Magnetic field calculation in permanent magnet motors with rotor eccentricity without slotting effec

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IEEETRANSACTIONSONMAGNETICS,VOL.34,NO.4,JULY19982243MagneticFieldCalculationinPermanentMagnetMotorswithRotorEccentricity:WithoutSlottingEffect

UngtaeKimandDennisK.Lieu

Abstract—Ananalyticaltechniqueforpredictingtheinstan-taneousmagneticfielddistributionintheairgapregionofpermanentmagnetmotorswithrotoreccentricityisdeveloped.Thegoverningequationsandassociatedboundaryconditionsareformulatedandsolvedbyaperturbationmethod.Thepredictedsolutionsareverifiedbytheresultsofacorrespondingfiniteelementanalysis.Theresultsshowtheeffectivenessofusingtheperturbationmethodforthiseccentricfieldcalculation.Ac-cordingtothisstudy,theadditionalfluxdensityduetorotoreccentricityisproportionaltotheamountoftheeccentricityinasmallrangeandhasaquitedifferentdistributionfromthenormalfluxdensitywithoutrotoreccentricity.Accordingly,rotoreccentricitymaycauseundesirableeffectsonbrushlesspermanentmagnetmotors.

IndexTerms—Analytical,dcmotor,eccentricity,fluxdensity,noise,slotless,vibration.

I.INTRODUCTION

THEspindlemotorisoneofthemostimportantelements

ofadiskdriveand,ontheotherhand,actsasafrequentsourceofvibrationinducedbymagnetforcesordefectsofitsstructuralcomponents.Ithasaprofoundeffectontheperformanceandthecapacityofadiskdrivethroughitsconfiguration,operatingspeed,runouts,andresonances.Therefore,agreatnumberofeffortshavebeenmadetoachievetechnologicalinnovationsandmarketcompetitiveness.Amongthem,sizereduction,spindlespeedincrease,andcostreductionhavebeenthemainconcerns[1].Asthedisksizeisreduced,thespindlespeedmustincreaseforagivenmaximumbitdensityandmediadatarate.Thus,thehighspeedusewillcontinuetoimprovediskdriveperformance.However,thisincreaseinspeedwillplaceagreateremphasisonthespindlemotorandbearingdesign.Muchmoreprecisemanufacturingisalsoneeded.Agreatnumberofpapershavebeenpublishedonthespindlemotorandbearingdesigninrelationtohigherspeedeffects,whereasfewpublicationsarefoundwhichexaminetheperformanceandthedynamiceffectsofthespindlemotorcausedbymanufacturingimprecisions.Oneofmanyconcernsisrotoreccentricitywhichmayresultfromunavoidableerrorsorworkingtolerancesincurredinthemanufacturingprocess.Forexample,ballbearingdefectssuch

ManuscriptreceivedFebruary25,1998.ThisworkwassupportedbytheUniversityofCaliforniaComputerMechanicsLaboratory.TheauthorsarewiththeElectro-MechanicalDesignLaboratory,Depart-mentofMechanicalEngineering,UniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,CA94720USA(e-mail:dlieu@newton.berkeley.edu).PublisherItemIdentifierS0018-9464(98)03685-1.

asexcessiveclearanceandwavinessmaycreateeccentricityproblemsandsodoresonantvibrationsoftherotorandbearingsystemintheharddiskdrive.Influidbearingswhichwillbeextensivelyusedforhighspeedspindles,eccentricityoccursinherentlyduetotheunbalanceddistributionofpressure.Rotoreccentricitymaycausemagneticanddynamicproblemswithadditionalvibration,noise,andtorquepulsation.Theseproblemsarebelievedtoeitherdirectlyorindirectlyaffectthetrackfollowingerrorinthediskdrive.Thusitisnecessarytoanalyzeeffectsofrotoreccentricityinpermanentmagnetmotorsrotatingathighspeeds.Eccentricityhaslongbeenstudiedwithanemphasisonthecalculationoftheairgapfield[2]anditseffectontheunbalancedmagnetpull(UMP)[3].Belmansetal.haveanalyzedtheUMPandtherelationshipbetweenthestabilityofaninductionmachineshaftandeccentricity[4].Otherauthorshaveexaminedthepresenceofuniquesignaturepatternsinthecurrentandvibrationspectrawhichcanshowcharacteristicsofeccentricity[5]andmethodstodetecttheeccentricity[6].Manystudiesofeccentricityeffectsofinductionmotorshavebeenreported,butfewpublicationshaveappearedregardingpermanentmagnetsynchronousorbrushlessdcmotors.ZhuandHowehavereferredtotheeffectofeccentricityonacousticnoiseandvibrationinbrushlesspermanentmagnetmotors[7].Chaoetal.havealsomentioneditasapossibletorquepulsationsourcebutdidnotelaborateonthedetails[8].Alloftheauthorsmentionedabovehavehandledtheeccentricityproblembyusingrelativepermeancefunctions,consideringonlythefactthattheairgappermeancevariesinverselyastheairgaplength.Butuseofthepermeancefunctionsisanindirectwaytodescribethemagneticfieldduetoeccentricityandmayleadtopoorunderstanding.One-dimensionalpermeancefunctionscanonlyexplaintheoverallbehavioroftheeccentricmagneticfieldatthestatoroutersurfacebutcannotdescribedetailsinducedbythepulsatingmagnetforcesandboundaryeffectsduetorotoreccentricity.Mostpapersusingthepermeancefunctionsfortheeccentricfieldcalculationcouldnotincludethewhirlingphenomenonoftherotoreffectively.Morerigorousunderstandingofthefieldisneededforotherapplicationssuchasrotordynamicproblemscausedbythemagneticfieldofamotorsupportedbyfluidfilmbearings.Inthispaper,adirectanalysisofthemagneticfieldinducedbyrotoreccentricityinpermanentmagnetmotorsisexplained.Thegoverningequationsandtheassociatedboundarycon-