祁连山北坡青海云杉中龄林生物量随海拔的变化

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第51卷第8期 2 0 1 5年8月 林 业 科 学 

SCIENTIA SILVAE SINICAE Vo1.51.No.8 

Aug.,2 0 1 5 

doi:10.11707/j.1001—7488.20150801 

祁连山北坡青海云杉中龄林生物量随海拔的变化术 张 雷 于澎涛 王彦辉 王顺利 刘贤德 (1 中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所 国家林业局森林生态环境重点实验室 北京10009I: 2.甘肃省祁连山水源涵养林研究院 张掖734000) 

摘要: 【目的】研究祁连山区重要的水源涵养林——青海云杉林的生物量随海拔(2 700~3 300 m)的变 化规律,为预测祁连山区的产水能力和实施黑河流域植被一水的综合管理提供科学依据。【方法】在祁连山 中段北坡的排露沟小流域,沿海拔梯度,选取生长状况良好、具有代表性的林分布设样地,进行植被调查。在 2 700~2 800,2 800~2 900,2 900~3 1O0和3 100—3 300 m 4个海拔区段共设置15块20 m×20 m样地。 利用已有的青海云杉生物量估算方程,计算研究区森林生物量的平均值、各海拔区段内的森林生物量以及不 同径级树木对总生物量的贡献量,据此分析森林生物量的大小及其随海拔变化规律的主要影响因素。【结 果】研究区青海云杉林的生物量为(128.61±50.25)t・hm~,中树(12.5 cm<DBH≤22.5 cm)和大树(DBH> 22.5 cm)是森林生物量的主要来源,二者所占比例分别为44%和35%,小树(5 tin<DBH≤12.5 cm)的生物量较 少,仅占21%。随海拔升高,青海云杉林生物量呈“单峰”变化,在海拔2 700~2 800 m为(135.43±21.25)t・hm~, 在海拔2 800~2 900 nl达到最大为(152.33±73.叭)t・hm ,在海拔2 900—3 100 m为(124.28±39.54)t.hm~, 在海拔3 100~3 300 in最小为(100.48±65.69)t・hm~。不同海拔区段内,森林生物量的主要来源不同,在海拔2 700~2 800 m,以中树生物量最多,为63.54 t・hm。(占该海拔区段内森林生物量的48%);在海拔2 800~2 900 m, 中树生物量继续增加,达到90.53 t・hmI2(占该海拔区段内森林生物量的59%),在海拔2 900~3 100 m,大树成为 森林生物量的主要来源,其生物量为54.46 t・hmI2(占该海拔区段内森林生物量的45%);在海拔3 100—3 300 in, 大树生物量继续增加,达到71.46 t・hmI2(占该海拔区段内森林生物量的71%)。与附近地区相比,研究区青海云 杉林的生物量(128.61 t・hm )与祁连山哈溪林场(132.90 t・hm )、祁连山平均值(169.80 t-hm )和全国平均值 (156.66 t・hin )相近,但比甘肃省肃南县(282.54 t・hmI2)、祁连山寺大隆林区(217.41 t・hin )和祁连山北坡山 区的平均值(209.24 t・hin。)小。【结论】林分密度、温度和降水共同决定了森林生物量的大小及其海拔变化规律, 海拔2 800~2 900 In是本研究区青海云杉林生长的最适宜场所。 关键词: 祁连山;青海云杉林;生物量;海拔;树木径级 中图分类号:¥718.5 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1001—7488(2015)08—0001—07 

Biomass Change of Middle Aged Forest of Qinghai Spruce along an Altitudinal Gradient on the North Slope of Qilian Mountains 

Zhang Lei Yu Pengtao Wang Yanhui Wang Shunli Liu Xiande (Key Laboratory of Forestry Ecology and Environment of State Forestry Administration Research Institute of Forest Ecology,Environment and Protection,CAF Belting 100091;2.Academy ofWater Resources Conservation Forests in Qilian Mountain ofGansu Province Zhangye 734000) 

Abstract: 【Objective】In this study,biomass changes in Qinghai spruce(Picea crassifolia)forests along an altitudinal gradient(from 2 700—3 300 m)were studied.The results will be helpful to the prediction of water yield in Qilian Mountains and the integrated management of vegetation,soil and water in Heihe Basin.【Method】In Pailugou small watershed,located in the middle section of the northern slope of Qilian Mountains,vegetation was investigated by setting up sample plots in selected representative stands with good growth along the altitude gradients.A total of 1 5 plots in a size of 20 m x 20 m were set up at the altitudes of 2 700—2 800,2 800—2 900,2 900—3 100,and 3 100— 3 3 00 m.The forest biomass and its distribution among different size classes were calculated using the existing equations on the relationship among biomass,tree height and tree diameter on breast height(DBH),which were built up for the 

收稿日期:2015—03—10;修回日期:2015—07—06。 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(91225302,31360201,91425301)。 于澎涛为通讯作者。 2 林业科学 51卷 study area.Key factors attributing to the forest biomass and its changes along the ahitudinal increase were analyzed. 【Result】The total biomass of Qinghai spruce forest was(128.61±50.25)t‘hm~,which came from the middle— sized trees(12.5 cm<DBH≤22.5 cm)and the big trees(DBH>22.5 cm).The biomass of the middle—sized trees(12.5 cm<DBH≤22.5 cm)and the big trees(DBH>22.5 cm)evenly accounted for 44%and 35%of total forest biomass.respectively.The contribution of saplings(5 cm<DBH<1 2.5 am)to forest biomass was limited with the value of 2 1%of total forest biomass.Along the ahitudinal increase.the total biomass of spruce forest showed an“unimodal”change.and peaked at the altitudes of 2 800—2 900 m.The total biomass of spruce forest at the altitudes of 2 700—2 800,2 800—2 900.2 900—3 100,and 3 100—3 300 m were(135.43±21.25),(152.33± 73.01),(124.28±39.54),and(1O0.48±65.69)t・hm~,respectively.Along the altitudinal increase,key contributors to forest biomass shifted among tree size classes.At the altitudes of 2 700—2 800 m,middle tree size class was key contributor to the total biomass of spruce forest with the biomass of 63.54 t・hm~.which accounted for 48%of the total forest biomass.At the altitudes of 2 800—2 900 m.the biomass of middle—sized trees increased and reached 90.53 t・hm。(accounting f0r 59%of the tota1).Nevertheless,at the ahitudes of 2 900—3 1O0 m,the key contributor to forest biomass shifted to big tree size class with a biomass of 54.46 t・hm一 f 45%of the tota1).At the ahitudes of 3 1O0—3 300 m,the biomass of big trees reached 71.46 t.hm一 (71%0f the tota1).The forest biomass (128.61 t-hm )in the study area was close to that in Haxi Forest Farm of Qilian Mountains(132。90 t・hm ),the average biomass in Qilian Mountains(169.80 t・hm )and the national average of forest biomass(156.66 t・hm ). However,it was less than the biomass of forests at Sunan County,Gansu Province(282.54 t・hm ),Sidalong Forest Farm ofQilian Mountains(217.41 t・hm ),and the average forest biomass of209.24 t.hm at the northern slope of Qilian Mountains.【Conclusion】The change of forest biomass along altitudinal gradients strongly relies on stand density, temperature and precipitation.The altitudes of 2 800—2 900 m is the most suitable area for Qinghai spruce forests in the study area. Key words: Botryosphaeria dothidea;Trichoderma aureoviride;Fusarium equiseti;biocontrol strains;inhibitory effect