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翻译(1)减词

翻译(1)减词
翻译(1)减词

减词是指将原文中需要、而译文中又不需要的词语省去。减省的词语应是那些在译文中保留下来反而使行文累赘噜嗦、且不合汉语语言表达习惯的词语。减词一般用于以下两种情况:一是从语法角度进行减省;二是从修饰角度进行减省。

一、从语法角度进行减省

英汉两种语言在语法上差异较大,例如:英语有冠词,而汉语却没有;英语重形合、连接词较多,汉语重意合、连接词较少;英语中介词丰富,多达280多个,汉语中介词则较少,只有30来个;英语中经常使用代词,尤其是经常使用人称代词、关系代词等,而汉语中代词则用得较少;因此,英译汉时可根据具体情况将冠词、连接词、介词、代词略去,使译文练达晓畅。例如:

(1)I know my friends from the feel of their faces.

我靠触摸脸庞来辨认朋友。

(2)Ice is a solid. If we heat it, it melts and becomes water.

冰是固体,如果加热,就融化成水。

(3)John got up very early in the morning. He put on his jacket, sat down at his desk and began to do his homework.

约翰早晨起床很早,他穿上夹克,就坐在桌旁开始做家庭作业。

(4)But at the present moment the whole road looked rather pretty, for the sun had just set in splendor, and the equalities of rent were drowned in a saffron afterglow.

但此时整条路看起来都挺美,金灿灿的太阳刚落下山,橙红色的余辉掩盖了房屋的种种差异。

(5)He had a shelf there, where he kept his Bohemian papers and his pipes and tobacco, and his shears and needles and thread and tailor's thimble.

他放在那儿有一个架子,摆着他的波希米亚报纸、烟斗、烟叶,还有大剪刀、针、线,以及裁缝用的顶针。

(6)Most of the people who appear most often and most gloriously in the history books are great conquerors and generals and soldiers…

史书上最经常出现、最为显赫的人物,大多是些伟大的征服者、将军和军事家。

(7)The city has a dense manufacturing population.

这个城市有稠密的工业人口。

(8)The products should be sampled to check their quality before they leave the factory.

产品出厂前应该进行抽样检查。

(9)The mother and the eldest daughter weeded the

该文章转载自无忧考网:https://www.doczj.com/doc/f010125471.html, e ridges, passing before the others…A younger son, of twelve years, brought sea sand in a donkey's creels from a far corner of the field. They mixed the sand with the black clay. The fourth child, still almost an infant, staggered about near his mother, plucking weeds slowly and offering them to his mother as gifts.

母亲和大女儿在除垄上的草,把旁人甩在后面……二儿子十二岁,从老远的地头把海滩上的沙子装进鱼篮,赶着毛驴驮了回来。他们把黑土掺上了沙子。老四还是个小不点儿,在母亲身边遥遥晃晃转悠着,慢吞吞地拔起杂草,当礼物送给母亲。

(10)Come if you like.高兴来就来。

(11)As it is late, let us go to bed.不早啦,睡吧!

(12)I framed the words in my mind: "Pardon me, but have I done something to offend you?"

我心里在嘀咕:"对不起,我有什么举止行为冒犯你了吗?"

(13). You hear it from the trackers, a more breathless chant, as they pull desperately against the current, half a dozen of them perhaps if they are, taking up a wupan, a couple of hundred if they are hauling a splendid junk, its square sail set, over a rapid.

纤夫拼命拉纤逆流而上时,你就会听见他们唱着较急促的号子。拉五板木船时,或许五六人就行,但当拉着鼓着横帆的大船过急滩时,那就得要二三百人。

(14). If you are a twinkler, you have the ability to walk into a room and bring the sunshine with you, making everyone else want to bask in it.

满怀喜悦的人能把阳光带进他所走进的房间,使别人愿意沐浴在这阳光中.

二、从修饰角度进行减省

有些词语在英语里是必不可少的,但在汉语中却并非如此,如直译成汉语则往往显得累赘噜嗦。为了使译文简洁晓畅、"文约而意丰",这样的词语必须省去或是精简。例如:

(1)I felt a trifle shy at the thought of presenting myself to a total stranger with the announcement that I was going to sleep under his roof, eat his food and drink his whisky, till another boat cam

e in to take me to the port for which I was bound.

我要去见一个素不相识的陌生人,向他宣布我得住在他家、吃他的、喝他的,一直等到下一班船到来,把我带到我要去的港口为止──想到这儿,我真有点不好意思了。(这里,如把"sleep under his roof, eat his food and drink his whisky"直译为"睡在他的屋顶下、吃他的食物、喝他的威士忌",会使语言极为繁冗,不够精练。译文采用减省译法处理原文,既准确地传达了原意,又使行文简洁,气韵十足,一气呵成。)

(2)Her dark eyes made little reflected stars. She was looking at him as she was always looking at him when he awakened.

她那双乌黑的眼睛就像亮晶晶的星星在闪烁,他平素醒来的时候,她也是这样望着他。(此句中有两个"she was looking at him",如不作省略而译为"她像平常那样望着她一样望着他",汉语就显得噜嗦繁复,诘屈聱牙。)

(3)University applicants who had worked at a job would receive preference over those who had not.

报考大学的人,有工作经验的优先录取。

(4)There was no snow, the leaves were gone from the trees, the grass was dead.

天未下雪,但叶落草枯。

(5)There was not a sound in her——and around us nothing moved, nothing lived, not a canoe on the water, not a bird in the air, not a cloud in the sky.

船上悄然无声,四周一片静谧,死一般沉寂,水面不见轻舟飘动,天空不见小鸟浮云。

(6)The problem of alternative fuels of vehicle is one problem we shall approach.

车辆的代用燃料是我们将要研究的一个问题。

(7)There are some things that I have happily seen of the wondrous way of the spider.

蜘蛛的奇异动态,我曾有幸目睹。

(译文省去"there are some things that"后,文字简约,表达生动,意思明确。)

(8)In actual fact, the United States is pursuing a policy of encouraging the aggressor…

实际上,美国在推行一种鼓励侵略者的政策……

(9)He was smooth and agreeable.

他待人处事,八面玲珑。

(10)Standing as it does on a high hill, the church commands a new view.

教堂建在高山上,向下眺望,风景优美。

(11)To learn is not an easy matter and to apply what one has learned is even harder.

学习不容易,使用更加不容易。

词根lecture 1

1.ag,act[L] = to do or drive________ *agent_______________________ *agency______________________ *agenda___________________ agile________________________ agitate___________________ *act___________________ *actor___________________ *actress___________________ acting___________________ re-act___________________ overact___________________ *action___________________ actionable___________________ *active___________________ *activate___________________ activism___________________ activist___________________ *activity___________________ *actual___________________ actuate___________________ *exact___________________ *react___________________ *reaction___________________ *reactive___________________ *interact___________________ *interaction___________________ *interactive___________________ transact___________________ *transaction___________________ 2.am(at)[L] = to love_____________ amiable___________________ *amateur [??m?t?(r)]_____________ amateurism___________________ amateurish___________________ amicable___________________ amicability___________________ amour___________________ amorous___________________ enamor___________________ enamored___________________ amatory___________________ 3.anim[L]=life__________________ *animal___________________

增词译法和减词译法

Chapter 1 增词译法和减词译法 1.1 增词译法(amplification/adding words) ?英汉两种语言,由于表达方式不尽相同,翻译时既可能将词类转换,有时候也可能将词量增减。 ?增词法就是在翻译时按意义上或修辞上或句法上的需要增加一些词来更忠实、通顺地表达原文思想内容。这当然不是无中生有地随意乱加,而是增加原文中虽无其词却有其义的一些词。 1.1.1 ? e.g. I’m really busy this morning: 2 classes, a meeting, and an intervie w. ? e.g. There were no speeches, no foreign diplomats, no ―ordinary Chinese‖ with paper flags and flowers. 1.1.2 ? e.g. With what enthusiasm the Beijingers are studying foreign languages! ? e.g. What a day/life! 1.1.3 ? e.g. How the little girl looked after her old mother! ? e.g. As he began talking, words poured out. 1.1.4 1.1.4.1 ? e.g. Be sure to wash before meal. ? e.g. Day after day she does the same: washing, sweeping, and cooking. 1.1.4.2 ? e.g. The radio is indeed cheap and fine. 1.1.4.3 1.1.4.4 e.g. In the summer of 1969, the government publicly urged an easing of tensions with China. 1.1.4.5 ? e.g. He felt the patriot rise within his breast. ? e.g. He allowed the father to be overruled by the judge, and declared his own son guilty. 1.1.5 1.1.5.1 ? e.g. Every summer, tourists go to the coastal cities. ? e.g. Rows of new houses have been set up. 1.1.5.2 ? e.g. The lion is the king of animals. ? e.g. The mountains were covered with snow. ? e.g. The crowd made a way for him. 1.1.6 ? e.g. I bought a new bike yesterday.

英语六级 翻译常用词

剪纸paper-cuts 除夕the eve of the lunar New Year 守岁stay up late on the New Year’s Eve 放爆竹let off firecrackers 拜年pay a New Year visit 团圆饭family reunion dinner 敬酒propose a toast 红包red packets (cash wrapped up in red paper) 舞狮lion dance 舞龙dragon dance 灯笼lantern 灯谜riddles written on lanterns 灯会exhibit of lanterns 表示主要的,重要的词primary, major, main, chief, important, essential, significant 表示充足的enough, sufficient, plenty, abundant 表示适当的appropriate 表示提升,改善,加强enhance, improve, strengthen 表示合法valid, legal, lawful, rightful 表示卓越不凡extraordinary, excellent, uncommon, remarkable, outstanding. 表示很有名气well-known, noticeable, famous 表示义务,有责任去做compulsory, required, obligatory 表示积极,主动positive, proactive 表示合理sound, rational, correct, sensible, logical,

翻译练习之增词、减词、省略法

Unit 3 增词、减词法 一、增词 1、没有调查就没有发言权。 2、交出翻译前,必须读几遍,看看有没有要修改的地方。 3、在背后说我们好话的人才是一个真正的朋友。 4、耳朵是听力器官,鼻子用来闻气味,舌头用来尝滋味。 5、宿舍外的骚动分散了我的注意力。 6、第二天,太阳一升起他就醒了。 7、孩子们想住在城里,我自己宁愿住在乡村。 8、不知苦中苦,哪知甜中甜? 9、我告诉他该走了,他匆匆忙忙地走了。 10、人不犯我,我不犯人。 11、天气寒冷,河水都结冰了。 12、礼拜天图书馆不开门。 On Sundays the library remains closed. 13、咱们校门口见吧。 Let’s meet at the school gate. 14、我们应当逐步消灭城乡差别。 We should gradually eliminate the differences between town and country. 15、谁都知道中东战场很艰苦。 Every one knows that life on the Middle East battlefield is rather hard. 16、“小李,什么时候请吃糖啊?”王奶奶笑着问道。““还没定呢。”她脸一红。 “Xiao Li,” Granny Wang smiled, “When can I eat your wedding candy?” “That depends.” She blushed. 17、近来,研究人员发现感冒可以通过人的手传染。 Recent research discoveries indicate that flu canbe spread by hand contacts. 18、计划生育,利国利民。 Family planning pays off. 19、最近几年,考托福的人大大减少了。 In recent years, the number of people who take the TOEFL test has decreased. 20、要提倡顾全大局。 To promote the consideration of the whole. We should advocate the spirit of taking the whole situation into consideration. 21、有些人以为男孩子总是比女孩子聪明。然而,事实并非如此。 Some people believe that boys are cleverer than girls. However, this is not necessarily the case. 22、人人都知道世界是由物质构成的。 It is universally known that the world is made of matter. 23、是良好的气候使西班牙成为旅游胜地。 The good climate of Spain makes it a tourist resort.(自翻)

英语四级翻译常用词汇及基本句型

英语四级段落翻译常用词汇:中国历史与文化 京剧Peking opera 秦腔Qin opera 功夫Kungfo 太极Tai Chi 口技ventriloquism 木偶戏puppet show 皮影戏shadowplay 折子戏opera highlights 杂技acrobatics 相声witty dialogue comedy 刺绣embroidery 苏绣Suzhou embroidery 泥人clay figure 书法calligraphy 中国画traditional Chinese painting 水墨画Chinese brush painting 中国结Chinese knot 中国古代四大发明the four great inventions of ancient China 火药gunpowder 印刷术printing 造纸术paper-making 指南针the compass 青铜器bronze ware 瓷器porcelain; china 唐三彩tri-color glazed pottery of the Tang Dynasty 景泰蓝cloisonne 秋千swing 武术martial arts 儒家思想Confucianism 儒家文化Confucian culture 道教Taoism 墨家Mohism 法家Legalism 佛教Buddhism 孔子Confucius 孟子Mencius 老子Lao Tzu 庄子Chuang Tzu 墨子Mo Tzu 孙子Sun Tzu 象形文字pictographic characters 文房四宝(笔墨纸观)the Four Treasures of the Study (brush, ink stick, paper, and ink stone) 《大学》The Great Learning

翻译技巧 减词

减词是指将原文中需要、而译文中又不需要的词语省去。减省的词语应是那些在译文中保留下来反而使行文累赘噜嗦、且不合汉语语言表达习惯的词语。减词一般用于以下两种情况:一是从语法角度进行减省;二是从修饰角度进行减省。 一、从语法角度进行减省 英汉两种语言在语法上差异较大,例如:英语有冠词,而汉语却没有;英语重形合、连接词较多,汉语重意合、连接词较少;英语中介词丰富,多达280多个,汉语中介词则较少,只有30来个;英语中经常使用代词,尤其是经常使用人称代词、关系代词等,而汉语中代词则用得较少;因此,英译汉时可根据具体情况将冠词、连接词、介词、代词略去,使译文练达晓畅。例如: (1)I know my friends from the feel of their faces. 我靠触摸脸庞来辨认朋友。 (2)Ice is a solid. If we heat it, it melts and becomes water. 冰是固体,如果加热,就融化成水。 (3)John got up very early in the morning. He put on his jacket, sat down at his desk and began to do his homework. 约翰早晨起床很早,他穿上夹克,就坐在桌旁开始做家庭作业。 (4)But at the present moment the whole road looked rather pretty, for the sun had just set in splendor, and the equalities of rent were drowned in a saffron afterglow. 但此时整条路看起来都挺美,金灿灿的太阳刚落下山,橙红色的余辉掩盖了房屋的种种差异。 (5)He had a shelf there, where he kept his Bohemian papers and his pipes and tobacco, and his shears and needles and thread and tailor's thimble. 他放在那儿有一个架子,摆着他的波希米亚报纸、烟斗、烟叶,还有大剪刀、针、线,以及裁缝用的顶针。 (6)Most of the people who appear most often and most gloriously in the history books are great conquerors and generals and soldiers… 史书上最经常出现、最为显赫的人物,大多是些伟大的征服者、将军和军事家。 (7)The city has a dense manufacturing population. 这个城市有稠密的工业人口。 (8)The products should be sampled to check their quality before they leave the factory. 产品出厂前应该进行抽样检查。 (9)The mother and the eldest daughter weeded the ridges, passing before the others…A younger son, of twelve years, brought sea sand in a donkey's creels from a far corner of the field. They mixed the sand with the black clay. The fourth child, still almost an infant, staggered about

翻译中的增词和减词

有人误以为,所谓合乎翻译标准,就是在把一种语言转换为另一种语言时,做到“不增不减”。翻译实践告诉我们,由于两种语言表达方式上存在差异,翻译时往往都是“既增又减”。这种根据各自语言特点,在具体上下文中适当地“增、减”,就是我们所要讨论的翻译技巧。 词量增减,是指根据原文上下文的意思、逻辑关系以及译文语言句法特点和表达习惯,在翻译时增加原文字面没有出现但实际内容已包含的词,或者减去原文虽有但译文语言表达用不着的词。必须指出的是,词量增减必须防止两个倾向:一是添枝加叶,任意发挥;二是避难就易,肆意裁割。 1、增词 增词,从理论上说可以增加任何词,但在什么时候增加什么样的词,才能恰到好处,而不超出一定界限,则需要悉心体会。下面试分析几个译例: 1)A book, tight shut, is but a block of paper. 译文一:一本书,紧紧合上,只是一叠纸。 译文二:一本书,如果紧紧合上不读,只是一叠纸。 译文三:一本书,如果紧紧合上不读,只是一叠废纸。 译文四:闲置之书只是一叠废纸。 上面同一个句子四个译文,可以体现翻译不同层次。译文一,与原文似乎丝丝入扣,但却显得支离破碎、关系不清、语意不足;译文二,增加了“如果……不读”,意思明白无误,只是觉得言犹未尽;译文三,又增加了一个废字,这可是点睛之举。能否译出这个废字,是翻译这个句子的关键。一个废字,说话者语意才得以充分表达。译文三不足之处,就是行文拖沓累赘;而译文四则简明扼要,笔酣墨浓了。 2)Success is often just an idea away. 译文一:成功往往只是一个念头的距离。 译文二:成功往往只是一念之差。 译文三:成功与否往往只是一念之差。 译文一让人看后莫名其妙;译文二改变说法,但仍让人似懂非懂,而译文三只是简简单单增加了一个“与否”,但却使人豁然开朗!原句意思表达得淋漓尽致。 如同文学翻译一样,经贸文字翻译增词现象也是千变万化。下面实例可供学习者体会增词原理和技巧。 1)All cash bonus shall be subject to income tax.所有现金红利,均须缴纳所得税。(根据汉语行文习惯,增加动词。)

翻译技减词

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Money If you can actually count your money, then you are not really a rich man. ——American oil billionaire J. Paul Getty What is money Economists define money as anything that is generally accepted in payment for goods or services or in the repayment of debts. Types of money A. Commodity money B. Convertible paper money C. Fiat money(or fiat currency): Usually paper money, is a type of currency whose only value is that a government made a fiat that the money is a legal method of exchange. Unlike commodity money or representative money it is not based in another commodity such as gold or silver and is not covered by a special reserve. D. Private debt money E. Electronic money Private debt money A loan that the borrower promises to repay in currency on demand. . IOU the checkable deposit at commercial banks and other financial institutions.

翻译技巧:加词法和减词法

翻译技巧(二):加词法和减词法 加(增)词法 英汉两种语言,由于表达方法不尽相同,有些词在英语中可以省略而不会影响全句意思的完整表达,但译成汉语后就可能出现意思不够明确的语言现象;还有些词虽然在原文中意义明确而完整,但译成汉语后文字却不甚通顺流畅。在这种情况下,就需要使用增词译法。增词法就是在翻译时按照意义、修辞或句法上的需要,在原文的基础上添加必要的单词、词组、分句或完整句,从而使得译文在语法、语言形式上符合译文习惯和在文化背景、词语联想方面与原文一致,使得译文与原文在内容、形式和精神等三方面都对等起来,更忠实通顺地表达原文的思想内容。 S y n t a c t i c a l A m p l i f i c a t i o n(从句法结构上考虑的增词) This kind of amplification includes: amplification by supplying such kinds of words as verbs, nouns, adjectives, adverbs, numerals, category words, generalization words, and the plural forms of nouns. (1) 增加量词(classifier) 英语中数词与可数名词往往可以直接连用,不用加量词。而汉语往往要加量词。 It was a nova! 这是一颗新星! The sun rose thinly from the sea. 一轮红日从海边淡淡升起。 A stream was winding its ways through the valley into the river. 一弯溪水蜿蜒流过山谷,汇到江里去了。 (2) 增加表达复数的词(convey the concept of plurality)

翻译专用词

全国人民代表大会National People's Congress (NPC) 主席团Presidium 常务委员会Standing Committee 办公厅General Office 秘书处Secretariat 代表资格审查委员会Credentials Committee 提案审查委员会Motions Examination Committee 民族委员会Ethnic Affairs Committee 法律委员会Law Committee 财政经济委员会Finance and Economy Committee 外事委员会Foreign Affairs Committee 教育、科学、文化和卫生委员会Education, Science, Culture and Public Health Committee 内务司法委员会Committee for Internal and Judicial Affairs 华侨委员会Overseas Chinese Affairs Committee 法制工作委员会Commission of Legislative Affairs 特定问题调查委员会Commission of Inquiry into Specific Questions 宪法修改委员会Committee for Revision of the Constitution 2、中华人民共和国主席President of the People's Republic of China 3、中央军事委员会Central Military Commission 4、最高人民法院Supreme People's Court 5、最高人民检察院Supreme People's Procuratorate 6、国务院State Council (1)国务院部委Ministries and Commissions Directly under the State Council 外交部Ministry of Foreign Affairs 国防部Ministry of National Defence 国家发展和改革委员会National Development and Reform Commission 国家经济贸易委员会State Economic and Trade Commission

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