ThomasHardyandhisTess_省略_essofthed_Urber

第6卷第10期Vol.6No.102009年10月October2009读与写杂志ReadandWritePeriodical

1IntroductionofThomasHardyandHisTessofthed’UrbervillesInHardy’sVictoriannovel,Tessofthed’urbervillesisoneofthebestandmostpopularworks,inthisworkHardyusesalotofsymbolslikeobjects,figuresorcolorstobuildsuspenseofcharacter’slifeaswellasrepresentauthor’sideaoffatalismandcriticismofthereality.Duetoitsspecif-icage,thenovelisblendingofsymbolismandrealism.ThispaperanalyzestheimageofbirdsinordertomakethereadersunderstandTess’slifebetter.1.1IntroductionofThomasHardyThomasHardy((bornJune2,1840,HigherBockhampton,Dorset,Eng.—diedJan.11,1928,Dorchester,Dorset)Britishnovelistandpoet.Hepracticedarchitecturebeforebeginningtowritepoetry,thenprose.Manyofhisnovels,beginningwithhissecond,UndertheGreenwoodTree(1872),aresetintheimaginarycountyofWessex.FarfromtheMaddingCrowd(1874),hisfirstsuccess,wasfollowedbyTheReturnoftheNative(1878),TheMayorofCasterbridge(1886),TessoftheD'Urbervilles(1891),andJudetheObscure(1895),allexpress-inghisstoicalpessimismandhissenseoftheinevitabletragedyoflife.Hardy'sworkswereincreasinglyatoddswithVictorianmorality,andpublicindignationatJudesodisgustedhimthathewrotenomorenovels.HereturnedtopoetrywithWessexPoems(1898),PoemsofthePastandthePresent(1901),andTheDynasts(1910),ahugepoeticdramaoftheNapoleonicWars.1.2BriefintroductionofTessofthed’UrbervillesWrittenbyThomasHardyin1891,thisstoryisaboutasixteenyearoldcountrygirlnamedTessDurbeyfield.Afterherfatherdiscoversthey’rerelatedtothewealthyandpowerfuld’Urbervilles,Tessissenttoanearbymemberofthefamilytoclaimherkinandhelpoutherfamily’sfinancialstraits.Alecd’Urbervilleisattractedbyher,andputsherinchargeofhismother’spoultry—butwindsupseducingandthenrapingher,whichleavesherpregnant.Aftershereturnshome,shefindsworkinthefieldsandbirthsherson,Sorrow,whothengrowsillanddies.SheleavestheareadevastatedbythelossandtakesupworkatthenearbyTalbothaysDairytobe-comeamilkmaid.Shefallsinlovewithatravelingfarmer’sapprenticenamedAngelClare,whoshetriestoresistmarrying.Shedoes,though,andwhentheyrevealtheirpasts,hecan’tforgiveherforhavinganotherman’schildeventhoughsheforgiveshisprofligacy.Theysplitupforayear,andshetakesaharshjobinFlintcombtomakeherway..ShefindsAlecthereonedayasapracticingevangelicalminister,butheleaveshispositiontopursuehertomarryhim,whichshestoutlyrefuses.Afterherfather’sdeath,unexpectedly,Tesshastheburdenofthefamilywelfareonhershoulders,andthey’reshortlythereafterevictedfromtheircottage.ShebelievesdeepdownthatAngelhasabandonedher,andAlecsaysitaswell,andTessknowsherfamilywoulddowellbyAlec’swealthandproperty.Sheagreestobewithhim,andwhenAn-gelreturnsandfindsherwithhim,sheaskshimtoleaveandneverreturn.Hedoes,butTesskillsAlecinafitofrageforhislies.ShefleestoAngelandprofesseswhatshe’sdone,andtheytrytohideandescapethecountry.Theyhaveaweekofblisstogetherbeforethey’recaptured,andTessistakenaway,butshemakesAnglepromisetomarryhersister,LizaLu,afterherdeath,whichheagreestodo.2TheimagesofbirdinTessofd’UrbervilleBirdConstitutesoneofthedominantsymbolsinThomasHardy’sclassicworkTessoftheD’Urbervilles.Imagesofbirdrecurthroughoutthenovel,evokingorcontradictingtheirtra-ditionalspiritualassociationwithahigherrealmoftranscen-dence.WhenTessisinagoodmood,shefeels“thetreeswerejustasgreenasbefore;thebirdssangandthesunshoneasclearlynowasever”.“Sheheardapleasantvoiceineverybreeze,andineverybird'snoteseemedtolurkajoy”.Thebirdsinthisscenearenotaccompaniedbydarkness;theyaresymbolsofthefreedomandlightnessthatarebeforeTessinherlifeatthedairy.Whensheisdepressed,“Onlyasolitarycracked-voicedreed-sparrowgreetedherfromthebushesbytheriver,inasad,machine-madetone,resemblingthatofapastfriendwhosefriendshipshehadoutworn.”“likeabirdcaughtinaclap-net”.Thebirdsinthesceneareassociatedwithdepression,hardship,anddarkness.Tessevenlearnscog-nitionrelatedtobirds“theserpenthisseswherethesweetbirdssing”,andherviewsoflifehadbeentotallychangedbythelesson.2.1BirdsinthewildTessoccasionallyhearsbirdcallsonherfrequenthikesacrossthecountryside.Asfollowing:Tessstoodandwaited.Theatmosphereturnedpale,thebirdsshookthemselvesinthehedges,arose,andtwittered.(chapter4)Darknessandsilenceruledeverywherearound.AbovethemrosetheprimevalyewsandoaksofTheChase,inwhichwerepoisedgentleroostingbirdsintheirlastnap;andaboutthemstolethehoppingrabbitsandhares(chapter11)Birdswouldsoarthroughitintotheupperradiance,andhangonthewingsunningthemselves,oralightonthewetrailssubdividingthemead,whichnowshonelikeglassrods(chapter20)Thebirds’indifferencetoTess’strouble,maketheauthoroppugn“wherewasTess’guardianangle?Wherewastheprovidenceofhersimplefaith?”Birds’freeexpressivenessstandsinstarkcontrasttoTess’ssilentandconstrainedexis-ThomasHardyandhisTessofthed’Urbervilles:AnalysisoftheimagesofbirdsinTessofthed’Urbervilles李宁张志敏（延安大学外国语学院陕西延安716000）Abstract:ThearticlegivesabriefintroductionofThomasHardyandHisTessofthed’Urberville,theimageofbirdsinTessofthed’Urbervilleanditsimportanceforillustratingthethemehasalsobeenanalyzed.Keywords:ThomasHardy;Tessofthed’Urberville;Tess;imagesofbirds中图分类号：I106文献标识码：A文章编号：1672-1578（2009)10-0001-02