职称英语真题之卫生类A级阅读理解

职称英语真题之卫生类A级阅读理解2

第二篇Mental Retardation(智力迟钝).

Mental retardation is a condition in which people have lower than normal

intelligence and are unable to function at the level expected for their age。People with

mental retardation are usually born with it。or it develops early in their life．They may

also have some difficulty with daily living skills such as learning to read and write and

caring for them selves.

Doctors and other professionals determine that a person has mental retardation

based on their intelligence and how well they can do everyday activities.

Intelligence is the ability to learn and understand．Levels of intelligence are

measured by special tests called intelligence tests．The score a person gets on one of

these tests gives a numerical(数字的)measure of a person’s intelligence．This is called

an intelligence quotient(智商)Or IQ.

An average score on an IQ test is about 90 to 110．A person with mental

retardation will usually score below 75 on an IQ test.

The IQ test alone does not determine whether someone is mentally retarded．A

person must also have trouble with everyday activities such as geeing dressed，eating，washing，or learning basic reading，writing，and arithmetic skills.

Mental retardation is not a disease itself．1t cannot be cured and it’s not

contagious(传染的)．This condition can be caused by several things that injure the

brain or don’t allow the brain to develop normally．Many times we don’t know why

a person has mental retardation.

Sometimes it may be caused by genes．Genes are chemical units found in every

cell They carry the instructions telling , cells what to do．Sometimes。children receive abnormal genes from their parents.

A defective gene may also develop spontaneously．Neither parent would have

passed on the gene，but the gene changes before the baby develops.

Some other problems that can cause mental retardation also happen before a child

is born．It is important for the brain to develop properly if a child is to have normal

intelligence．“Planning a pregnancy is the most important decision most of us will

make in our lifetime．A healthy lifestyle and good medical care should begin before a

woman becomes pregnant and continue throughout the pregnancy，”says Jodi

Rucquoi，a genetic counselor from Connecticut．If a woman abuses alcohol or drugs or

doesn’t eat well，there is a risk to the developing baby．Also，a premature birth or

problems during childbirth can sometimes harm the baby’s developing brain．while

premature babies are generally fine，there is a greater chance that they may have

mental retardation.

1n some cases．a young child can develop mental retardation after being sick with

a serious infection or other illness．or after suffering a bad head injury.

36. A child can be taken as mentally retarded．f he or she.

A. was born prematurely.

B. has lower than normal intelligence.

C. has low intelligence and low daily living skills.

D. has normal intelligence but difficulties in learning.

37.A person of high intelligence will probably score.

A. above 110 on an IQ test．

B. 110 on an IQ test.

C. 90 on an IQ test． D. below 75 on an IQ test.

38. Which Of the following is NOT true of mental retardation?

A. It is not curable.

B. Its victims are usually born with it.

C. Its causes are not fully identified yet.

D. It can spread among family members.

39. Which is NOT a possible cause of mental retardation?

A. Alcohol or drug abuse．

B. Abnormal genes from the parents.

C. A well-planned pregnancy．

D. Problems during childbirth.

40 .The word “While” in Line 4 from the bottom can best be replaced by.

A .Unless.

B. Because.

C. Since.

D. Although.