中科院考博英语部分真题及其解析

2011年10月中国科学院考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Cloze 3. Reading Comprehension 4. English-Chinese Translation 5. WritingStructure and V ocabulary1．In swimming it is necessary to______the movement of the arms and legs.A．coordinateB．harmonizeC．collaborateD．mediate正确答案：A解析：本题考查动词的含义。

A协调，调节；B使和谐；C合作；D调停，调解。

句子的意思是：游泳时手臂与腿部动作要协调。

2．Beijing’s private cars will be banned from the roads ______for one day a week during a six-month trial period.A．incidentallyB．occasionallyC．randomlyD．alternately正确答案：D解析：本题考查副词的含义。

A附带地，顺便提及地；B有时候，偶尔；C 随机地，任意地；D交替地，轮流地。

句子的意思是：北京的私家车将每周轮流一次禁止上路，试行6个月。

3．Joe puts too much______on pills from the drugstore and does not listen to his doctor.A．applianceB．defianceC．relianceD．compliance正确答案：C解析：本题考查名词的含义。

A用具，器具；B挑战，挑衅，蔑视；C依赖；D遵从，依从。

句子的意思是：乔过于依赖药店里的药，不听医生的话。

4．Among 169 cases, the smokers______85.79% , and the ratio between males and females is 3.7 to 1.A．answer forB．account forC．take upD．sum up正确答案：B解析：本题考查动词词组的含义。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国科学院考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Parents often fall into the trap of offering other food in order to（） the child to eat. 问题1选项A.temptB.manipulateC.incenseD.escort【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。

tempt “吸引，诱使”；manipulate “操作，操控”；incense “使激怒”；escort“护送，陪同”。

句意：家长们常常陷入困境，通过别的食物来吸引孩子好好吃饭。

选项A符合句意。

2.翻译题Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Write your Chinese version in the proper space on your Answer Sheet.In the U.S., citizens tend to rely on electronic media such as TV rather than print media. TV news tends to provide numerous visuals and abbreviated textual information. (1) Although TV news stories pitch “on-the-scene reporting”, and other eye-catching images to viewers, the actual stories are generally so brief that were the reports transcribed into newspaper copy, no single story would have enough text to cover a third of a page. It is remarkable to consider how little information is conveyed between all the exciting visuals. (2) It is also remarkable to stop and think about how inadequately informed citizens may be if their primary source of political knowledge is the picture-rich and data-poor TV evening news. Moreover, because U.S. media companies are primarily privately owned, (3) media professionals are under pressure to present news in an entertaining way in order to expand their audiences and corresponding advertising revenues. Large audiences create higher profits from advertising sales. With a few exceptions, U.S. TV and radio stations are like other businesses: They need to generate money to cover operating costs and make profits. If media professionals are convinced that viewers want entertaining news rather than in-depth details, this assumption affects the kind of news they produce. Not surprisingly, political scientists have found that news coverage of election campaigns tends to focus on the personal lives of candidates rather than on issues, and (4) when issues are reported the emphasis is often on the immediate and most dramatic implications of the issues, not on the historical, long-term, or global dimensions of those issues.At the same time, insofar as television and Internet-based news must be generated quickly, time pressures impede extensive independent investigations. Because U.S. citizens conceptualize news as something occurring by the hour or minute, U.S. media professionals are often putting together news stories under severe time restraints. (5) Some analysts believe that this increases the tendency of reporters to get information from official sources rather than from the reporters’ own independent investigations of newsworthy events. Think about this issue from the standpoint of reporters and editors. If you are a reporter assigned the task of doing a story on a state’s new prison system, for example, you will find it is quicker and easier to get a governor’s press release on the new prison than it is to go to libraries, data banks, and university research centers to investigate the topic on your own. This does not suggest that investigative journalism never occurs; rather, many scholars believe that time pressures tend to encourage the use of information provided by official sources (for example, political leaders and their press secretaries) rather than the collection of facts through ongoing independent research.【答案】【参考译文】（1）虽然电视新闻故事多推崇“现场报道”或者其他吸人眼球的形象，但是实际上这些故事通常都很简短，要是把这些报道转写成报纸版面的话，它们任何一个都占不了三分之一的版面。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国科学技术大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Green plants or other photosynthesizing organisms use light energy from the sun to manufacture carbohydrates for their own needs. Most of this chemical energy is processed in metabolism and dissipated as heat in respiration.问题1选项A.emergedB.convertedC.evolvedD.consumed【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. emerged （从隐蔽处或暗处）出现，浮现B. converted （使）转变，转换C. evolved （使）逐渐形成，逐步发展D. consumed 消耗，耗费（燃料、能量、时间等）【答案】D【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】dissipated的意思为“（使）消散，消失”，指的是大部分能量在呼吸过程中散失，结合语境，consumed与之词义相近，因此D选项正确。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项词义与之不符。

【句意】绿色植物或其他进行光合作用的生物利用来自太阳的光能制造碳水化合物来满足自己的需要。

大部分化学能量在新陈代谢过程中被处理，在呼吸过程中以热的形式消散。

2.单选题As we passed over the dark bridge her wan face fell lazily against my coat’s shoulder.问题1选项A.charmingB.cheerfulC.paleD.uneasy【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. charming 令人着迷的，迷人的B. cheerful 快乐的，高兴的C. pale 灰白的，苍白的D. uneasy 担心的，忧虑的【答案】C【考查点】形容词辨析。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国科学技术大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题The years following the publication of Darwin’s work have seen a fabulous development of general and human paleontology.问题1选项A.distinctiveB.parallelC.marvelousD.unique【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. distinctive 独特的，特别的B. parallel 极相似的，同时发生的C. marvelous 极好的，非凡的D. unique 独特的，罕见的【答案】C【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】fabulous的意思为“极好的，绝妙的；很大的，巨大的”，用来形容development，指的是古生物学和人类古生物学发展得特别好，非常迅速，marvelous与之词义相近，因此C选项正确。

【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项词义与之不符。

【句意】在达尔文发表著作几年后，古生物学和人类古生物学都取得了惊人的进展。

2.填空题Those Asian Americans whose families have been living in the United States for several generations resent to be singled out and stereotyped as part of a supermajority. They feel that their achievements are only comparable to what otherABCDimmigrant groups have done in the past.【答案】B to be singled out改为being singled out【解析】【考查点】动词。