Resolution of high order WENO schemes for complicated flow structures
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ResolutionofhighorderWENOschemesforcomplicated
flowstructures
JingShia,Yong-TaoZhangb,Chi-WangShub,*
aDepartmentofMathematics,UniversityofTexasatAustin,Austin,TX78712,USAbDivisionofAppliedMathematics,BrownUniversity,182GeorgeStreetBoxF,Providence,RI02912,USA
Received9July2002;receivedinrevisedform28January2003;accepted6February2003
Abstract
Inthisshortnoteweaddresstheissueofnumericalresolutionandefficiencyofhighorderweightedessentiallynon-oscillatory(WENO)schemesforcomputingsolutionscontainingbothdiscontinuitiesandcomplexsolutionfeatures,throughtworepresentativenumericalexamples:thedoubleMachreflectionproblemandtheRayleigh–Taylorinsta-bilityproblem.Weconcludethatforsuchsolutionswithbothdiscontinuitiesandcomplexsolutionfeatures,itismoreeconomicalinCPUtimetousehigherorderWENOschemestoobtaincomparablenumericalresolution.Ó2003ElsevierScienceB.V.Allrightsreserved.
Keywords:WENOschemes;Highorderaccuracy;DoubleMachreflection;Rayleigh–Taylorinstability
1.Introduction
Inthisshortnoteweaddresstheissueofnumericalresolutionandefficiencyofhighorderweighted
essentiallynon-oscillatory(WENO)schemesforcomputingsolutionscontainingbothdiscontinuitiesand
complexsolutionfeatures,throughtworepresentativenumericalexamples:thedoubleMachreflection
problemandtheRayleigh–Taylorinstabilityproblem.
TheWENOschemesweuseinthispaperarethefifthorderfinitedifferenceversiondevelopedbyJiang
andShuin[7]andtheninthorderfinitedifferenceversiondevelopedbyBalsaraandShuin[1].Wewillonly
giveaveryroughsketchofthealgorithmsandreferto[7]and[1],andalsotothelecturenotes[10],formost
details.Foraconservationlawssystem
utþfðuÞxþgðuÞy¼0ð1:1
ÞJournalofComputationalPhysics186(2003)690–696www.elsevier.com/locate/jcp
*Correspondingauthor.Tel.:1-401-863-2549;fax:1-401-863-1355.E-mailaddresses:jshi@mail.ma.utexas.edu(J.Shi),zyt@cfm.brown.edu(Y.-T.Zhang),shu@cfm.brown.edu(C.-W.Shu).
0021-9991/03/$-seefrontmatterÓ2003ElsevierScienceB.V.Allrightsreserved.doi:10.1016/S0021-9991(03)00094-9theconservativefinitedifferenceschemesweuseapproximatethepointvaluesuijatauniform(orsmoothly
varying)gridðxi;yjÞinaconservativefashion.Namely,thederivativefðuÞxatðxi;yjÞisapproximatedalong
theliney¼yjbyaconservativefluxdifference
fðuÞxjx¼xi%1
Dx^fiþ1=2À^fiÀ1=2;
whereforthefifthorderWENOschemethenumericalflux^fiþ1=2dependson5pointvaluesfðukjÞ,k¼
iÀ2;...;iþ2,whenthewindispositive(i.e.,whenf0ðuÞP0forthescalarcase,orwhenthecorresponding
eigenvalueispositiveforthesystemcasewithalocalcharacteristicdecomposition).Thisnumericalflux^fiþ1=2iswrittenasaconvexcombinationofthreethirdordernumericalfluxesbasedonthreedifferentsub-stencils
ofthreepointseach,andthecombinationcoefficientsdependona‘‘smoothnessindicator’’measuringthe
smoothnessofthesolutionineachstencil.Theresultingschemecanbeprovenuniformlyfifthorderaccurate
insmoothregionsincludingatanysmoothextrema.Fordiscontinuitiesthesolutionisessentiallynon-os-
cillatoryandgivessharpshocktransitions.TheninthorderWENOschemesfollowasimilarrecipe,with9
pointsinthestenciland5sub-stencilsof5pointseach.The‘‘monotonicitypreservinglimiters’’in[1]isnot
usedinthispaper.WedonotobserveaneedtofurtherlimitthesolutionbeyondtheWENOrecipeforthe
testcaseshere.TimediscretizationisviathethirdorderTVDRunge–Kuttamethodin[11].TheCFL
numberistakenas0.6foralltheruns.Wehavenotobservedsignificantimprovementforthenumerical
resolutionwhenthetimestepisreducedorwhentheorderofaccuracyintimeisincreasedforthesetestcases.
WENOfinitedifferenceschemesarerelativelyeasytocodeandhaveexcellentparallelefficiency.
However,becauseofthelocalcharacteristicdecompositionandtheevaluationofthenon-linearsmooth
indicators,themethodsareCPUtimecostly,especiallyforthehigherorderversions.Anaturalquestionis
whetheritisworthwhiletousesuchhighordermethods.Theanswertothisquestionisproblemdependent.
Formanyproblemscontainingonlysimpleshockswithalmostlinearsmoothsolutionsinbetween,suchas
thesolutionstomostRiemannproblems(shocktubeproblems),agoodsecondordermethod,suchasPPM
[4]orotherTVD[6]methods,wouldbetheoptimalchoice.However,whenthesolutioncontainsboth
discontinuitiesandcomplexsolutionstructuresinthesmoothregions,ahigherordermethodmaybemore
economicalinCPUtime,asdemonstratedbytheexamplesinthispaper.
2.Twonumericalexamples
Inthissection,weusethedoubleMachreflectionproblemandtheRayleigh–Taylorinstabilityproblem
asexamplesforproblemswithbothdiscontinuitiesandcomplexsolutionstructurestodemonstratethe
resolutionofhighorderWENOschemes.BothproblemsareforthetwodimensionalEulerequationsof
compressiblegasdynamics,namelyEq.(1.1)with
u¼ðq;qu;qv;EÞT;
fðuÞ¼ðqu;qu2þp;quv;uðEþpÞÞT;
gðuÞ¼ðqv;quv;qv2þp;vðEþpÞÞT:
Hereqisthedensity,ðu;vÞisthevelocity,Eisthetotalenergy,pisthepressure,relatedtothetotalenergy