Resolution of high order WENO schemes for complicated flow structures

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ResolutionofhighorderWENOschemesforcomplicated

flowstructures

JingShia,Yong-TaoZhangb,Chi-WangShub,*

aDepartmentofMathematics,UniversityofTexasatAustin,Austin,TX78712,USAbDivisionofAppliedMathematics,BrownUniversity,182GeorgeStreetBoxF,Providence,RI02912,USA

Received9July2002;receivedinrevisedform28January2003;accepted6February2003

Abstract

Inthisshortnoteweaddresstheissueofnumericalresolutionandefficiencyofhighorderweightedessentiallynon-oscillatory(WENO)schemesforcomputingsolutionscontainingbothdiscontinuitiesandcomplexsolutionfeatures,throughtworepresentativenumericalexamples:thedoubleMachreflectionproblemandtheRayleigh–Taylorinsta-bilityproblem.Weconcludethatforsuchsolutionswithbothdiscontinuitiesandcomplexsolutionfeatures,itismoreeconomicalinCPUtimetousehigherorderWENOschemestoobtaincomparablenumericalresolution.Ó2003ElsevierScienceB.V.Allrightsreserved.

Keywords:WENOschemes;Highorderaccuracy;DoubleMachreflection;Rayleigh–Taylorinstability

1.Introduction

Inthisshortnoteweaddresstheissueofnumericalresolutionandefficiencyofhighorderweighted

essentiallynon-oscillatory(WENO)schemesforcomputingsolutionscontainingbothdiscontinuitiesand

complexsolutionfeatures,throughtworepresentativenumericalexamples:thedoubleMachreflection

problemandtheRayleigh–Taylorinstabilityproblem.

TheWENOschemesweuseinthispaperarethefifthorderfinitedifferenceversiondevelopedbyJiang

andShuin[7]andtheninthorderfinitedifferenceversiondevelopedbyBalsaraandShuin[1].Wewillonly

giveaveryroughsketchofthealgorithmsandreferto[7]and[1],andalsotothelecturenotes[10],formost

details.Foraconservationlawssystem

utþfðuÞxþgðuÞy¼0ð1:1

ÞJournalofComputationalPhysics186(2003)690–696www.elsevier.com/locate/jcp

*Correspondingauthor.Tel.:1-401-863-2549;fax:1-401-863-1355.E-mailaddresses:jshi@mail.ma.utexas.edu(J.Shi),zyt@cfm.brown.edu(Y.-T.Zhang),shu@cfm.brown.edu(C.-W.Shu).

0021-9991/03/$-seefrontmatterÓ2003ElsevierScienceB.V.Allrightsreserved.doi:10.1016/S0021-9991(03)00094-9theconservativefinitedifferenceschemesweuseapproximatethepointvaluesuijatauniform(orsmoothly

varying)gridðxi;yjÞinaconservativefashion.Namely,thederivativefðuÞxatðxi;yjÞisapproximatedalong

theliney¼yjbyaconservativefluxdifference

fðuÞxjx¼xi%1

Dx^fiþ1=2󰀁À^fiÀ1=2󰀂;

whereforthefifthorderWENOschemethenumericalflux^fiþ1=2dependson5pointvaluesfðukjÞ,k¼

iÀ2;...;iþ2,whenthewindispositive(i.e.,whenf0ðuÞP0forthescalarcase,orwhenthecorresponding

eigenvalueispositiveforthesystemcasewithalocalcharacteristicdecomposition).Thisnumericalflux^fiþ1=2iswrittenasaconvexcombinationofthreethirdordernumericalfluxesbasedonthreedifferentsub-stencils

ofthreepointseach,andthecombinationcoefficientsdependona‘‘smoothnessindicator’’measuringthe

smoothnessofthesolutionineachstencil.Theresultingschemecanbeprovenuniformlyfifthorderaccurate

insmoothregionsincludingatanysmoothextrema.Fordiscontinuitiesthesolutionisessentiallynon-os-

cillatoryandgivessharpshocktransitions.TheninthorderWENOschemesfollowasimilarrecipe,with9

pointsinthestenciland5sub-stencilsof5pointseach.The‘‘monotonicitypreservinglimiters’’in[1]isnot

usedinthispaper.WedonotobserveaneedtofurtherlimitthesolutionbeyondtheWENOrecipeforthe

testcaseshere.TimediscretizationisviathethirdorderTVDRunge–Kuttamethodin[11].TheCFL

numberistakenas0.6foralltheruns.Wehavenotobservedsignificantimprovementforthenumerical

resolutionwhenthetimestepisreducedorwhentheorderofaccuracyintimeisincreasedforthesetestcases.

WENOfinitedifferenceschemesarerelativelyeasytocodeandhaveexcellentparallelefficiency.

However,becauseofthelocalcharacteristicdecompositionandtheevaluationofthenon-linearsmooth

indicators,themethodsareCPUtimecostly,especiallyforthehigherorderversions.Anaturalquestionis

whetheritisworthwhiletousesuchhighordermethods.Theanswertothisquestionisproblemdependent.

Formanyproblemscontainingonlysimpleshockswithalmostlinearsmoothsolutionsinbetween,suchas

thesolutionstomostRiemannproblems(shocktubeproblems),agoodsecondordermethod,suchasPPM

[4]orotherTVD[6]methods,wouldbetheoptimalchoice.However,whenthesolutioncontainsboth

discontinuitiesandcomplexsolutionstructuresinthesmoothregions,ahigherordermethodmaybemore

economicalinCPUtime,asdemonstratedbytheexamplesinthispaper.

2.Twonumericalexamples

Inthissection,weusethedoubleMachreflectionproblemandtheRayleigh–Taylorinstabilityproblem

asexamplesforproblemswithbothdiscontinuitiesandcomplexsolutionstructurestodemonstratethe

resolutionofhighorderWENOschemes.BothproblemsareforthetwodimensionalEulerequationsof

compressiblegasdynamics,namelyEq.(1.1)with

u¼ðq;q󰀃u;q󰀃v;EÞT;

fðuÞ¼ðq󰀃u;q󰀃u2þp;q󰀃u󰀃v;󰀃uðEþpÞÞT;

gðuÞ¼ðq󰀃v;q󰀃u󰀃v;q󰀃v2þp;󰀃vðEþpÞÞT:

Hereqisthedensity,ð󰀃u;󰀃vÞisthevelocity,Eisthetotalenergy,pisthepressure,relatedtothetotalenergy