2020宝山一模
Monaco Grand Prix
The air is fresh with the heat of early summer as you arrive in the beautiful country of Monaco on the day of the race. Your ___41____ to the Monte-Carlo neighborhood is bursting with color as classic styles of European architecture catch your eye. When you reach the race course area, you are led to the harbor where you will watch the race from the____42____ of a friend’s yacht (游艇）.Soon, the Formula One cars will pull onto the starting point and the race will begin.
Each of the cars in the Monaco Grand Prix is ____43____, but all of them are fast and modern. The race course also____44____ as being complex and difficult, with a frightening hairpin (发夹）turn along a very narrow street. ____45____ these streets at speeds over 150 kilometers per hour, drivers must take over. Even the slightest _____46____ could turn a multi-million dollar car into a pile of waste. The driver who claims first place receives an award and will go down ____47____as one of the world’s finest drivers.
Indianapolis 500
On race day the grandstands (大看台）are filled with excitement as you enter the Indianapolis Motor Speedway. You find your seat, ____48____ yourself against the harsh heat and marvel at the huge black oval (椭圆形的）track below. Moments later, a fleet of Indy Cars rolls onto the track,____49____ themselves in 11 neat rows of three. The sound of 33 turning engines rings in your ears, and you cheer with the crowd as the powerful cars take off from the starting line.
Unlike Monaco Formula One cars, Indy cars are more uniform in their ____50____. They tend to be much longer, and reach 260 kilometers per hour. Since the drivers must race for 500 miles,
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the race is quite long, ____51____ three to five hours. The resulting wear and tear on each car is managed with short stop. The driver’s excellent team performs ____52____ at amazing speeds. The dangerous nature of this race requires ____53____ communication between the drivers and their teams. They must plan short stops ____54____ or the driver loses precious time and it could _____55____ them the race.
41. A. memory B. aim C. anxiety D. ride
42. A. comfort B. position C. bottom D. direction
43. A. colorful B. fashionable C. unique D. similar
44. A. comes out B. stands out C. turns out D. points out
45. A. Crossing B. Constructing C. Driving D. Competing
46. A. touch B. spot C. error D. hole
47. A. in history B. in advance C. in return D. in all
48. A. pushing B. drawing C. fighting D. fanning
49. A. following B. arranging C. warning D. urging
50. A. design B. preparation C. display D. regulation
51. A. timing B. extending C. delaying D. lasting
52. A. check B. maintenance C. device D. condition
53. A. short B. special C. constant D. loud
54. A. professionally B. positively C. directly D. carefully
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55. A. cost B. sacrifice C. defeat D. fail.
41-45 DACBA 46-50 CADBA 51-55 DBCDA
2020崇明一模
What did we do to deserve cats and dogs? Not only are they super cute and make us smile on a daily basis, scientists from Washington State University have now proved that touching our favourite__41__ friends gently for just ten minutes is an effective way to reduce stress levels.
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In findings published in A ERA Open — an open access journal published by the American Educational Research Association — last month, scientists showed that the general __42__ of students improves quickly, with even those who are highly stressed showing ''significant” reduction in cortisol levels — a chemical produced by our bodies in limes of stress.
Many universities have adopted "Pet Your Stress Away" programs where students can __43__ cats or dogs and it appears to be showing both psychological and physiological benefits now.
The research, conducted by Washington State University (WSU), shows that pets improve students' moods, and their __44__ as stress-relieving physiological benefits. “Just 10 minutes can have a significant __45__,” said Patricia Pendry, an associate professor in WSU's Department of Human Development.
This is the first study that has demonstrated reductions in students' cortisol levels during a __46__ intervention (介入).
The team chose 249 college students and put them into tour random groups and compared the effects of different __47__ to animals. The first group were provided 10 minutes of actual interaction with dogs and cats. The second group waited in line while__48__others petting the animals. The third group watched a slide-show of the same animals, while the fourth group had to __49__ and was told they would be allowed to sec the animals after 10 minutes.
Salivary cortisol __50__ were collected from each participant starting from the moment they woke up in the morning. There was significantly less cortisol in the saliva of students who had __51__ interaction with the pets.
Many universities have started these __52__ where students can interact with cats or dogs to help relieve the pressures of higher education. “We already knew that students enjoy interacting with animals, and that it helps them experience more__ 53 __ emotions,” Dr Pendry said. “What we wanted to learn was whether this exposure would help students reduce their stress in a less __54__ way. And it did, which is __55__because the reduction of stress chemicals may, over time, have
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significant benefits for physical and menial health.”
41. A. new B. furry C. close D. personal
42. A. endurance B. awareness C. education D. well-being
43. A. glance at B. focus on C. interact with D. escape from
44. A. presence B. performance C. intelligence D. perseverance
45. A. potential B. problem C. chance D. impact
46. A. real-life B. part-time C. first-rate D. high-quality
47. A. responses B. exposures C. contributions D. approaches
48. A. keeping B. preventing C. observing D. catching
49. A. swear B. wait C. supervise D. appreciate
50. A. samples B. levels C. injections D. tips
51. A. little B. harmonious C. informal D. direct
52. A. campaigns B. programs C. researches D. majors
53. A. complex B. intense C. familiar D. positive
54. A. subjective B. risky C. mysterious D. effective
55. A. demanding B. challenging C. exciting D. disappointing
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41. B 42. D43. C44. A45. D46. A47. B48. C49. B50. A
51. D 52. B53. D54. A55. C
2020奉贤一模
Ecology is a complicated thing. Given the facts that elephant damage often kills trees and bush fires often kill trees, it would be 41 to assume that a combination of the two would make things worse. Contrary to this assumption, 42 , as the recently-published research by Benjamin Wigley shows, if a tree has already been damaged, fire can 43 help to make things better.
One common way in which elephants harm trees is by stripping(剥) them of their bark(树皮). Dr Wigley, who did indeed start from the obvious 44 , set off to find out how much worse bush fires would make the effects of this bark stripping. To serve this purpose, he set up a study in the Kruger National Park. Since 1954, the Kruger has been the site of experiments in which plots of land have been burned 45 , to understand the effects of fire on plain ecology. In these experiments, Dr Wigley looked at trees in three different zones, in one of which, the trees were
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burned every year; in the second, they were burned every other year, while the third zone, by contrast, was actively 46 fire. To keep things consistent, he looked at the fate of the same tree species, the marula(马鲁拉树), in all three zones. He picked marulas because they are particular 47 of elephant activity. Their fruit are delicious, and prized by elephants and people alike. But elephants also seem to enjoy eating their bark. In July 2016 he and his colleagues identified 20 marulas in every zone and used special tools to 48 from each of them a circular section of bark 5 cm in diameter. Having imposed this damage, they 49 the wounds over the course of the following two years, to see what would happen. To their 50 , they discovered that the wounds of trees in fire zones recovered far better than those of trees that had seen no fires at all. Wounded trees in the annual burn zone re-grew 98% of their lost 51 during the two years of the study. Those living in the biennial(两年一次的) burn zone re-grew 92% of it. But those in the zone where fires were 52 re-grew only 72%.
The researchers also found something else when they were measuring the trees’ wounds: ants.
Ten of the 20 trees in the fire-prevention zone developed ant colonies in their wounds. The ants in question were a species that is known to damage trees and is supposed to 53 tissue healing.
By contrast, only five trees in the biennial burn zone and three in the annual zone developed ants’ nests in their wounds. It looks, therefore, as if bush fires are treating trees’ wounds by killing ants that might 54 colonize and damage them. Though such fires are surely harmful to healthy trees, it seems, in an example of two negatives making a positive, as if they are actually 55 to sick ones.
41. A. difficult B. reasonable C. necessary D. awful
42. A. however B. therefore C. furthermore D. somehow
43. A. uniquely B. barely C. actually D. merely
44. A. phenomenon B. evidence C. imagination D. assumption
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45. A. equally B. regularly C. severely D. purposely
46. A. burnt with B. protected from C. covered by D. exposed to
47. A. participants B. partners C. victims D. friends
48. A. mark B. remove C. hit D. measure
49. A. regulated B. checked C. healed D. monitored
50. A. disappointment B. surprise C. joy D. relief
51. A. vitality B. height C. bark D. strength
52. A. controlled B. prevented C. started D. boosted
53. A. disturb B. promote C. impact D. quicken
54. A. therefore B. nevertheless C. then D. otherwise
55.A. beneficial B. unbelievable C. effective D. cruel
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41-55 BACDB BCBDB CBADA
2020虹口一模
Inc. is checking out of China’s fiercely competitive domestic e-commerce market. The company told sellers on Thursday that it would no longer __41__ its third - party online marketplace or provide seller services on its Chinese website, . ___42___,domestic companies will no longer be able to sell products to Chinese consumers on its e-commerce platform.
The decision marks an end to a long ___43___ by America’s e-commerce giants in the Chinese market. The firms entered the Chinese market with great attention in the early 2000s, only to ___44___ in the face of competition from China’s faster - moving Internet giants.
Amazon has been in talks to ___45___ its e-commerce business for goods imported into China with a Chinese competitor, NetEase Inc.’s Kaola, in a stock - for - stock transaction（交易）, according to a person familiar with the matter. That would remove the Amazon name from ___46___ e-commerce in China. Neither company would confirm the progress or details of those ___47___, nor would they say if they are continuing.
In a written statement, Amazon said it remained ___48___ to China through its global stores, Kindle businesses and web services. Amazon China’s president would leave to take on another role within the company, the company said. The China consumer - business team will report ___49___ to the company’s global team.
When Amazon first entered China in 2004 with the ___50____ of , it was the largest online seller for books, music and video there. Most Chinese consumers were using cash - on - delivery as their to form of ___51___. Today, Amazon China chiefly caters to customers looking for imported international goods such as cosmetics and milk powder and is a(n) ___52___ player in the booming Chinese e-commerce market.
Amazon China commanded just 6% of gross market volume in the niche（细分的）cross -
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border e-commerce market in the fourth quarter of 2018, versus NetEase Kaola’s 25% ___53___ and the 32% held by Alibaba Group Holding Ltd.’s Tmall International
Chinese consumers are becoming more fascinated with ___54___ brands. In 2011, 85% of Chinese consumers said they would always buy a foreign brand over a domestic one. By 2016, 60% of respondents said they preferred domestic over foreign brands. Shaun Rein, China Market research’s founder, said American e-commerce giants ___55___ obstacles in China because they didn’t offered the products or user experience that consumers were looking for.
41. A. assist B. expand C. operate D. tailor
42. A. As a result B. By contrast C. For example D. In addition
43. A. criticism B. negotiation C. struggle D. resolution
44. A. interact B. withdraw C. split D. survive
45. A. associate B. combine C. exchange D. supply
46. A. time - consuming B. long - suffering C. ever - lasting D. consumer - facing
47. A. talks B. businesses C. competitions D. instructions
48. A. related B. accustomed C. exposed D. committed
49. A. automatically B. directly C. regularly D. secretly
50. A. breakdown B. improvement C. purchase D. participation
51. A. refund B. payment C. sponsorship D. trade
52. A. complicated B. critical C. original D. insignificant
53. A. share B. budget C. volume D. maximum
54. A. foreign B. luxurious C. domestic D. fashionable
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55. A. dealt with B. forgot about C. got through D. came across
41 - 45 CACBB 46 - 50 DADBC 51 - 55 BDACD
2020黄浦一模
Endangered languages can be found throughout the world. Many languages now have fewer than 100 or even fewer than 10 speakers. The crisis is not limited to remote regions of the world. When Europeans first arrived in North America, 312 different languages were __41__, of which 123 are now known to be extinct. Of the __42__ languages, most speakers are grandparents and great - grandparents.
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Different researchers offer different definitions of “endangered”. The system of __43__ used by the Catalogue of Endangered Languages evaluates languages in four areas: the __44__ of all the speakers, how often the language is conveyed to the next __45__, the rate at which it is losing speakers and the __46__ in which it is used. Based on this data, languages are ranked on a six - point scale from “safe” to “severely endangered.” The midpoint, “endangered” refers to language with between 100 and 1,000 speakers who represent about half of the language’s community or ethnic group. The language is spoken only by some parents, of whom very few teach it to their children. It is __47__ used at home and is not taught in schools or used for government business.
Languages become endangered due to a number of __48__ factors including globalization, economics, technology, education policy, and changes in __49__ attitudes. As the forces of globalization make the world more interconnected, previously __50__ language communities come under pressure to participate in a larger economy, which means learning the area’s majority language. __51__, local schools often begin to teach the majority language instead of the local tongue. Local languages also __52__ as communities adopt mobile phones and computers most of which run on software that has been translated into only a handful of languages. This trend __53__ as these devices connect users to the Internet. At this point, many communities undergo a cultural __54__ in which parents no longer value the language enough to teach it to their children.
Initiatives to __55__ endangered languages have become more numerous in recent years. These efforts tend to focus on two main areas: the documentation of endangered languages, and efforts to increase the use of endangered languages among younger speakers and in the community at large.
41. A. at hand B. at risk C. in use D. in view
42. A. ancient B. evolving C. local D. surviving
43. A. assessment B. classification C. description D. research
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44. A. age B. background C. number D. religion
45. A. committee B. century C. generation D. government
46. A. content B. occupations C. situations D. themes
47. A. advisedly B. efficiently C. primarily D. rarely
48. A. balancing B. complicating C. historical D. interrelated
49. A. cultural B. mental C. moral D. religious
50. A. foreign B. informal C. isolated D. national
51. A. For example B. In contrast C. In response D. Vice versa
52. A. boom B. develop C. disappear D. suffer
53. A. ceases B. changes C. increases D. starts
54. A. difference B. influence C. shift D. variety
55. A. enrich B. purify C. refresh D. standardize
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41-50 CDAAC CDDAC BCCCC
2020嘉定一模
In product design, imagining user’s feelings leads to more original outcomes Researchers find that in a new product design, connecting with user’s heart, rather than their head, can lead to more original and creative outcomes.
Developing original and __41__ products is critical to a company’s long-term success. Thus, understanding what influences originality can have important and potentially __42__ consequences for businesses. Ravi Mehta, a professor of business administration, shows that adopting a(n) __43__ that imagines how the user would feel while using a product leads designers to experience greater empathy（同感）, which __44__ creativity and, in turn, outcome originality for new product design.
There are two ways that the product designer can __45__ the consumer’s product usage. One focuses on objective use of the product - how consumers might use the product, that is, an “objective - imagination” approach. The other focuses on feelings - how the product makes the consumer feel, a “feeling-imagination” approach.
Consumers always want to have new products that solve problems more efficiently and at a less cost. So product designers __46__ this trap of being very objective in focusing on the use of a
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product. That’s important, leads designers to experience greater empathy, which makes them more __48__, the feelings-imagination approach leads designers to experience greater empathy, which makes them more __49__ to the consumers’ ideas. This leads to greater outcome originality. Mehta said, “when you imagine consumers and focus on their feelings, that’s powerful and will lead to something much more innovative than only focusing on a product’s usage.” The research shows that a feelings - based approach is __50__ to the commonly used objective - based approach, the researchers wrote. It not only helps product designers build a better product, but is also them create more innovative products.
The implications of the findings extend to everyday consumers, who now play a role in shaping companies design. Mehta said, “Marketers are increasingly __51__ consumers for new product ideas.” __52__, there was very successful campaign a few years ago focused on getting consumers to create a new potato chip flavor.
The experiments demonstrated a __53__ effect of adopting a feelings - imagination approach. That suggest that these designers may __54__ imagining users’ feelings. In this way, designers can develop products the could __55__ to the masses. Companies can easily adopt this process and promote feelings-imagination exercise through their websites or social media.
41. A. primary B. innovative C. natural D. domestic
42. A. temporary B. slight C. indefinite D. profitable
43. A. policy B. proposal C. approach D. standard
44. A. enhances B. exhibits C. illustrates D. explores
45. A. recommend B. extend C. exploit D. imagine
46. A. fall apart B. figure out C. fall into D. turn into
47. A. originality B. objectivity C. creativity D. flexibility
48. A. In conclusion B. In addition C. As a result D. By contrast
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49. A. open B. harmful C. resistant D. equal
50. A. evident B. superior C. relevant D. alert
51. A. joining in B. applying to C. turning to D. taking to
52. A. In reality B. In other words C. What’s more D. For example
53. A. dramatic B. positive C. negative D. serious
54. A. depend on B. benefit from C. contribute to D. involve in
55. A. appeal B. refer C. adapt D. commit
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41-45 BDCAD 46-50 CBDAB 51-55 CDBBA
2020静安一模
In the Fake News Era, Building Trust with Consumers Is Crucial
With consumers growing increasingly frustrated with online advertising and privacy concerns,
how do you convince shoppers to buy your narrative (叙述), let alone your product?
A recent report by TrustRadius, a software review company that connects buyers and vendors (供应商), may be able to shed some light. Among other interesting findings, it turns out that it may actually benefit brands to be painfully __41__ about their products.
Consumer awareness of influencer marketing tactics (策略) is increasing. __42__, according to the report, most consumers trust online peer __43__ as much as recommendations from friends — and well above company advertising message. Feedback from everyday folks, it seems, actually carries more __44__ than a brand ambassador (大使) from an out-of-reach personality.
Transparency (透明度) is crucial. The report found that there is a large trust __45__ between vendors and buyers. While vendors believe they are transparent, most buyers don’t appear to see it. During the sales process, for example, 85 percent of vendors __46__ to be open about their product’s limitations during the sales process — but only 36 percent of buyers share that same view. The reality is, consumers don’t expect any products to be __47__ — they just want to enter relationships with their eyes wide open so that they can __48__the options that are best for them. They also want brands to be more __49__. 66 percent of consumers say they will leave a company if they feel they are being treated like a number and not an individual.
Along with the combination of fake news, advertising fraud, and data leaks, there have been fake reviews as well. Review sites have been __50__giving preferential (优惠的) treatment to paid advertisers, and consumers are increasingly discerning (有辨别力的), as a result. __51__, review sites are not our only source of peer reviews, with social media providing customer experiences on a second-to-second basis. When brands treat every __52__ with a customer as a potential review,
they’ll start paying more attention to detail, and being alert to delivering a valued and memorable
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experience every time. Taking feedback seriously also lets current customers feel valued and respected and makes your business seem more approachable. This helps secure __53__, and often, these customers will become brand ambassadors to their friends, family and people they meet online.
The challenge for brands today is determining how to use the __54__ of the consumer to their advantage. In an age of cutting-edge technology, artificial intelligence, and self-service customer care, it’s odd to acknowledge that the best way to build trust with your customers is by holding an open __55__ with your customers. Being more human, transparent, and listening to what people are saying will see your company thrive in an era marked by consumer suspicion.
41.A. nervous B. honest C. careful D. particular
42.A. Instead B. Otherwise C. Moreover D. However
43.A. reviews B. reactions C. experiences D. instructions
44.A. weight B. risks C. warnings D. burdens
45.A. relationship B. influence C. gap D. extension
46.A. refuse B. hesitate C. desire D. claim
47.A. advanced B. perfect C. remarkable D. unique
48.A. consider B. offer C. select D. exercise
49.A. efficient B. profitable C. human D. responsible
50.A. associated with B. mistaken by C. praised as D. criticized for
51.A. On the contrary B. In fact C. By contrast D. In a word
52.A. cooperation B. complaint C. interaction D. appointment
53.A. safety B. loyalty C. convenience D. employment
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54.A. money B. choice C. habit D. voice
55.A. dialogue B. debate C. competition D. contract
41-55BCAAC DBCCD BCBDA
2020闵行一模
The expression, “everybody’s doing it,” is very much at the center of the concept of peer pressure.
It is a social influence applied on an individual in order to get that person to act or believe in a(n) __41__ ways as a larger group. This influence can be negative or positive, and can exist in both large and small groups.
People are social creatures by nature, and so it is hardly __42__ that some part of their self-respect comes from the approval of others. This instinct explains why the approval of peers, and the fear of __43__, is such a powerful force in many people’s lives. This instinct drives people to dress
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one way at home and another way at work, or to answer a simple “fine” when a stranger asks “how are you?” even if it is not necessarily true. There is a(n) __44__ aspect to this: it helps society to function efficiently, and encourages a general level of self-discipline that __45__ day - to - day interaction between people.
For certain individuals, seeking social acceptance is so important that it becomes a(n) __46__: in order to satisfy the desire, they may go so far as to __47__ their sense of right and wrong. Teens and young adults may feel forced to use drugs, or join gangs that __48__ criminal behavior. Mature adults may sometime feel __49__ to cover up illegal activity at the company where they work, or end up in debt because they are unable to hold back the desire to buy a house or car that they can’t afford in an effort to __50__ the peers.
However, peer pressure is not always negative. A student whose friends are good at __51__ may be urged to work harder and get good grades. Players on a sports team may feel driven to play harder in order to help the team win. This type of __52__ can also get a friend off drugs, or to help an adult take up a good habit or drop a bad one.
Although peer pressure is sometimes quite obvious, it can also be so __53__ that a person may not even notice that it is affecting his or her behavior. For this reason, when making important decisions, simply going with a(n) __54__ is risky. Instead, people should seriously consider why they feel drawn to taking a particular action, and whether the real __55__ is simply that everyone else is doing the same thing.
41. A. traditional B. similar C. peculiar D. opposite
42. A. understandable B. believable C. acceptable D. surprising
43. A. disapproval B. failure C. absence D. independence
44. A. uncertain B. practical C. impossible D. vague
45. A. promotes B. prevents C. simplifies D. increases
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46. A. challenge B. inspiration C. promise D. addiction
47. A. recognize B. abandon C. decrease D. define
48. A. avoid B. encourage C. decline D. punish
49. A. pressured B. respected C. delighted D. regretted
50. A. catch sight of B. stay away from C. make fun of D. keep up with
51. A. competitions B. interaction C. academics D. adaptation
52. A. knowledge B. interest C. assistance D. influence
53. A. abstract B. ridiculous C. subtle D. reasonable
54. A. consciousness B. motivation C. instinct D. encouragement
55. A. motivation B. danger C. support D. achievement
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41-55 BDABC DBBAD CDCCA
2020浦东一模
The networked computer is an amazing device. It is the first media machine that serves as the mode of production (you can make stuff), means of distribution (you can upload stuff to the network), site of 41 (you can download stuff and interact with it), and place of praise and criticism (you can comment on the stuff you have downloaded or uploaded). 42 , the computer is the 21st century’s culture machine.
But for all the reasons there are to 43 the computer, we must also act with caution. This is because the networked computer has started a secret war between downloading and uploading—between passive consumption and active 44 —whose outcome will shape our collective future in ways we can only begin to imagine.
All animals download, but only a few upload anything besides faces and their own bodies. Humans are 45 in their capacity to not only make tools but then turn around and use them to create superfluous( 过剩的) material goods (paintings, sculpture and architecture) and superfluous experiences (music, literature, religion and philosophy). 46 , it is precisely these superfluous things that define human culture and ultimately what it is to be human. Downloading and consuming culture requires great skills, but 47 to move beyond downloading is to rob oneself of a defining ingredient of humanity.
Despite the possibilities of our new culture machines, most people are still 48
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