高中英语复习_介词讲解
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介词讲解 一. 介词概述 介词又称前置词,一般放在名词的前面。介词属于虚词,不能独自作为句子成分,必须与名词或代词等词类一起构成介词短语,才可以充当句子成分。 二. 介词的分类 ·按其构成分,可分为以下几种形式: 种类 特点 例词 简单介词 即一个介词 about, at, by, under, of, over, past
复合介词 有两个介词组成一个介词或介词短语 as for, as to, out of, inside, into, outside, within, without, onto, throughout 双重介词 由一个单一介词相连而作为一个介词使用的介词,但没有复合介词那么固定 from among从…当中,from behind 从…之后, from beyond 从…之外, from under 从…之下 from within 从…之内, up to直到、轮到、胜任, until / till after 直到…之后 短语介词 由短语组成 in front of, because of, instead of , along with, up to, according to next to 分词介词 由动词-ing形式构成 concerning, including regarding
·按其词义分为下列常见的几种 基本用法 例 词 表示地点(包括动词) about, above, across, along, among, around, at, before, behind, below, beside, between, beyond, by, down, in, near, with… 表示时间 about, after, around, as, at, before, behind, between, during, from, in, into, of, on, cover, towards, under, up, upon, within… 表示除去 besides, but, except… 表示比较 as, like, above, over… 表示赞成和反对 with, against… 表示原因、目的 for, with, from… 表示结果 to, with, without… 表示手段、方式 by, in, with… 表示所属 of, with… 表示条件 on, without, considering… 表示让步 despite, in spite of, notwithstanding… 表示关于 about, concerning, regarding, with regard to, as for, as to… 表示对于 to, for, at, with… 表示根据 on, according to… 表示其他 for, without… 三. 介词短语在句中的作用 ·作定语。例如: 1) A friend in need is a friend indeed. 2) The houses opposite ours are being pulled down. ·作状语。例如: 1) With production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year. 2) Such an approach was unlikely to work given the current stricken state of both the auto industry and the economy as a whole. ·作表语,例如: 1) Japan is to the east of China. 2) He is always among the first to come to the school. ·作宾语补足语 1) Make yourself at home. 2) We found her in better spirits. 四. 介词后直接接形容词的情况 介词后接形容词通常加上being。例如: He was dismissed from his job for being absent-minded while working. 但在现在英语中,某些介词后可省略being直接接形容词。这种用法仅限于某些含介词的短语,通常比较固定,不能随便套用。例如: 1)take … for granted Ex: I took it for granted that you would stay with us. 2)far from +形容词 Ex: His explanation was far from satisfaction. 3)anything but +形容词 Ex: He is anything but angry. 4)kind of +形容词 Ex: He looks kind of pale after his illness. 5)sort of +形容词 Ex: She is sort of excited. 6)consider …as +形容词 Ex: We considered the wire as disconnected. 7)accept … as +形容词 Ex: We accepted the conclusion as true. 8)regard … as +形容词 Ex: Do you regard it as necessary I should come?
说明:在regard … as后还可接介词短语和介词。 五. 介词省略的情况 ·表示时间的短语中有next, last, one, this, every, each, some, any, all等单词时,介词应省略。如: You can come any day you like. We worked hard all last year. ·在有不定冠词a或an(a或an的意思是“每一…”)的短语中,不用介词。如: three times a day 每天三次 sixty miles an hour 每小时60英里 forty hours a week 每周40小时 once a month 一月一次 An apple a day keeps the doctor away. ·含height,length,size,shape,age,color,weight等词的短语在句中作表语时,短语前不用介词。如: She is the same age as me. He is just the height to be a policeman. What color are her eyes? ·在in the same way, in this way, in another way等短语中,in常常被省略。如: Please go (in) this way. ·表示持续一段时间的短语中,for常被省略。如: We stayed there for three weeks. 六. 常用介词以及介词短语讲解 口诀:早、午、晚要用in,at黎明、午夜、点与分。 年、月、年月、季节、周,阳光、灯、阴、衣、冒in。 将来时态in...以后,小处at大处in。 有形with无形by,语言、单位、材料in。 特征、方面与方式,心情成语惯用in。 介词at和to表方向,攻击、位置、恶、善分。
日子、日期、年月日,星期加上早、午、晚, 收音、农场、值日on,关于、基础、靠、著论。 着、罢、出售、偷、公、假,故意、支付、相反,准。 特定时日和"一……就",on后常接动名词。 年、月、日加早、午、晚,of之前on代in。 步行、驴、马、玩笑on,cab,carriage则用in。
at山脚、门口、在当前,速、温、日落、价、核心。 over、under正上下,above、below则不然, beyond超出、无、不能,against靠着,对与反。 besides,except分内外,among之内along沿。 同类比较except,加for异类记心间。
before、after表一点, ago、later表一段。 before能接完成时,ago过去极有限。 since以来during间,since时态多变换。
1. 早、午、晚要用in 例:in the morning 在早上 in the afternoon 在下午 in the evening 在晚上 in the day 在白天 2. at黎明、午、夜、点与分 例: at dawn, at daybreak 在黎明时候 at noon 在中午 at night 在夜间 at midnight 在午夜 at six o'clock 在6点钟 at 7:30 (seven thirty) 在7点半 at nine fifteen 在9点15分 at the weekend 在周末 3. 年、月、年月、季节、周 即在"来年",在"某月",在"某年某月" (但在某年某月某日则用on),在四季,在第几周等都要用in。 例:in 1986 在1986年 in March 在三月 in December 1986 1986年12月 in autumn 在秋季 in winter 在冬季 in the fist week of this semester 这学期的第一周 in the third week 在第三周 4. 阳光、灯、荫、衣、冒 in, 即在阳光下,在灯下,在树阴下,穿衣、着装、冒雨等都要用in。 例:Don't read in dim light. 切勿在暗淡的灯光下看书。 They are reviewing their lessons in the bright light. 他们在明亮的灯光下复习功课。 a prisoner in irons 带着镣铐的囚犯 They are sitting in the shade of a tree. 他们坐在树阴下乘凉。 He went in the rain to meet me at the station. 他冒雨到车站去接我。 The poor dressed (clothed) in rags in old society. 旧社会穷人们衣衫褴