虚拟语气
虚拟语气是一种动词形式，表示说话人的一种愿望，假设，怀疑，猜测，建议等含义，虚拟语气所表示的含义不是客观存在的事实。
If I were you, I'd take them away. 如果我是你的话，我就会带走他们。
If I had met Li Hua, I could have told him. 如果我碰见了李华，我就告诉他了。If I had time, I could come to help you. 如果我有时间，我会来帮助你的。
He suggested that our class should be divided into five groups. 他建议说我们的班应该分成五个小组。
He speaks to us as if he had been there. 他给我们讲的好象他去过那儿。
虚拟(条件)语气中，主句与从句中谓语动词的形式可分为下面四类
虚拟语气的用法
1) 虚拟语气用在简单句中，表示祝愿，命令。
May you be happy. 祝你幸福。
May you have a good time. 祝愿你玩的痛快。
May the friendship between us last long. 祝愿我们的友情天长地久。
Have a good journey! 祝愿你旅途愉快！
You go out！你出去！
2) 虚拟语气用在宾语从句中。
动词wish, suggest, order, insist, propose, advice,maintain, suggest (建议), recommend (推荐), advise (劝告), propose (建议)insist (坚持), consent (允诺) decide (决定), order (命令)request (要求), demand (要求), desire (期望), ask (要求)maintain (主张), urge (催促) “should+动词原形”
等词后面的宾语从句表示的是一种虚拟语气，宾语从句中的动词动作表示的只是一种愿望、要求。
I wish she would be on my side. 我希望她能站在我一边。
I wish I could help him. 我希望我能帮助他。
He insisted that all of us should be there on time by any means. 他坚持要我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿。
动词demand, suggest, order, insist, propose 后面的从句中，"should" 可以省略。The teacher suggested that we (should) clean the blackboard after class. 老师建议我们课后把黑板擦了。He ordered that the students wash the clothes every week by themselves. 他要求学生每周都要自己洗衣服。
3) 虚拟语气用在主语从句中。
在句型"It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that .... " 中，that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用：should + 动词原形It's necessary that we should have a walk now. 我们有必要出去散散步。It's natural that she should do so. 她这样做是很自然的。It's important that we should take good care of
the patient. 重要的是我们要照顾好病人。
4) 虚拟语气用在状语从句中。虚拟语气最多地用在表示条件的状语从句和表示结果的从句中。在表示与事实相反的虚拟语气时，动词有三种时态形式，即现在、过去和将来。
A．与现在事实相反的：If I (we, you, he, they)+ 动词过去式.. if I (he, she) were...
I (we) should + 动词原形。He (you, they) would + 动词原形。
B．与过去事实相反的：If I(we, you ,he, they)+ had + 过去分词I(we)should + have+ 过去分词。
He (you, they) would + have + 过去分词。
If I were you, I should buy it. 如果我是你，我就买了它。
If I had time, I would study French. 如果我有时间，我会学习法语的。
If she knew English, she would not ask me for help. 如果她懂英语的话，她不会找我帮忙的。
If you had got up earlier, you could have caught the train. 如果你早一点起床，就会赶上火车的。
If it were fine tomorrow, I would go shopping. 如果明天天气好，我就去买东西。
注意: 有关虚拟语气的几个问题***
1) 有时if引导的状语从句可以省略if，而把从句中的动词were, had 或should 移到主语前面。
Were she younger, she would do it . 如果她年青点，她就会干的。
Had he known her address, he would had gone to visit her. 如果他知道她的地址，他会去看她的。
2) 有时表示虚拟语气的条件从句或者主句都可以省略，而只剩下一个主句或者一个条件从句。
I could help you. 我本来可以帮助你。
If I had time. 我要有时间该多好啊！
She should have come to the party. 她应该来参加聚会。
If he had much more money. 如果他有更多的钱就能...。
3) 虚拟语气中，条件从句的动词动作可以和主句的动词动作时态不一致。
If they had studied hard, they could do it easily now. 如果他们以前努力学习的话，现在干的就会容易些。If he had not taken my advice, he wouldn't do it much better like this. 如果他不听取我的建议，他就不会干得这样好。
1.I suggest that we (should 可省略,下同) start the meeting at once.
(suggest, should + start) (表示建议立即开会)
2.The doctor suggested that he (should ) try to lose his weight.
(suggested, should + try) (表示建议你应该减肥喔)
3. He insisted that all of us (should) be there on time by any mains.
(insisted, should + be) (表示坚持,无论如何都要准时到那儿。你再讲也没用哩！)
4. He insisted that we (should) tell him the news.(insisted, should + tell) (表示非要你告诉他不可)
5. He ordered that the students (should) wash the clothes every week by themselves. (ordered, should + wash) (表示命令学生们每周自己洗衣服)
注意注意注意！！！虚拟语气在其他句型中的使用：
1. 用在与without, but for, but, otherwise短语连用的句型中：
例句：
The ship would have sunk with all on board but for efforts of the captain.
The rescue arrived in time, otherwise They would have been frozen to death.
2. 用在It’s time 句型中：It’s time that 主语+动词过去式……
It’s time that I went to school and picked up my daughter.
3. 在句型…as if /though+主语+动词过去式/were/had done……
例句：
He looked at me as if I were mad .
“I wish people would find out the facts,” she says, “ and not act as if I were a bad or dangerous person.”
It looks as if it’s going to rain.
4. 用在If only 句型中：表示：要是……该多好啊！
（1）If only you hadn’t told Jackie what I said, everything would have been all right.（2）If only you would listen to reason.
初中英语定语从句的用法解析
初中英语定语从句的用法解析
【摘要】定语从句是一种形容词的关系从句。它由关系代词或关系副词引导（1）。初中英语中的定语从句仅限于限制性定于从句，但对初中生来说，定语从句既是一个重点，也是一个难点。
【关键词】定语从句先行词关系代词关系副词
一、英语中的定语从句与汉语中的定语位置不同。在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。英语中的定语从句始终要放在被修饰的词之后，而汉语中的定语则放在被修饰词之前。如：
The man who / that I saw at the school gate yesterday is my English teacher.
先行词定语从句
昨天我在校门口看见的那个人是我的英语老师。
二、英语从句中的句型结构比较复杂，有先行词、关系代词或关系副词。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词或关系副词。限制性关系分句和它的先行项的所指意义有着不可分割的联系（2）。关系代词或关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用，关系代词或关系副词在定语从句中要充当一个成分。关系代词在句中可作主语、宾语或定语，关系副词在句中作状语。如：
I am waiting for the boy who /that is wearing a red coat. （主语）先行词关系代词
我正在等穿着红色外套的那个男孩。
The dictionary that / which my sister gave me last Sunday is very expensive.(宾语) 先行词关系代词
我姐姐上周星期天给我的那本字典很贵。
The woman is his mother whose name is Linda Brown. (定语) 先行词关系代词
那个是他的母亲，名叫琳达·布朗。
That is the house where my father used to live.(状语) 先行词关系副词
那是我父亲曾经居住过的房子。
三、初中英语中的定语从句关系代词或关系副词的具体用法。
1. who指人（也可用that），在定语从句中作主语，也可作宾语。如： Yesterday I helped an old man who / that lost his way. （主语）昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。
Mr Wang is the man (who / that / whom )you met in the zoo this morning.(宾语) 王先生就是今天早上你在动物里遇到的那个人。
注意：关系代词who指人,作宾语时，可用whom代替；作宾语时，关系代词可省略。作其它成分，关系代词则不能省略。
2. whose指人，也可指物。在定语从句中作定语。
The boy whose mother is ill is staying at home to look after her today. 其母亲生病的那个男孩今天呆在家里照顾她。 I have a story book whose cover is red. 我有一本封面是红色的故事书。
3. which指物（也可用that），在定语从句中作主语，也可作宾语。如： Football is a game which / that is liked by most boys. （主语）足球是被大多数男孩喜欢的运动。
I don’t believe the news which / that Tom won the game. (宾语)
我不相信汤姆赢得这场比赛的消息。四、关系代词whom, which在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放在先行词与定语从句之间。如：
That is the place in which I lived for five years.
=That is the place which / that I lived in for five years. 那就是我住过五年的地方。Mr Zhang is the man for whom I am looking.
=Mr Zhang is the man who / whom / that I am looking for. 张先生就是我正在找的那个人。
五、具体使用关系代词或关系副词需要注意的问题。
1. 先行词是地点时，如果该先行词做了定语从句的主语或宾语时，关系代词用that或which. 如： The school that / which I used to study in is becoming better and better. ( the school 作了介词in的宾语。)
我过去曾经学习的那所学校变得越来越好了。
先行词是地点时，如果该先行词不作定语从句的主语或宾语时，关系代词用
where. 如： The place where the accident happened isn’t far from our school. 事故发生的那个地方离我们学校不远。
(定语从句中的动词happened是不及物动词，它不跟宾语，而the accident又作了定语从句的主语，因此该定语从句既不需要主语，也不需要宾语。) 2.只用that，不用which的情况。（1）前有序数词修饰时。如：
This is the tenth gift that I received for my birthday. 这是我收到的第十个生日礼物。
（2）前有形容词最高级修饰时。如：
That is the most exciting game that I have ever watched. 那是我曾经看过最令人兴奋的比赛。
（3）先行词是all, little, few, something, anything, everything等不定代词时。如： All that he told me is true. 他告诉我的一切是真实的。（4）先行词被the only 修饰时。如：
The only thing that I can get is a pen. 我唯一能得到的东西就是一支钢笔。（5）先行词既指人，又指物时。如：
We talked about the people and the things that we were interested in. 我们谈论了我们感兴趣的人和事。
3. 只用which，不用that的情况。
（1）定语从句是物时，定语从句由“介词+关系代词which”引导。如： The thing about which the teacher is talking is very important. 老师正在谈论的那件事非常重要。
（2）先行词本身是that, those时，如：
What’s that which is flying in the sky? 在天空中飞的那是什么？总之，我们作为初中英语教师要把初中英语中的定语从句讲解清楚，帮助学生理解课文和阅读理解中的定语从句，帮助学生用定语从句进行正确的书面表达，为以后更进一步的学习定语从句打下坚实的基础。
英语常见虚拟语气最全总结 一、初中英语虚拟语气 1．If I ____ a candle, I would light the world bright. A．am B．are C．be D．were 【答案】D 【解析】 试题分析：句意：如果我是一根蜡烛，我将点亮这个世界。if I were 如果我是…，were虚拟语气，be动词都用were,故选D 考点：if条件句的虚拟语气 点评：if条件句的虚拟语气，是中考要求掌握的知识点，分为三种情况： 表示与现在事实相反的情况，从句谓语动词用一般过去式（be用were），主句谓语动词 用should/would/could/might +do;2.表示与过去的事实相反的情况，从句谓语动词用过去完成时，主句谓语动词用should/would/could/might+have done;3.表将来的事实相反的情况，从句谓语动词用should+动词/did/were to do，主句谓语动词用should/would/could/might +do。 2．If I _______ you, I _______ go there. A．is; will B．is; would C．were; would D．was; will 【答案】C 【解析】本题考查虚拟语气，if引导的与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。从句用一般过去式，主句用过去将来时。句意：如果我是你的话，我会去那儿的。 1.57．---What would you do if you a million dollars? ---If I you, I’d g ive it to medical research. A．got, were B．win, am C．won, am D．get, were 【答案】A 【解析】本题是考查的虚拟语气，对于将来的假设，主句用过去将来时，从句用一般过去时，且be动词为were，故选A 2.58．What _____ you _____ if you had a million dollars? A．would, did B．will, do C．would, do D．will, did 【答案】C 【解析】本题是对于虚拟语气的特殊疑问句的考查，根据句子的结构，选C 3．I suggest that we Chinese people_______Chinese culture with love and joy everywhere we go. A．spread B．spreading C．to spread D．will spread 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】 句意：我建议我们中国人无论走到哪里都要带着爱心和欢乐来传播中国文化， 考查动词suggest后跟虚拟语气。spread是动词原形；spreading是动名词；to spread是动
定语从句易错题及解析 1. All of the flowers now raised here have developed from those _______ in the forest. A. once they grew B. they grew once C. they once grew D. once grew 2. In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 pm, _____ many people have gone home. A. that B. which C. whose time D. by which time 3. Is this the reason _______ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work? A. he explained B. what he explained C. how he explained D. why he explained 4. Luckily, we’d brought a road map without ______ we would have lost our way. A. it B. that C. this D. which 5. When he was working there he caught a serious illness from _____ effect he still suffers. A. which B. that C. whose D. what 6. It’s said that he’s looking for a new job, ______ he can get more money to support his family. A. when B. where C. that D. which 7. We are living in an age ______ many things are done on computer. A. which B. that C. whose D. when 8. The little time we have together we’ll try _____ wisely. A. spending it B. to spend it C. to spend D. spending that 9. The old building, behind _______ was a famous church, was _______ we used to work. A. that, the place B. it, the place C. which, where D. what, where 10. We will be shown around the city: schools, museums, and some other places, _______ other visit ors seldom go. A. what B. which C. where D. when 11. The modern history of Italy dates from 1860, ______ the country became united. A. when B. if C. since D. until 12. All of the flowers now raised here have developed from those _____ in the forest. A. once they grew B. they grew once C. that once grew D. once grew 13. You could see the runners very well from ______ we stood. A. which B. where C. that D. when 14. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _______ was very reasonable. A. which price B. the price of which
虚拟语气的几个常见句型 河北安新中学田姝晨 虚拟语气表示说话人所说的话不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。常见的用法有以下几种： 一. if 引导的虚拟语气 1. 表示与现在事实相反或假设的情况 If I were you，I would take his advice. 如果我是你，我就会接受他的建议。 If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth.如果没有空气和水，地球上就不会有生命。 2. 表示与过去事实相反或假设的情况 If I had got there earlier, I could have met her.如果我早一点到那的话就能见到她了。 If he had followed my advice, he would not have made such a big mistake. 如果他听了我的话，他就不会犯这么大的错误了。 3. 表示与将来事实相反或假设的情况 If it rained tomorrow, our picnic would be put off. If it should rain tomorrow our picnic would be put off. If it were to rain tomorrow our picnic would be put off. 如果明天下雨，我们的野餐将要被推迟了。 注意：在if引导的虚拟条件句中，如果谓语动词是had, were 或should 时，可以将if 省略并把had, were或should提前。如：
倒装句练习 1. So fast_______ that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed. A. light travel B. does light travel C. travels light D. has light travelled 2.That scientist isn’t too happy with the project, and______________. A. so are her supervisors B. either are her supervisors C. neither are her supervisors D. so her supervisors are 3.______ the door than somebody started knocking on it. A. I had closed no sooner B. I had no sooner closed C. No sooner have I closed D. No sooner I closed 4.Is this beautiful? Yes, it is. ________. A. Rarely before have I seen this B. Rarely I have seen this before
C. Rarely have I seen before this D. Rarely have I seen this before 5._____but he also proved himself a good athlete. A. He showed himself not only a good student B. Not only did he show himself a good student C. He showed not only himself a good student D. Not only he showed himself a good student 6.Nowhere else along the coast____ such shallow water so far from land. A. is there B. there is C. it is D. is 7._____did we try to persuade her to give up her plan. A. In failure B. With no result C. In vain D. With no end 8.______I couldn’t lift the box. A. As I might try
虚拟语气 一、if 引导的虚拟条件句（表示与事实相反的假设）： 现在：If+主语+过去式/were ，主语+should/would/could/might+动词原形 过去：If+主语+had+过去分词，主语+should/would/could/might+have+过去分词 过去式/were 将来：If+主语 + should + 动词原形， 主语+should/would/could/might +动词原形 were to + 动词原形 另外：有些词，如：or ／otherwise （否则）；without （没有）；but for （要不是……）等，表示一个隐含的条件，所用的虚拟语气与if 引导的虚拟条件句结构相同 注意：if 引导的虚拟条件句中，谓语部分含有were ／had ／should ，可将引导词if 省略，并将were ／had ／should 提到句首。 二、wish 之后接的宾语从句（表示不可能实现的愿望）： 过去式/were （现在） Wish +（that ） had + 过去分词 （过去） would/could/might +动词原形 （将来） 三、as if/as though 常与seem/look/appear 等动词连用，表示“看起来似乎……好象……”；以及if only 表示“要是……该多好啊”所用的虚拟语气结构与wish 结构相同； 四、虚拟语气在名词从句中的运用： 1、表示“命令”、“建议”、“要求”、“坚持”等词后所带的名词从句用虚拟语气，should 可以省略。 记忆口诀： insist 2、动词 order +（that ）+ 主语+ advise/suggest/recommend （宾语从句） require
二、虚拟语气的判断： 1. if 条件状语从句中虚拟语气的判断。if 条件状语从句有真实条件句和非真实条件句。假设条件可以实现的句子为真实条件句，反之为非真实条件句，要用虚拟语气。其形式分为以下三种： (1) 与过去事实相反的假设。结构为：从句的谓语动词用“had + 过去分词”，主句用“should (would, could, might) + have + 过去分词”。例如： If it had not rained so hard yesterday, we could have played tennis. 如果昨天没有下大雨，我们就能玩网球了。 (2) 与现在事实相反的假设。结构为：从句的谓语动词用过去式，系动词用were，主句的谓语用“should (would, could, might) + 动词原形”。例如： If I were in your position, I would marry her. 如果我是你，我就娶她为妻。 (3) 与将来事实相反的假设。结构为：从句的谓语动词用“should (were to) + 动词原形”，主句用“should (would, could, might) + 动词原形”。例如： If you should miss the chance, you would feel sorry for it. 如果你错过了这次机会，你会难过的。 2. 宾语从句中的虚拟语气。 (1) wish后接宾语从句中的虚拟语气：根据从句的意义来判断。 A: 表示与现在和将来事实相反的愿望，从句谓语动词用过去时态。例如： I wish they were not so late. 要是他们来得不是这么晚就好了。 B: 表示与过去事实相反的愿望，从句谓语动词用过去完成时态。例如： I wished he hadn't done that. 我真希望那件事不是他做的。 (2) 表示“要求、建议、命令”等动词后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气。用于此结构的动词有：advise, direct, agree, ask, demand, decide, desire, insist, order, prefer, propose, request, suggest 等。从句的谓语动词用“should + 动词原形”，其中should 可以省去。例如： I insisted that he (should) go with us. 我坚持让他和我们一起去。 注意：当insist 表示“坚持认为”、suggest表示“表明，显示”时，不用虚拟语气。例如：
高考英语虚拟语气知识点经典测试题及解析 一、选择题 1．I insisted he______ back the wallet to the lady, but he insisted he______it. A．handed; didn’t steal B．hand; hadn’t stolen C．hand; not steal D．handed; hadn’t stolen 2．Recent years have seen a growing increase in the emergence of cyber terms, without which our life _____ so colorful nowadays. A．won’t be B．hadn’t been C．wouldn’t be D．can’t be 3．This winter vacation, my family are going to visit the Great Wall, but I would rather we ________ to Shanghai Disneyland. A．go B．had gone C．would go D．went 4．The requirement of the government is that the citizens not set off fireworks from January 1, 2019 on. A．shall B．should C．can D．may 5．What do you think of the proposal that improvement ____ in the type of vacuum cleaner? A．be made B．will be made C．would be made D．has to be made 6．I wish I ________ an architect because then I ________ be able to design my own house. A．am, will be B．were, would C．will be, could D．was, could 7．How I wish I ______ my mouth before I shouted at my mum! A．shut B．have shut C．had shut D．would shut 8．That was not the first time he ____ us. I think it's high time we ____ strong actions against him. A．betrayed, take B．had betrayed, took C．has betrayed, took D．has betrayed, take 9．Studies show that historical barriers on women acceptance in organizational environments, the development of the company would already be way ahead. A．were it not for B．if there being no C．hadn't it been for D．if it is not for 10．The board thought it urgent that these files _____ right away. A．printed B．had been printed C．would been printed D．be printed 11．What a pity! Considering his ability and experience, he ___________ it better. A．need have done B．must have done C．can have done D．might have done 12．If penicillin available, many people from sickness or even small wounds in World WarⅡ.
定语从句+名词性从句+虚拟语气 1. 【2013·陕西卷16】is often the case with children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived. A. It B. That C. What D. As 2. 【2013·江苏32】The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China，________ he remembers starting as early as his childhood. A．where B．which C．what D．when 3. 【2013·福建卷27】The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those ________ lives were affected. A. whose B. that C. who D. which 4. 【2013·课标全国卷Ⅱ4 】When I arrived, Bryan took me to see the house _______ I would be staying. A. what B. when C. where D. which 5. 【2013陕西20.】It remains to be seen the newly formed committee’s policy can be put into practice. A. that B. which C. what D. whether 6. 【2013浙江16.】The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief ______ you are better than anyone else on the sports field. A. how B. that C. which D. whether 7. 【2013重庆28.】struck me most in the movie was the father’s deep love for his son. A. That B. It C. What D. Which 8. 【2012重庆34】Evidence has been found through years of st udy______ children’s early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up. A. why B. how C. whether D. that 9. 【2012江西25】It suddenly occurred to him ___ he had left his keys in the office. A. whether B. where C. which D. that 10. 【2013安徽28.】I to my cousin’s birthday party last night, but I was not available A. went B. had gone C. would go D. would have gone 11. But for the storm, we __________ a pleasant journey, but had to turn back halfway． A．would have B．would have had C．will have D．had 12. Mary failed the driving test again．If she ______ harder, she ______ the test easily． A．practiced; would pass B．had practiced; would pass C．had practiced; would have passed D．should practice; should have passed
虚拟语气用法 虚拟语气用法
概念
虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想， 而不表示客观存在的事实， 所说的是一个条件， 不一定是事实，或与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。英语中的语气分 为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气三类。
应用条件
在表示虚假的、与事实相反的或难以实现的情况时用虚拟语气，表示主观愿望或 某种强烈情感时，也用虚拟语气。即当一个人说话时欲强调其所说的话是基于自己的 主观想法，而不是根据客观实际，就用虚拟语气。
在非真实条件状语从句中的用法
真实条件状语从句与非真实条件状语从句
条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表 示的是假设或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。 例： If he doesn’t hurry up, he will miss the bus. 如果他不快点，他 将错过巴士。( 真实) If he is free, he will ask me to tell stories. 如果 他是空闲的，他会要求我讲故事。 （真实） If I were you, I would go at once. 如果我是你， 我马上就会去。（非真实， 虚拟语气） If there were no air, people would die. 如果没有空气，人就会死亡。 （非真实，虚拟语气）
用法及动词形式
从句
If+主语 +did If+ 主语+did 主语 were） （ be 动词 were ）
主句
与现在事实相反
主语+should/would/ 主语 +should/would/ could/might+do
虚拟语气用法详解 一、条件句中的虚拟语气 1. 条件句中虚拟语气的形式 从句中提出一种与客观现实不相符或根本不可能存在的条件，主句会产生的一种不可能获得的结果。条件句中 的虚拟语气根据不同的时间有三种不同的形式。 2. 条件句中的虚拟语气的举例 (1) 将来时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如： If he should go to Qing Hua University, he would make full use of his time. 如果他要上清华大学的话，他就会充分 利用他的时间了。 If he were to come here, he would tell us about it. 如果他要来的话，他会通知我们一声。 (2) 现在时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如： If he were free, he would help us. 要是他有空的话，它会帮助我们的。 If he studied at this school, he would know you well. 如果他在这所学校学习的话，它会对你很熟悉。 (3) 过去时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如： If I had seen the film, I would have told you about it. 我如果看过这场电影，我会把电影内容告诉你了。 If I had got there earlier, I would have met Mr. Li. 如果我早点到那儿，我就会会到了李先生。 3. 运用条件句中的虚拟语气时，须注意的几个问题 (1) 当从句的主语为第三人称单数时，谓语动词若是系动词be 时，可用was 代替were。但在倒装虚拟结构及if I were you, as it were 中，只能用were。如： Were I ten years younger, I would study abroad. 要是我还年轻十岁的话，我会去国外学习。 If I were you, I would try my best to grasp the chance. 要是我是你的话，我要尽力抓住这次机会。 (2) 有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句的动作若不是同时发生时，须区别对待。①从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动 作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。如： If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too. 如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会使工程师了 If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。
虚拟语气总结 （1）一种定语从句：It’s time that+did （2）两种目的状语从句： so that/in order that+ can/may/could/might +do in case\lest\for fear(以防) that+should do （3）三种随时变化句： ①wish 现在→did/were if only ＋过去→had done as if/though 将来→could/would do ②would rather＋/将来→did/were 过去→had done ③现在：if+did/were, would+ do 过去：if+had done, would+ have done 将来：did if+ were to do, would+ do should do 注意：除了由if引导的虚拟条件句外，还有倒装条件句，即把were、had或should提前；混合时间句，虚实错综句，以及含蓄条件句，即由or, otherwise, with, without, but for来引导的。 （4）四种名词性从句： ①当表语是important, natural, necessary, possible, strange, arranged, decided, demanded, ordered, requested, suggested, surprising, a pity, no woder时，主语从句要用虚拟语气。例： It’s important that we (should) help each other. ②动词一坚持(insist)，两命令(command, order)，三建议(advise, propose, suggest)，四要求(ask, demand, request, require)后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。例： He insisted that he (should) be sent to the West. 注：insist(坚持说), suggest(暗示，表明)时，从句应用陈述语气。如： Her pale face suggested that she was ill. 1). Mother insisted that John (should) go to bed before 9 o’olock. 对比：He insisted that I had taken away his dictionary.（不是建议、要求、命令或主张） 2). His suggestion that Tony (should) be invited to the party was refused.（同位语从句） 对比：His words suggested that he was very angry with me.（不是建议、要求、命令 ③idea, plan以及表示“坚持，命令，建议，要求”等动词的同源名词作主语时，表语从句用虚拟语气。例： My suggestion is that we (should) hold a class meeting. ④idea, plan以及表示“坚持，命令，建议，要求”等动词的同源名词后的同位语从句要用虚拟语气。例： The office gave an order that his soldiers fight back bravely. If +were/ did (动词过去式)，主语+情态动词（would, could, might, should）+do（用来表示对现在情况的假设）1). I don’t have a cellphone. If I had one , it would be convenient for me to contract others. If +had done (过去完成式)，主语+情态动词（would, could, might, should）+have done（用来表示对过去情况的假设） 1). If I had gone to the concert, I would have seen the famous singer. If +were/ did (动词过去式)，主语+情态动词（would, could, might, should）+ do were to do should do （用来表示对将来情况的假设） 1). If I were not to take/ should take/ took the exam tomorrow, I would go shopping with you. 虚拟语气条件句的倒装：在虚拟语气条件句中，如果出现助动词were, should, had， 可省略if, 把这些词提到主语前面，变成倒装句。 1). Should he act like that again, he would be fined. If he should act like that again, he would be fined。 Were he to act like that again, he would be fined. If he were to act like that again, he would be fined. If he acted like that again, he would be fined.（不可以倒装） 2). Had the doctor come in time last night, the boy would have been saved. If the doctor had come in time last night, the boy would have been saved. 3). If I had time now, I would go to the film with you. （不可以倒装,因为句中的had不是助动词） But for….--> If it were not for…../ If it hadn’t been for 1). But for the determined captain, all the passengers on board wouldn’t have been saved. If it hadn’t been for the determined captain, all the passengers on board…… 2). But for your rich parents, you wouldn’t live such a easy life. If it were not for your rich parents, you wouldn’t live such a easy life.
高中英语虚拟语气的用法 一、考查虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法 时间从句谓语形式（be用were不可改变）主句谓语形式 将来一般过去时(be用were) would/should/might/could+动词原形 现在一般过去时(be用were) would/should/might/could+动词原形 过去现在完成时would/should/might/could+had done （1）If he my advice, he wouldn' t have lost his job. A. followed B. should follow C. had followed D. would follow （2）If we the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting. A. taken B. had taken C. took D. have taken （3） -John went to the hospital alone. -If he me about it, I would have gone with him. A. should tell B. tells C. told D. had told 二、考查特殊句型中的虚拟语气 英语中需要使用虚拟语气的特殊句型不多，主理有以下类: 1.“倒装”类虚拟语气 当虚拟条件句中含有were, should, had时,有时可将引导虚拟条件句的连词if省略,而将从句中的were,should, had提到句首,构成倒装形式的虚拟语气。如: If he were here, she would agree too.→Were she here, she would agree too.如果她在这里,她也同意的。. If it should rain tomorrow, we should have to put off the match. →Should it rain tomorrow, we should have to put off the match.假若明天下雨,我们只好推迟这场比赛。 If we had found him earlier we could have saved his life.→Had we found him earlier we could have saved his life. 要是我们当时早点找到他的话,我们就可以救活他。 注意,如果条件从句的谓语为否定式,其中的否定词not应置于主语之后,而不能与were,should, had等缩略成Weren' t, Shouldn' t, Hadn'场置于句首。如:我如不是警告了你,你就可能丧命了。 正: If I hadn' t warned you, you could have been killed. 正: Had I not warned you, you could have been killed. 误: Hadn' t I warned you, you could have been killed. 另外,有时省略if后提前到句首的had可能不是助动词,而是实义动词。 如: Had I time, I would go with you.假如我有时间,我就同你们一起去。句中的had不是构成过去完成时的助动词,而是表示“有”,如果不省略if ,完整形式为:If I had time, I would go with you. (1) Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy____. (2010浙江卷) A.would have been saved B. had been saved C. will be saved D. was saved （2） fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off. (2006湖北） A. Would you be B. Should you be C. Could you be D. Might you be 2.“宁愿”类虚拟语气 这里说的“宁愿”主要是指would rather。当它后接句子的时候,句子的谓语通常要用虚
英语虚拟语气用法总结 1、表示与现在事实相反的情况： 从句：主语+过去时 主句：主语+should/would/could/might+do eg： 1.If I were you,I would take an umbrella. 如果我是你,我会带把伞.(事实：我不可能是你) 2.If I knew his telephone number,I would tell you. 如果我知道他的电话号码,我就会告诉你.(事实：不知道) 2、表示与过去事实相反的情况 从句：主语+had+done 主句：主语+should/would/could/might+have done eg： 1. If I had got there earlier,I should/could have met her.如果我早到那儿,我就会见到她. (事实：去晚了) 2.If he had taken my advice,he would not have made such a mistake.如果他听我的劝告的话,就不会犯这样的错误了.(事实：没有听我的话) 3、表示对将来情况的主观推测 从句：主句 ①if+主语+were to do ：①主语+should/would/could/might+do ②if+主语+did/were ②主语+should/would/could/might+do ③if+主语+should+do ③主语+should/would/could/might+do eg： 1.If he should come here tomorrow,I would talk to him.
虚拟语气的用法及专项练习题 虚拟语气表示一种假设的情况，或一种主观的愿望，即动词所表示的动作或状态并非事实，或不可能实现。英语虚拟语气的形式有下列几种： 一 .虚拟语气用于条件状语从句 注意:主句中的should通常用于第一人称,would可用于任何人称,同时也可根据意思用情态动词could,might等代替should,would。 1.与现在事实相反 (1) If had the time, John would make a trip to China to see the Great Wall. (2) If I were you, I would give up drinking immediately. 2.与过去事实相反 If I’d known that it was going to rain, I would never have gone for a walk in the country. 3.与将来事实相反
If it were to/should rain tomorrow,the meeting would be putoff. If you went there next time, you would see what I mean. 4.错综时间虚拟语气 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间来调整。例如: If I were you, I would have gone home. If you had followed the doctor's advice, you would be quite all right now.(从句说的是过去,主句指的是现在。) If the weather had been more favorable ,the crops would be growing still better. 状语从句 1. 方式状语as if(as though) 如果从句表示与现在事实相反,谓语动词用一般过去时;表示与过去事实相反,谓语动词用"had+过去分词";表示与将来事实相反,谓语动词用"would(might,could)+动词原形"。例如: (1) He looks at me as if I were mad. (2) He spoke English so fluently as if he had studied English in England.但as if(as though)后的从句也常用陈述语气,这是因为从句中的情况往往是可能发生的或可能被设想为真实的。例如:It looks as if our side is going to win. 2. 目的状语in order that,so that , lest ,for fear that等 从句谓语动词用" may/might,can/could)+动词原形"。例如: (1) She listened carefully in order that she might discover exactly what he wanted. (2) We hid behind some bushes for fear that passer-by should see us. 3. 连词引导的条件状语从句: