山东省实验中学2021届高三第四次诊断考试化学试题 含参考答案-评分标准

山东省日照市莒县洛河乡中学2021-2022学年高三化学期末试题含解析一、单选题（本大题共15个小题，每小题4分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项符合题目要求，共60分。

）1. 为了比较铁和铜金属活动性强弱，某研究小组的同学设计了如下一些方案，并将实验结果记录如下：能根据以上各种现象或产物证明铁的金属活动性比铜强的方案一共有（）参考答案：B考点：常见金属的活动性顺序及其应用．分析：金属的金属性强弱判断方法：金属的金属性越强，其最高价氧化物的水化物碱性越强，活泼性较强的金属能置换出较不活泼金属，金属和酸或水反应越剧烈，据此分析解答．解答：解：金属的金属性强弱判断方法：金属的金属性越强，其最高价氧化物的水化物碱性越强，活泼性较强的金属能置换出较不活泼金属，金属和酸或水反应越剧烈，①将铁片置于CuSO4溶液中，铁片上有亮红色物质析出，Fe能置换出硫酸铜中的铜，说明金属性铁＞铜，故正确；②将铁丝和铜丝分别在氯气中燃烧，产物分别为FeCl3和CuCl2，Fe元素化合价变化大于Cu，不能根据金属失电子多少判断金属性强弱，故错误；③将铁片和铜片分别放入热浓硫酸中产物分别为Fe2（SO4）3和CuSO4，Fe元素化合价变化大于Cu，不能根据金属失电子多少判断金属性强弱，故错误；④将铁片和铜片分别置于稀硫酸溶液中，铁片上有气泡，铜片上不产生气泡，说明金属性Fe＞Cu，故正确；⑤将铁片和铜片同时插入盛有稀硫酸的烧杯中，并用导线连接，铁片溶解，铜片上有气泡产生，说明Fe能置换出氢气、铜不能置换出氢气，则金属性Fe＞Cu，故正确；故选B．点评：本题考查金属的金属性强弱判断，为高频考点，金属的金属性强弱与失电子难易程度有关，与失电子多少无关，易错选项是②2. 设N A为阿伏加德罗常数，下列说法正确的是A．由2H和18O所组成的水11 g，其中所含的中子数为4N AB．常温常压下的33．6L氯气与27g铝充分反应，转移电子数为3N AC．标准状况下，1L乙醇完全燃烧产生CO2分子的数目为N A /11．2D．0.1 mol H3O+中含有的电子数为N A参考答案：D3. 在2010年温哥华冬季奥运会上，有个别运动员因服用兴奋剂被取消参赛的资格。

济南市济钢高中2018届高三上学期第四次月考化学试题注意事项：1．每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动用橡皮擦干净以后，再涂写其他答案标号。

不涂在答题卡，只答在试卷上不得分。

2．可能用到的相对原子质量：H-l C-12 O-16 Na-23 S-32 Cl-35.5 Cu-64一、选择题（本题包括16小题，每题3分，共48分。

每小题只有一个选项符合题意）1、化学与环境、材料、信息、能源关系密切，下列说法错误的是：A．利用催化设施，可以将汽车尾气中CO和NO转化为无害气体B．防止酸雨发生的重要措施之一是使用清洁能源C．2012年3月修订的《环境空气质量标准》中新纳入的监测指标是PM2.5D． Al2（SO4）3可用于对自来水进行杀菌消毒2、下列推断正确的是：A. Cl2,SO2均能使品红溶液褪色，说明二者均有氧化性B．因为氨水是弱碱，所以不能用FeCl3溶液和氨水反应制取Fe(OH)3C．明矾水解形成的Al(OH)3胶体能吸附水中悬浮物，可用它来净水D．浓硫酸为强氧化剂，二氧化硫为强还原剂，所以不能用前者干燥后者3、短周期元素R、T、Q、W在元素周T所处的周期序数与族序数相等。

下列判断不正确的是：A．T的氧化物是两性氧化物，可以与强酸反应，也可以与强碱反应B．元素R和元素Q的最高正化合价相同C．单核阴离子半径的大小顺序为：r(Q)＞r(W)＞r(R)D．阴离子的还原性：Q>W4、用N A表示阿伏加德罗常数，下列说法正确的是：A．8g甲烷中含有2N A个碳氢共价键 B．1molNH4+含11 N A个电子C．1mol Na2O2含2N A个阴离子 D．标准状况下22.4LH2O含有N A个H2O分子5．下列实验操作与预期实验目的或所得实验结论不一致的是：6．25℃时，弱酸的电离平衡常数如表所示，下列说法正确的是：A．等物质的量浓度溶液pH关系：pH(CH3COONa)＜pH(NaHCO3) ＜pH(NaCN)B．amol·L-1HCN与bmol·L-1NaOH溶液等体积混合后溶液中c(Na+)＞c(CN-)，则a一定小于bC．0.1mol·L-1的CH3COOH的 pH比0.1mol·L-1 HCN的pH大D．NaHCO3和Na2CO3的混合液中：c(Na+) +c(H+)＝c(OH-)+ c(HCO3-)+c(CO32-)7. 下列判断合理的一组是：①硫酸、纯碱、醋酸钠和生石灰分别属于酸、碱、盐和氧化物第9题图②根据元素原子最外层电子数的多少将元素分为金属和非金属③蔗糖、硫酸钡和水分别属于非电解质、强电解质和弱电解质④根据分散系是否具有丁达尔现象将分散系分为溶液、胶体和浊液⑤根据反应条件是否需要加热将化学反应分为吸热反应和放热反应⑥根据是否有电子的转移将化学反应分为氧化还原反应和非氧化还原反应A ．①②⑥ B．②和⑤ C．③和⑥ D．③④⑥8.某温度下，难溶物FeR 的水溶液中存在平衡：FeR(s) Fe 2＋(aq)＋R 2－(aq)，其沉淀溶解平衡曲线如下图所示。

【高三】2021届高考化学基础实验专项复习题（有参考答案）江苏省海门市三厂中学2021届高三化学二轮复习动车系列专列八基础实验与实际应用【高考回顾】[《2021年江苏高考考试说明》样题第四题、第五题、第二十二题]4.以下实验或操作不能达到目的的是 [同11考纲，08江苏卷第9题]A.用溴水鉴别苯、乙醇、四氯化碳B.准确称取0.4000g的NaOH固体配成1000L浓度为0.01000 ol•L－1的溶液C.为除去苯中的少量苯酚,向混合物中加入适量的溴水后过滤D.用激光笔检验淀粉溶液的丁达尔现象【解析】该题从物质的鉴别、溶液的配制、物质的提纯、胶体的丁达尔现象四个角度考查学生对化学实验的基础知识和基本技能的掌握程度，引导学生关注实验方案的可行性，考查学生运用化学实验方法解决实际问题的能力。

【掌握理解，中等难度】5.下列有关实验原理、方法和结论都正确的是 [11江苏卷第13题]A.向饱和FeCl3溶液中滴加过量氨水，可制取Fe(OH)3胶体B.取少量溶液X，向其中加入适量新制氯水，再加几滴KSCN溶液，溶液变红，说明X溶液中一定含有Fe2＋C.室温下向苯和少量苯酚的混合溶液中加入适量NaOH溶液，振荡、静置后分液，可除去苯中少量苯酚D.已知I3－ I2＋I－，向盛有KI3溶液的试管中加入适量CCl4，振荡静置后CCl4层显紫色，说明KI3在CCl4中的溶解度比在水中的大【解析】该题从胶体的制备、离子的检验、物质的提纯和物质性质的探究等角度考查学生对化学实验的基础知识和基本原理的掌握和应用能力，引导中学化学教学关注培养学生的实验方案设计能力、实验原理的理解能力和运用化学实验方法解决实际问题的能力。

【掌握理解，中等难度】22.高氯酸铵（NH4ClO4）是复合火箭推进剂的重要成分，实验室可通过下列反应制取 [11江苏卷第19题]NaCl04(aq)＋NH4Cl(aq) NH4ClO4 (aq)＋NaCl(aq)(1)若NH4Cl用氨气和浓盐酸代替，上述反应不需要外界供热就能进行，其原因是。

2021届成都树德实验中学高三语文第四次联考试题及参考答案一、现代文阅读（36分）(一)现代文阅读I(9分)阅读下面的材料，完成下面小题。

材料一今年1月10日，工信部宣布今年将在若干城市发放5G临时牌照。

5G时代已经从人们的畅想中，实实在在地走上前台。

自动驾驶、人工智能医疗系统、8K电视、可穿戴的智能助理……这些几年前还停留在观念层面的场景，随着5G时代的到来，或将飞入寻常百姓家。

未来接入互联网的硬件将越来越多，但对大部分人来说，智能手机是目前接入网络的最主要入口，也是一个典型的硬件型高流量聚集地。

在过去相当长时间里，谁拥有了更多的用户，谁就抢占了行业高地。

也正因此，目前围绕5G展开的竞争，主要来自手机厂商。

然而，随看智能手机拥有量的趋近饱和，“流量时代”将被逐步改变。

据分析，从结构来看，依靠5G手机硬件拉动的产业增长将会变得有限，而附着其上的视频娱乐、游戏、信息等内容服务，将成为5G产业发展的最主要增长点。

大带宽、高速率、超高移动等网络特性，将进一步促使已有的内容产业转型升级，进而推动广泛意义上的5G垂直产业发展。

根据2017年底的一份报告，中国游戏市场实际销售收入已突破2000亿元，而伴随看一些大型互联网企业纷纷展开云游戏布局，云游戏业已成为游戏产业重要风口。

互联网的入口拓宽之后，将撬动相关行业的深远变化，进而成为推动经济高质量发展的强劲动力。

有机构也作出预测，到2030年，5G带动的直接产出将达6.3万亿元。

一片广阔的入海口，正在人们眼前徐徐展开。

（摘编自《5G将会怎样改变互联网》，《人民日报》2019年4月21日）材料二记者获悉，浦发银行近日联合中国移动在上海推出5G+智慧银行网点，并完成5G网络环境下首笔银行卡开卡业务。

中国移动展示了一款智慧鱼缸，鱼缸里面放入5G传感器，就可以随时在手机上查看鱼缸水温、含氧量、微量元素、水质酸碱度等指标。

不仅仅是鱼缸，通过信息传感器，智能设备还可采集水资源信息，监控鱼塘、河流等水生态系统，保护环境。

2021-2022学年山东省潍坊市昌乐及第中学高三化学模拟试题含解析一、单选题（本大题共15个小题，每小题4分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项符合题目要求，共60分。

）1. （不定项）Mg在CO2中燃烧生成MgO和C。

下列说法正确的是A．该反应中化学能全部转化为热能B．金刚石和石墨是碳的两种同位素C．在该反应条件下，Mg的还原性强于C的还原性D．MgO中两种离子的半径大小是：r(Mg2+)<r(O2-)参考答案：CDA、部分转成热能，一部分转成光能，A错误；A、金刚石和石墨是碳的两种同素异形体，B错误；C、根据氧化还原反应中，还原剂的还原性大于还原产物的还原性，Mg是还原剂，C是还原产物，因此Mg的还原性强于C的还原性，C正确；D、核外电子排布相同的离子，离子半径随原子序数的增大而减小，r(Mg2＋)<r(O2－)，D正确，答案选CD。

2.参考答案：B3. “碳捕捉技术”是指通过一定的方法将工业生产中产生的CO2分离出来并利用。

如可利用NaOH溶液来“捕捉”CO2，其基本过程如下图所示（部分条件及物质未标出）。

下列有关该方法的叙述中正确的是A．该方法优点是操作简便、能耗低B．整个过程中，只有一种物质可以循环利用C．“反应分离”环节中，分离物质的基本操作是蒸发结晶、过滤D．该方法可减少碳排放，捕捉到的CO2还可用来制备甲醇等产品参考答案：D略4. 高温下，某反应达到平衡，平衡常数K＝。

恒容时，温度升高，H2浓度减小。

下列说法正确的是A．该反应的化学方程式为CO＋H2O CO2＋H2B．该反应的焓变为正值C．升高温度，逆反应速率减小D．恒温恒容下，增大压强，H2浓度一定减小参考答案：B5. 能正确表示下列反应的离子方程式的是A.用CH3COOH溶解CaCO3:CaCO3+2H+=Ca2++H2O+CO2↑B.将过量的SO2通入Ca(ClO)2溶液中:SO2 +ClO-+H2O =HClO+HSO3-C.硫酸亚铁溶液中加入酸化的双氧水:2Fe2+ +2H++H2O2=2Fe3++2H2OD.等物质的量的MgC12、Ba(OH)2和HCl溶液混合:Mg2+ +2OH- =Mg( OH)2↓参考答案：【知识点】离子方程式的书写判断B1【答案解析】C 解析：A、CH3COOH是弱电解质，不能拆成离子，故A错误；B、HClO具有强氧化性，把亚硫酸根氧化成硫酸根，故B错误；C、硫酸亚铁溶液中加入酸化的双氧水，发生氧化还原反应，电荷、原子都守恒，故C正确；D、等物质的量的MgC12、Ba(OH)2和HCl溶液混合:Mg2+ +4OH- +2H+=Mg( OH)2↓+2H2O，故D错误；故答案选C【思路点拨】本题考查离子方程式的书写正误，注意B选项的氧化还原，难度中等。

大庆试验中学2021-2022学年度上学期期中考试高三化学试题说明:考试时间90分钟,满分100分。

相对原子质量：Na 23 Fe 56 Ba 137 S 32 Cl 35.5 O 16第Ⅰ卷一．单项选择题（每题只有一个正确选项，多选、错选均不给分。

每题2分，共30分）1.生活中的一些问题常涉及到化学学问，下列叙述正确的是（）A．晶体硅具有半导体的性质，所以可以制作光导纤维B．燃煤中加入生石灰可以削减二氧化硫的排放C．明矾和漂白粉常用于自来水的处理，两者的作用原理相同D．氯化铁溶液可用于制作印刷电路板是由于其具有氧化性，与铜发生置换反应2. 下列有关化学用语表示正确的是( )A ．过氧化钠的电子式： B．次氯酸的结构式:H—Cl—OC ．硫原子的结构示意图： D．NH4Cl的电子式:3.下列说法正确的是( )A．依据是否有丁达尔效应，将分散系分为溶液、胶体和浊液B．SO2和SiO2都是酸性氧化物，都能与水反应生成酸C．漂白粉、水玻璃、氨水均为混合物D．Na2O和Na2O2组成元素相同，与CO2反应产物也完全相同4.设N A为阿伏伽德罗常数的值，下列说法正确的是( )A．1 mol Cl2与足量的NaOH溶液反应，转移的电子数为1N AB．标况下，11.2L SO3所含的分子数目为0.5 N AC．5.6克铁粉与硝酸反应失去的电子肯定为0.3N AD．50 mL 18.4 mol·L-1浓硫酸与足量铜微热反应,生成SO2分子的数目为0.46NA5.试验室中,以下物质的贮存、处理方法，不正确的是（）A．少量钠保存在煤油中B．氢氧化钠溶液贮存在带橡胶塞的玻璃试剂瓶中C．浓硝酸用带橡胶塞的细口、棕色试剂瓶盛放，并贮存在阴凉处D．液溴易挥发，在存放液溴的试剂瓶中应加水封6．下列制备单质的方法中，需要加入还原剂才能实现的是( )A．高炉炼铁 B．电解法制金属镁C．加热氧化汞制金属汞 D．从海带灰浸取液中(含I－)提取碘单质7．向含有下列各离子组的溶液中通入足量相应气体后，各离子还能大量存在的是（）A．二氧化碳：K+、Na+、SiO32-、Cl- B．氨气：Ag+、Al3+、Na+、NO3-C．氯化氢：Ca2+、Fe3+、NO3-、Cl-D．氯气：Na+、Ba2+、I-、HSO3-8. 下列物质能通过化合反应直接制得的是（）①FeCl2②H2SO4 ③NH4NO3 ④HCl ⑤Fe(OH)3A．只有①②③ B．只有②③ C．只有①③④ D．全部9．下列说法正确的是( )A、用广泛pH试纸测氯水的pH=4B、欲配制1L，1mol/L的NaCl溶液，可将58.5gNaCl溶于1 L水中C、配制溶液定容时,仰视容量瓶刻度会使所配溶液浓度偏低D、用瓷坩埚加热熔化氢氧化钠固体10. 下列试验“操作和现象”与“结论”都正确的是( )操作和现象结论A 切开金属钠，钠表面的银白色会渐渐褪去Na在空气中会生成Na2O2B 铝箔插入浓硝酸中，无明显现象铝与浓硝酸不反应C 向Fe(NO3)2溶液中滴加稀硫酸和KSCN溶液，溶液变成红色溶液中有Fe3+生成D 将FeCl2溶液滴加到少许酸性KMnO4溶液中，溶液褪色FeCl2具有漂白性11.下列离子方程式正确的是( )A．硅酸钠溶液与足量CO2反应: SiO32—+CO2+H2O = H2SiO3↓+CO32—B．FeBr2溶液中通入足量的Cl2：2Fe2++Cl2 = 2Fe3++2Cl—C．新制的氧化铝可溶于氢氧化钠溶液：Al2O3+2OH–= 2AlO2–+H2OD．碳酸氢钠溶液中滴入足量氢氧化钙溶液：HCO3—+OH–= CO32—+ H2O12.用含有少量Mg的Al片制取纯洁的Al(OH)3，下列操作中最恰当的组合是( )①加盐酸溶解②加NaOH溶液③过滤④加盐酸生成Al(OH)3⑤通入过量CO2生成Al(OH)3⑥加过量氨水生成Al(OH)3A．②③⑤③B．①③⑥③ C．①⑥③ D．②③④③13. 关于下列各试验装置的叙述中，正确的是( )①②③④A．装置①可用于分别C2H5OH和H2O的混合物B．装置②可用于将海带灼烧成灰C．装置③可用于除去氯气中的HCl D．装置④可用于试验室制取NO14. 相同质量的铜片分别与体积相同且过量的浓硝酸、稀硝酸反应，二者比较，相等的是( )①铜片消耗完所需时间②反应中氧化剂得到电子的总数③反应生成气体的体积(同温、同压) ④反应后溶液中铜离子浓度A．①③ B．②④ C．①④D．②③15.下列各组物质相互混合反应后，既有气体生成，最终又有沉淀生成的是（）①金属钠投入到FeCl3溶液中②Na2O2投入FeCl2溶液中③过量NaOH溶液和明矾溶液混合④NaAlO2溶液和NaHCO3溶液混合A、只有①②B、只有④C、只有③④D、只有①②④二．单项选择题（每题只有一个正确选项，多选、错选均不给分。

2020-2021学年山东省实验中学高三英语第三次联考试题及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AWhen the weather is bad or when the flu breaks out, we can let the kids do some fun things at home, which can be beneficial to kids.Reading out loudIf your children are young enough, don't forget to read books to them out loud! Few children dislikehaving a good book read to them, and it's great for the development of their brains. However, if your children are a bit older and have moved onto more advanced books, there is always the choice of listening to an audiobook. This can also be done while they're doing something else.Playing board gamesMaybe your children's table is full of board games, which have been forgotten for a long time. It's a good time to bring them out when playing outside is no longer a choice. Surely, playing board games is a great way to connect with children. In addition, many board games are designed to get children thinking!Having a dance partyConsidering that all you need is a speaker or maybe just a phone, you can have a dance party wherever you are! This is a great way to get kids’ bodies moving when they are inside. Play some of your children's favorite music and let them dance to it. Not only is it good exercise, but it will help your children feel time is flying!Doing jigsaw (拼图) puzzlesFor most people that have children, it's common to have at least one jigsaw puzzle at home. Jigsaw puzzles are great because everyone can do them on their own time. Besides, your whole family will have a sense of achievement when everyone is smiling over the finished product.1. What do reading out loud and playing board games have in common?A. They both develop children's team spirit.B. They both improve children's listening ability.C. They both do good to children's thinking ability.D. They both focus on interaction between children.2. Which of the following combines exercise and music?A. Reading out loud.B. Playing board games.C. Doing jigsaw puzzles.D. Having a dance party.3. What is the purpose of the text?A. To list four interesting children's parties.B. To recommend four children's favorite books.C. To introduce some activities for children inside.D. To show some funny things for children outside.BIn the old days, when you had to drive to a movie theater to get some entertainment, it was easy to see how your actions could have an impact（影响）on the environment. After all, you were jumping into your car, driving across town, coughing out emissions（产生排放）and using gas all the way. But now that we're used to staying at home and streaming movies, we might get a littleproud. After all, we're just picking up our phones and maybe turning on the TV. You're welcome. Mother Nature.Not so fast, says a recent report from the French-based Shift Project. According to "Climate Crisis: The Unsustainable Use of Online Video", digital technologies are responsible for 4% of greenhouse gas emissions, and that energy use is increasing by 9% a year. Watching a half-hour show would cause 1. 6 kilograms of carbon dioxide emissions. That's like driving 6. 28 kilometers. And in the European Union, the Eureca project found that data centers（where videos are stored）there used 25% more energy in 2017 compared to just three years earlier, reports the BBC.Streaming is only expected to increase as webecome more enamored ofour digital devices（设备）and the possibility of enjoying entertainment where and when we want it increases. Online video use is expected to increase by four times from 2017 to 2022 and account for 80% of all Internet traffic by 2022. By then, about 60% of the world's population will be online.You're probably not going to give up your streaming services, but there're things you can do to help lessen the impact of your online use, experts say. For example, according to Lutz Stobbe, a researcher from the Fraunhofer Institute in Berlin, we have no need to upload 25 pictures of the same thing to the cloud because it consumes energy every time. If instead you delete a few things here and there, you can save energy. Moreover, it's also a good idea to stream over Wi-Fi, watch on the smallest screen you can, and turn off your Wi-Fi in your home if you're not using your devices.4. What topic is the first paragraph intended to lead in?A. The environmental effects of driving private cars.B. The improvements on environmental awareness.C. The change in the way people seek entertainment.D The environmental impacts of screaming services.5. What does the underlined phrase become more enamored of" in paragraph 3 probably mean?A. Get more skeptical of.B. Become more aware of.C. Feel much crazier about.D. Get more worried about.6. What can we infer about the use of streaming services?A. It is being reduced to protect the planet.B. Its environmental effects are worsening.C. It is easily available to almost everyone.D. Its side effects have drawn global attention.7. Which of the following is the most environmentally-friendly?A. Watching downloaded movies on a mobile phone.B. Downloading music on a personal computer.C. Uploading a lot of images of the same thing.D. Playing online games over mobile networks.CWhen Jennifer Doudna was in sixth grade, she came home one day to find that her dad had lefta book titled The Double Helix on her bed. She put it aside, thinking it was one of those detective tales she loved.On a rainy Saturday, she picked up the book. As she sped through the pages, she became fascinated by the drama, which encouraged her to explore nature's wonders. Even though her high school teacher told her that girls didn't become scientists, she decided she would.She worked with a biologist, Charpentier, to turn a curiosity of nature into an invention—an easy-to-use tool that can edit DNA. Known as Crispr, the tool will transform the human race. James Watson, the author of The Double Helix, later told her it was the most important biological advance: since he and Francis Crick discovered the structure of DNA.For this achievement, Doudna and Charpentier were awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2020. Until now, only five women, beginning with Marie Curie in 1911, had won or shared the Nobel for Chemistry out of 184 award winners. When this year's prize was announced, Dr. Charpentier said it would provide a message specificallyto young girls who would like to follow the path of science and to show them that women can also be awarded prizes.A few decades from now, if it becomes possible and sate to edit DNA, should we allow parents to improve the IQ and physical strength of their kids? Should we let them decide eye color1 ? Skin color1 ? Height? After helping to discover Crispr, Dr. Doudna has become a leader in considering these moral issues. That's the main message we should take from this Nobel: New technologies can be a huge benefit to the human race, but in order to make sure they are used wisely, it's important for people to understand them.8. Jennifer Doudna decided to become a scientist because,__________A. her father pushed herB. a book inspired herC. her teacher encouraged herD. James Watson motivated her9. Dr. Doudna was awarded the Nobel Prize because,__________.A. she wrote the book “The Double Helix"B. she discovered the structure of DNAC. she is a hardworking woman scientistD. she helped invent a tool for editing DNA10. According to passage, which of the following is NOT true?A. The two women's success will inspire more girls to be devoted to science.B. Since 1911, there have been 184 people who won the Nobel for chemistry.C. If girls follow the path of science, they will surely achieve their goals.D. Crispr will make a big difference to the human race.11. Which words can best describe Jennifer Doudna?A. Determined and responsible.B. Ambitious and humorous.C. Cruel and indifferent.D. Fearless and stubborn.DOne day when I was 5, my mother criticized me for not finishing my rice and I got angry. I wanted to play outside and not to be made to finish eating my old rice. In my angry motion to open the screen door (纱门) with my foot, I kicked back about a 12-inch part of the lower left hand corner of the new screen door. But I had no regret, for I was happy to be playing in the backyard with my toys.Today, I know if my child had done what I did, I would have criticized my child, and told him about how expensive this new screen door was, and I would have delivered a spanking (打屁股) for it. But my parents never said a word. They left the corner of the screen door pushed out, creating an opening, a crack in the defense against unwanted insects.For years, every time I saw that corner of the screen, it would remind me of my mistake from time to time. For years, I knew that everyone in my family would see that hole and remember who did it. For years, every time I saw a fly buzzing in the kitchen, I would wonder if it came in through the hole that I had created with my angry foot. I would wonder if my family members were thinking the same thing, silently blaming me every time a flying insectentered our home, making life more terrible for us all. My parents taught me a valuable lesson, one that a spanking or stern (严厉的) words perhaps could not deliver. Their silent punishment for what I had done delivered a hundred stern messages to me. Aboveall, it has helped me become a more patient person and not burst out so easily.12. When the author damaged the door, his parents _______.A. scolded him for what he had doneB. left the door unrepairedC. told him how expensive it wasD. gave him a spanking13. How did the author feel every time he saw the damaged door?A. He felt ashamed of his uncontrolled anger at that time.B. He found that his family members no longer liked him.C. He found it destroyed the happy atmosphere at his home.D. He felt he had to work hard to make up for (弥补) the damage.14. The experience may cause the author _______.A. to hide his anger away from othersB. not to go against his parents’ willC. to have a better control of himselfD. not to make mistakes in the future15. What of the following is the main idea of this passage?A. Adults should ignore their children’s bad behavior.B. Parents shouldn’t educate their children.C. What is the best way to become a more patient person?D. Silent punishment may have a better effect on educating people.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。