in one's mouth”means .( )A.to say something embarrassingB.to just make itC.to have an angry attitudeD.to say something wrong or unsuitable23.________is an outright offensive racist world.A.GirlB.BoyC.NiggerD.Negro24.At first we thought we would go for a holiday.________we learned we were needed at home.A.UnfortunatelyB.And thenC.UnexpectedlyD.Subsequently25.In British English,to gain the attention of a stranger, speakers often rely on “______”.( )A.Excuse meB.HelloC.Miss/Ma'am/Mister/sirD.I beg your pardon26.________are named after their designers or manufacturers.A.FordB.ChanelC.SalemD.Rolex27.Westerners often draw a cross by touching the forehead,breast and shoulders to invoke theblessing of Christ,when they are ________.( )A.angryB.shockedC.sadD.amusednguage is ________.( )A.an instrument used in the communication of thought.B.the function of the human brain.C.nonverbal from the very beginningD.closely related to thinking.29.In the following cultural interpretations for the differences in word order between English andChinese,________ is reasonable.A.English people are inclined to think inductively, while Chinese people tend to thinkdeductively.B.English people are inclined to think deductively, while Chinese people tend to thinkinductively.C.English people are direct and Chinese people are indirect.D.English is a hypotactic language and Chinese is a paratactic language.30.One can get ________ in a drugstore or chemist's shop.A.medicinesB.chemicalsC.toiletriesD.magazines.Ⅲ.Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression.(12%)nguage is the carrier and ___________ of culture.32.Many English words are distinguished by their ___________ meanings,which are normallyattached to conceptual meanings.33.In English all the prefixes are ___________ morphemes.34.Given names used as vocatives suggest ___________ between the addresser and the addressee.35.In ___________ argumentation the supporting facts or details are located before the conclusion.36.“Son of a bitch”, as a swear word, is more ___________ than “damn it”.37.When describing a place English speakers prefer ___________ language representing freshideas.38.The English proverbial expression ___________ corresponds to “明珠暗投”in Chinese.39.When I finally secured a small part in a television play my mother was as proud as a ___ andtold all the neighbours about it.40.Similes and metaphors must have two components:___________ and ___________.41.___________in English is often used metaphorically to refer to a formidably fierce, cruel person,especially a woman.42.Nonverbal communication is often used with ___________ behaviours to convey meaning.Ⅳ.Answer the following questions briefly：(12%)43.What is the American equivalent for the British word “maize”?44.What does the gesture “touching or pointing to one's own nose by raised thumb ”signify inwestern culture?45.What does “a shylock" allude to ?46.How would you explain in relation to culture the metaphorical statement “his skin was white asleprosy”?47.Why has it been claimed that English texts develop in a linear fashion?48.How will you explain the contrast of explicit grammar in English and implicit grammar inChinese?Ⅴ.Translation:(16%)49.Do you see anything green in my eye?50.I can't thank you enough.——Don't mention it.51.The young man sitting between Mary and John is the editor-in-chief of our campus newspaper.52.The calmest husbands make the stormiest wives.53.Those born to the purple are destined to live in the public eye.54.敬请光临55.作了婆婆忘了作媳妇时的苦。