2005年上海春季高考英语试题

★绝密考试结束前2023年1月全国普通高等学校招生统一考试上海春考英语仿真模拟试卷（一）I.Listening Comprehension SectionA（第1-10题, 每题1分；第11-20题，每题1.5分；共25分）Section ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. At a concert. B. At a restaurant. C. At an art museum.D. At a flower shop2. A Her old classmate. B.Her husband. C. Her private doctor. D. Her son's teacher3. A SI0. B. $8 C.S18. D.$124. A.Brother and sister B.Doctor and patientC.Teacher and studentD.Interviewer and interviewee5. A She is afraid of getting fat B.She enjoys ice-creamC.She is much too thinD. She doesn't care for ice-cream6. A. A pair of trousers B.A suit. C. A coat. D. A blouse7. A. The woman should have complained to her neighborB. The woman should stay out until the neighbors are quietC The woman should have stayed at the library.D. The lab will be a better place.8. A. The man couldn't wait to see Susan.B. Susan is eager to pass the information she knowsC. Susan talks to people only on the phoneD. The man always knows the latest news in town9. A. She doesn't mind it as the road conditions are good.B. She is tired of driving in heavy traffic.C. She is unhappy to have to drive such a long way every dayD. She enjoys it because she's good at driving.10. A. It was hard to get rid of the salesmanB. The products that the salesman was selling were not good.C. The salesman kept making stops on the wayD. It was a waste of time to talk about the products.Section BDirections: In Section B. you will hear two short passages several and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of them. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. To introduce the tourist site. B. To inform the rules of tourists.C. To attract more tourists.D. To welcome the tourists.12. A. Warm clothes and some belts. B.Warm clothes and sunglasses.C.Sunglasses and fireworks.D. Sunglasses and climbing sticks.13. A. 14 kilometers. B.4.8 kilometers.C. 4.2 kilometers.D. 4.9 kilometers.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage14. A. Use library facilities. B.Library regulations.C. Library personnel.D. Location of the library.15. A. Book publishers. B.Librarians.C. Returning faculty members.D. New university students.16. A. 1,000,000 volumes(卷,册). B.Over 1,00,000 volumes.C.1,000 volumes.D. Over 110,000 volumes.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. The possible existence of life on other planets.B. Methods for building powerful new telescopes.C. A technical problem that astronomers can't solveD. The discovery of planets orbiting distant stars.18. A. They studied variations in the appearance of the parent stars.B. They were able to see the planets with a telescope.C. They compared the parent stars to the Sun.D. They sent astronauts on a mission into space19. A. Their surface features. B. Their chemical composition.C. Their temperature.D. Their age.20.A. All the stars are orbited by their own planets.B. We currently have a telescope that can be used to see other planetsC. By a very direct method,the astronomers measured subtle distortions.D. By a very indirect method,the astronomers measured subtle distortions.II.Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分）Section ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Video Games Foster Creativity?Video games that foster creative freedom can increase creativity under certain conditions, according to new research from Iowa State University. The experimental study compared the effect f playing Mine-craft, with or without instruction, to watching a TV show or playing a race video game. Those ____21____ (give) the freedom to play Mine-craft without instruction were most creative.“It’s not just that Mine-craft can help induce creativity. There seems to be something about choosing to do it that also matters,” said Douglas Gentile, a professor of psychology.____22____ you are not familiar with the game, Gentile says Mine-craft is like a virtual Lego world. The game, which has sold more than 100 million copies, allows players to explore unique worlds and create anything they can imagine. Study participants randomly assigned to play Mine-craft were split into two groups. The one receiving instruction was told to play as creatively as possible.After 40 minutes of play or watching TV, the 352 participants completed several creativity tasks. ____23____ (measure) creative production, they were asked to draw a creature from a world much different than Earth. More human like creature scored low for creativity and those less human-like scored high. Surprisingly, those instructed to be creative while playing Mine-craft were the ____24____ (creative).Gentile says there’s no clear explanation for this finding. In the paper published by Creativity Research Journal, he, Jorge Blanco-Herrera, lead author and former master’s student in psychology: and Jeffrey Rokkum,former Ph. D. student in psychology, outlined possible reasons why the instructed Mine-craft group scored lower. Blanco-Herrera says the instructions may have changed subjects’ motivation for play.“____25____ (tell) to be creative may have actually limited their options while playing, resulting in a less creative experience,” Blanco-Herrera said. “It’s also possible they used all their ‘creative juices’ while playing and had ____26____ left when it came time to complete the test.”Video games can have both harmful and beneficial effects. Gentile’s previous research has shown the amount, content and context and video games ____27____(influence) what players learn through repeated experiences. ____28____ much of Gentile’s research has focused on aggression or pro-social behavior, he says the same appears to be true for creativity.Most video games encourage players to practice some level of creativity. For example, players may create a character and story for role-playing games or be rewarded for creative strategies in competitive games. The researchers say even first-person shooter games ____29____ potentially inspire creativity as players think about strategy and look for advantages in combat.“The research is starting to tell a more interesting, nuanced picture. Our results are similar to other gaming research ____30____ ________ you get better at what you practice, but how you practice might matter just as much, ” Gentile said.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than youneed.Major companies are already in pursuit of commercial applications of the new biology. They dream of placing enzymes(酶)in the automobile to monitor ____31____ and send data on pollution to a microprocessor that will then adjust the engine. They speak of what The New York Times calls “Metal-hungry microbes(微生物)that might be used to ____32____ valuable trace metals from ocean water.” They have already demanded and won the right to patent new life forms.Nervous ____33____, including many scientists, worry that there is corporate, national, international, and inter-scientific competition in the entire biotechnological field. They create images not of oil spills, but of “microbe spills” that could spread disease and destroy entire populations. The creation and ____34____ release of extremely poisonous microbes, however, is only one cause for alarm. Completely rational and ____35____scientists are talking about possibilities that stagger(动摇)the imagination.Should we breed people with cow-like stomachs so they can digest grass and hay, thereby ____36____ the food problem by modifying us to eat lower down on the food chain? Should we biologically alter workers to fit the job requirement, for example, creating pilots with faster reaction time or assembly-line workers ____37____ to do our monotonous work for us? Should we use genetic forecasting to pre-eliminate “unfit” babies? Should we grow reserve organs for ourselves, each of us having, as it were, a “savings bank” full of ____38____ kidneys, livers or hands?Wild as these notions may sound, everyone has its ____39____ (and opposers) in the scientific community as well as its striking commercial application. As two critics of genetic engineering, Jeremy Rifkin and Ted Howard, state in their book Who Should Play God? “Broad scale genetic engineering will probably be introduced to America much the same way as assembly lines, automobiles, vaccines, computers and all the other technologies. As each new genetic advance becomes ____40____ practical, a new consumer need will be exploited and a market for the new technology will be created.”III.Reading Comprehension (41 – 55题，每题1分；56 – 70题，每题2分；共45分)SectionADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits thecontext.Deliberation is not always the best optionHumans have developed over millions of years of evolution to respond to certain situations without thinking too hard. If your ancestors ___41___ movement in the undergrowth, they would run first and ask questions later. At the same time, the ___42___ to analyse and to plan is part of what distinguishes people from other animals.The question of when to trust your gut(直觉)and when to test your ___43___—whether to think fast or slow, in the language of Daniel Kahneman, a psychologist—___44___ in the office as much as it does in the savannah(大草原).Deliberative thinking is the feature of a well-managed workplace. Strategic changes and budget discussions are built on rounds of meetings, memos, formulas and presentations. Processes are increasingly designed to ___45___ instinctive responses. From blind screening of job applicants to using “red-teaming” techniques to pick apart a firm’s plans, precision ___46___ instinct.Yet instinct also has its place. Some decisions are more connected to emotional responses and inherently(固有的)less ___47___ to analysis. Does a marketing campaign capture the ___48___ of your company, say, orwould this person work well with other people in a team? In ___49___ customer-service situations, intuition is often a better guide to how to behave than a script.Gut instincts can also be ____50____. Plenty of research has shown that intuition becomes more unfailing with experience. In one well-known experiment, conducted in 2012, volunteers were asked to ____51____ whether a selection of designer handbags were fake or real. Some were instructed to operate on instinct and others to deliberate over their decision. Intuition worked better for those who owned at least three designer handbags; indeed, it ____52____ analysis. The more expert you become, the better your instincts tend to be.____53____, the real reason to embrace fast thinking is that it is, well, fast. Instinctive decision-making is often the only way to get through the day. Researchers at Cornell University once estimated that people make over 200 decisions a day about food alone. The workplace is ____54____ but a succession of choices, a few big and many small: what to ____35____, when to intervene, whom to avoid in the lifts and, now, where to work each day.41. A. uncoveredB. spottedC. blockedD. encountered42. A. capacityB. motiveC. reluctanceD. urge43. A. consultationB. anticipationC. assumptionsD. reaction44. A. integratesB. mattersC. worksD. abuses45. A. bring outB. pick outC. make outD. stamp out46. A. equalsB. comprisesC. beatsD. boosts47. A. manageableB. adaptableC. familiarD. sensitive48. A. attentionB. opportunityC. statusD. essence49. A. roughB. toughC. nervousD. neutral50. A. improvedB. copiedC. transferredD. weakened51. A. ensureB. extinguishC. clarifyD. assess52. A. undertookB. outperformedC. facilitatedD. paralleled53. A. LikewiseB. HoweverC. ConsequentlyD. Moreover54. A. anythingB. somethingC. nothingD. everything55. A. cooperateB. prioritizeC. convinceD. striveSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits bestaccording to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)I had always been one of those quiet boys who preferred dreams to the real world. I was, in addition, absurdly shy, and therefore often mistaken for a fool, which upset me deeply. For nothing terrified me more than the prospect of correcting a false impression. Though I was often blamed by mistakes made by my classmates, I never dare to say a word in self-defense. I would simply go home to hide in a corner and cry. My greatest pleasure was to sit alone, reading, and let my thoughts drift away in the stories.My daydreams were in sharp contrast to real life; they were full of adventures and heroic deeds. They left marks on me. There was, for instance, a book about the history of the Roman Empire, in which an ambassador, while negotiating a treaty, was told that he was to accept the terms offered, on pain of death: his response was to plunge his arm into a fire and continue with his deliberations, in absolute calm. Inspired by his courage, I proceeded to test my own powers of resilience by plunging my own hand into the fire, only to burn my fingers badly. I can still see that ambassador, smiling calmly through his pain. Father hated my reading all the time, and sometimes he threw away my books. Some nights he refused to let me turn on the light in my bedroom. But I could always find a way, and after he caught me reading by the light of a string-wick lamp, he gave up and left me to it.There was a time when I tried my hand at writing; indeed, I even made a few little poems, but I quickly abandoned my efforts. No matter what I had bottled up inside me, I was extremely anxious about letting it out, and so my adventures in writing ended. I did, however, carry on painting. There was, I thought, no risk of revealing anything personal. I just took something from the outside world and brought it to life on paper. Sometimes I did hide some personal expression in it, but I made sure that it was visible enough to be seen and trivial enough to be ignored. The first time I showed my painting to my father, he was caught in silence for a while and then he breathed deeply, and said: “My son finally made something.” Then here I am, as a teacher at the Academy of Fine Arts, wondering how everything happened, from my daydreams to painting.56. The sentence “They left marks on me.” (in paragraph 2) means ________.A. daydreams did nothing but hurt the writer badlyB. daydreams influenced the writer's behavior in real lifeC. the writer had lasting memory of the books he readD. the writer couldn't distinguish books form reality57. The writer gave up writing because ________.A. it was not as interesting as readingB. he was too shy to reveal his inner worldC. he couldn't write good worksD. his father didn't like him writing58. Throughout the passage what can we learn about the writer's father?A. He was impressed with his son's paintingB. He didn't like the personality of his son.C. He was touched by his son's persistence in reading.D. He had a high expectation of his son in writing.59. The passage is mainly about ________.A. the power of readingB. the writer's adventurous daydreamsC. reflection on the start of a careerD. the efforts made to be painter(B)“Essential oils can have a major impact on your mood and health. When you apply an oil to your skin, it affects your physical state. When you inhale them, it affects your mental state,” says the “grande dame” of aromatherapy Jeanne Rose, author of The Aromatherapy Book: Applications and Inhalations.A few drops of eucalyptus on your skin will help heal a burn and smelling a pine tree might make you think of childhood Christmases. There are no rules for how to inhale oils. You can put a few drops on a tissue, or add some to water to spritz around the room or use in a diffuser(喷雾器)or vaporizer.Be very careful, however, when applying oils to the skin. Always dilute them in another oil, like palm, coconut or olive to prevent burns or allergic reactions.“A rule of thumb is 15 drops per one ounce of cream, oil or lotion,”says Sylla Sheppard-Hanger, the founder and director of Atlantic institute of Aromatherapy in Tampa, Florida.60. What kind of readers is likely to buy The Aromatherapy Book: Applications and Inhalations?A. Gardeners who provides raw materials for manufacturers of essential oils.B. Researchers dedicated to inventing new essential oils to keep people in good health.C. Common people hoping to improve health condition with essential oils.D.Psychotherapist seeking treatments for serious mental and physical disorders.61. What is the appropriate way of using essential oils?A. Spritz the oil directly around a room.B. Mix them with cream in proportion.C. Smell the fragrance from the bottle.D. Apply oils to treat skin allergy.62. The oils that can relieve your symptom of bad cold are ________.A. peppermint oilsB. conifer oilsC. citrus oilsD. spruce oils(C)By the end of the century, if not sooner, the world’s oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate, according to a new study.At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms(海洋微生物)called phytoplankton. Because of the way light reflects off the organisms, these phytoplankton create colourful patterns at the ocean surface. Ocean colour varies from green to blue, depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankton. Climate change will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some areas, while reducing it in other spots, leading to changes in the ocean’s appearance.Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface, where they pull carbon dioxide into the ocean while giving off oxygen. When these organisms die, they bury carbon in the deep ocean, an important process that helps to regulate the global climate. But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the ocean’s warming trend. Warming changeskey characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth, since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow, but also nutrients.Stephanie Dutkiewicz, a scientist in MIT’s Center for Global Change Science, built a climate model that projects changes to the oceans throughout the century. In a world that warms up by 3℃, it found that multiple changes to the colour of the oceans would occur. The model projects that currently blue areas with little phytoplankton could become even bluer. But in some waters, such as those of the Arctic, a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton, and these areas will turn greener. “Not only are the quantities of phytoplankton in the ocean changing,” she said, “but the type of phytoplankton is changing.”And why does that matter? Phytoplankton are the base of the food web. If certain kinds begin to disappear from the ocean, Dutkiewicz said, “it will change the type of fish that will be able to survive.” Those kinds of changes could affect the food chain.Whatever colour changes the ocean experiences in the coming decades will probably be too gradual and unnoticeable, but they could mean significant changes. “It’ll be a while before we can statistically show that the changes are happening because of climate change,” Dutkiewicz said, “but the change in the colour of the ocean will be one of the early warning signals that we really have changed our planet.”63. What are the first two paragraphs mainly about?A. The various patterns at the ocean surface.B. The cause of the changes in ocean colour.C. The way light reflects off marine organisms.D. The efforts to fuel the growth of phytoplankton.64. What does the underlined word “vulnerable” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A. Sensitive.B. Beneficial.C. Significant.D. Unnoticeable.65. What can we infer from the passage?A. Phytoplankton play a declining role in the marine ecosystem.B. Dutkiewicz’s model aims to avoid phytoplankton changes.C. Phytoplankton have been used to control global climate.D. Oceans with more phytoplankton may appear greener.66. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To assess the consequences of ocean colour changes.B. To analyse the composition of the ocean food chain.C. To explain the effects of climate change on oceans.D. To introduce a new method to study phytoplankton.Section CDirections: Read the following passages. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.The explosion of new media, ranging from the internet to digital television, means that people working in advertising will have to come up with more ways to catch the public’s attention in the future. _________67_________ No longer will all members be watching the same programme: some will be watching different channels on their own TVs, surfing the net or doing both at the same time. The advertising industry will have to work “harder and smarter” to cut through the “mess” of the future with a wide range of new media, all competing to catch the consumers’ eyes.People have become more individual in their consumption of advertising. New technology has made experimenting with new forms of advertising possible. The monologue where the advertisement tells housewives that this is the washing powder they should buy is just a cliché (陈词滥调) now. _________68_________ There is, consequently, little hope of them surviving for more than another twenty years. A much closer relationship with the consumer is gradually being created.The definition of what constitutes advertising will expand well beyond the conventional mass media. Shopping environments will themselves become a part of the advertising process. Increasingly, they will exist not simply to sell goods, but also to entertain people and to make sure that they enjoy their time there. The aim will be to “warm” people towards these places so that they will return to purchase goods there again.In spite of these and other changes, it is highly unlikely that TV, print and radio will disappear altogether as advertising media. _________69_________ But other marketing strategies, such as public relations and direct marketing, will become as important as advertising. Advertising agencies will have to reinvent themselves. They will no longer be able simply to produce advertisements and then support these through PR,direct marketing or the internet. Instead, they will have to change the whole way they look at communication and start thinking about ideas which are not specific to one discipline._________70_________ Originality of thinking has always been in short supply. It will continue to be so in the future. But there will be increasing coston the advertiser’s ability to be imaginative and to think laterally about engaging the consumer in a broader variety of media.IV. Summary Writing (10分)Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Absent-mindedness“Most events of absent-mindedness—forgetting where you left something or wondering why you just entered a room—are caused by a simple lack of attention,” says Dr. Daniel Schacter, a distinguished psychologist and memory scientist. “You’re supposed to remember something, but you haven’t encoded it deeply.”“Encoding,” Schacter explains, “is a special way of paying attention to an event that has a major impact on recalling it later.” Failure to encode properly can create annoying situations. If you put your mobile phone in a pocket of a jacket, for example, and don’t pay attention to what you did because you’re involved in a conversation, you’ll probably forget where exactly you put your mobile phone. Your memory itself isn’t failing you. Rather, you didn’t give your memory system the information it needed.As many people accept, women have slightly better memories than men, possibly because they pay more attention to their environment, and memory relies on just that. Yes, visual cues can help prevent absent-mindedness. But be sure the cue is clear and available. If you want to remember to take a medication with lunch, put the pill bottle on the kitchen table—don't leave it in the medicine chest and write yourself a note that you keep in a pocket.Lack of interest can also lead to absent-mindedness. “A man who can recite sports statistics from 30 years ago may not remember to drop a letter in the mailbox,” says Zelinski, a scientist from New York University. There are many cases in life where women can remember prices of bags of different brands while they tend to forget the specific place where they put their bags.71._______________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ V. Translation(第1-2句，每句3分；第3句，4分；第4句5分；共15分)Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 周末，乡间步道吸引了许多喜爱郊游的家庭。

上海2012年春季高考英语试卷第1卷(共105分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. In a restaurant. B. In a library. C. In a hotel. D. In a bookshop.2. A. Husband and wife. B. Customer and shop assistant.C. Boss and secretary.D. Teacher and student.3. A. On Monday. B. On Tuesday. C. On Wednesday. D. On Thursday.4. A. The jacket is too big for him. B. It's been too warm to wear the jacket.C. He doesn't like cold weather.D. He bought the jacket when it was cool.5. A. He prefers to work part-time. B. He wants to change his class schedule.C. He has trouble finding a part-time job.D. He doesn't want to work on campus.6. A. They have to change their weekend plans. B. They recently visited Mount Forest.C. They will join the outdoor club next year.D. They are going camping this weekend.7. A. She likes playing tennis. B. She is looking forward to the game.C. The forecast is accurate.D. The game depends on the weather.8. A. He's not feeling well. B. He spends a lot of time in the lab.C. His absence is surprising.D. He hasn't checked the lab.9. A. He'll look for it. B. He'll get someone to have a look.C. He'll park it somewhere.D. He'll ask someone to park it.10. A. They were warmly welcomed there. B. They had something unpleasant on the way.C. They didn't enjoy their stay there.D. They had a good time before arrival.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. A good income. B. Eighteen days' holiday.C. Five working hours daily.D. Regular promotions.12. A. Whether the train is on time. B. Who drives the Tube train.C. How the timetable is arranged.D. What service is offered.13. A. Both boys and girls hope to drive trains. B. Women can break bad news sympathetically.C. Traditional career patterns often change.D. London Tube is hiring more women drivers.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Right after higher education. B. Just before entering career life.C. Right after secondary school.D. Just before military service.15. A. Attend commercial courses. B. Train as a salesperson.C. Help enroll bright students.D. Work on a new project.16. A. Enriching their work and life experiences. B. Increasing their physical strength.C. Expanding their knowledge in marketing.D. Helping them gain high scores in exams.Directions:In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.School Life SurveyName: 17 SmithClass: 18Favourite subjects: Computer 19 and P.E.Three favourite places: Computer room, school garden and 20Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation,Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.What was Bob's request? To increase 21What were raises in the company based on? They were based on 22When could Bob earn a raise according to the boss? When he made the office run 23What did the boss finally say to Bob? Bob would have to 24 for himself.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.25. A huge amount of money has been spent _ _ the new bridge.A. inB. onC. withD. for26. They don't come to the book club any more, for _ reasons or other.A. someB. allC. eitherD. both27. You _____ bring your identification when you open a bank account.A. mayB. canC. mustD. will28. After the accident, we are _____ concerned with the safety of school buses than we used to be.A. littleB. lessC. muchD. more29. Before I began this job, I _____ a baby sitter for two years.A. have beenB. wasC. would beD. had been30. The diamond mine _______ accidentally by a little boy when he was playing hide-and-seek.A. discoveredB. was discoveredC. has been discoveredD. would discover31. Tom looked upon the test as an obstacle _____ his classmates regarded it as a challenge.A. whileB. becauseC. unlessD. if32. People have learnt the importance of keeping a balanced diet _____ their nutritional needs.A. satisfyB. satisfiedC. to satisfyD. having satisfied33. Once _ _, Joe devoted her life to looking after children and being a full-time homemaker.A. having marriedB. being marriedC. marryingD. married34. _____ you take a photo, you should always check the position of the sun.A. BeforeB. AfterC. BecauseD. Though35. Despite the fact _____ they lacked food, the explorers continued towards the goal.A. whichB. thatC. whatD. whether36. Sailing across the ocean alone was an achievement took courage.A. whatB. whoC. whichD. where37. a wet football can hurt your foot if you are not careful.38. It was not until 1920 American women had the chance to vote in national elections.A. whenB. thatC. whereD. which39. Portable videophones will show us _____ is happening at the other end of the line.A. whichB. whatC. howD. why40. Big companies usually have a lot of branch offices _____ in different parts of the world.A. to have operatedB. be operatedC. operatingD. having operatedSection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. accountedB. averageC. continuousD. rankE. linkF. comparison G additional H. associated I. risk J. confirmedTelevision watching is an activity which is known to be harmful to health and is distinct from getting too little exercise. But a new study suggests its damaging effects may even 41 alongside those from smoking and obesity. Researchers who studied television viewing habits in Australia calculated that people who watch for a(n) 42 of six hours a day shorten their life expectancy by almost five years.They based their calculations on data on the 43 between television viewing and death from the Australian obesity and lifestyle study which involved l 1,000 adults aged 25 and over. Applying these findings to the whole population over 25, who are estimated to have watched 9.8 billion hours of TV in 2008, they concluded that it 44 for 286,000 years of life lost --- equivalent to 22 minutes for each hour watched. By 45 , smoking one cigarette is estimated to shorten life expectancy by 11 minutes --- equivalent to half an hour of TV watching.Writing in the British Journal of Sports Medicine, the authors from the University of Queensland, say the figures suggest "huge loss of life may be 46 with too much TV viewing." The UK and other industrialized countries are likely to be similarly affected "given the typically large amounts of time spent watching TV and the similarities in disease patterns." The researchers add: "If these figures are 47 and shown to reflect a cause and effect relationship, TV viewing is a public health problem comparable in size to established behavioral risk factors."Researchers from Taiwan University found even those who did as little as 92 minutes' exercise a week--- equivalent to 15 minutes a day for six days a week --- reduced their 48 of death by 14 per cent. Even this small amount of exercise could postpone one in six of all deaths --- similar to the effects of a stop-smoking programme. Each 49 15 minutes a day reduced the death rate by a further 4 per cent.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.A screen door allows for an open view while at the same time affording a degree of privacy. 50 , communication between parents and their child away at college should have openness in expressing viewpoints but, at the same time, it should demonstrate a respect for privacy. Staying in touch with each other is important because without 51 , there is no connection and worry can take over. All involved should try to be 52 in listening to, understanding and dealing with special concerns or needs that arise whether they be from the student, parents or friends.For the happy student adjusting well at school, calls to home can be infrequent. This is not necessarily a cause for parents to 53 . While parents are naturally 54 about what their child is up to, the majority of students are busy getting accustomed to their new home, making new friends and 55 to new schedules and activities. The fact is that without any ill intention on purpose, they can spend little time thinking about home and they may not appreciate the degree of their parents' 56 curiosity.circumstance can bring a 58 period for both parent and child. For the parents at home, it can be terribly 59 to sense their child is unhappy. It is difficult to judge how we should react to this challenge: as 60 , we want to bring our children home to the safety of our nest; in our parent-teacher role, we want to 61 the ties and allow our child the opportunity to make it on his/her own.For the student away at school, unhappiness can be lonely and frightening and in some cases, it can lead to depression and illness. There is a sense of 62 for some homesick students who fear that Mom and Dad will 63 their inability to cope with the new environment. This is especially true when the homesick one sees classmates adjusting somewhat effortlessly. No matter what the circumstances are that have created 64 , communication between parent and child must remain open, honest and in balance.50. A. Relatively B. Contrarily C. Typically D. Similarly51. A. sacrifice B. privacy C. appreciation D. communication52. A. sensitive B. confident C. casual D. modest53. A. worry B. regret C. cheer D. wonder54. A. uninformed B. curious C. happy D. sensible55. A. adding B. referring C. adjusting D. leading56. A. strange B. increasing C. awakened D. normal57. A. formally B. frequently C. sincerely D. patiently58. A. disappointing B. recovering C. challenging D. training59. A. damaging B. disturbing C. demanding D. exhausting60. A. protectors B. reminders C. inspectors D. individuals61. A. maintain B. establish C. restore D. cut62. A. relief B. responsibility C. achievement D. embarrassment63. A. get bored with B. get upset with C. be ignorant of D. be honest with64. A. opportunity B. uncertainty C. unhappiness D. nervousnessSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)For six hours we shot through the landscape of the Karoo desert in South Africa. Just rocks and sand and baking sun. Knowing our journey was ending, Daniel and I just wanted to remember all we had seen and done. He used a camera. I used words. I had already finished three notebooks and was into the fourth, a beautiful leather notebook I'd bought in a market in Mozambique.Southern Africa was full of stories and visions. We were almost drunk on sensations. The roaring of the water at Victoria Falls, the impossible silence of the Okavango Delta in Botswana. And then the other things: dogs in the streets, whole families in Soweto living in one room, a kilometre from clean water.As we drove towards the setting sun, a quietness fell over us. The road was empty -- we hadn't seen another car for hours. And as I drove, something caught my eye, something moving next to me. I glanced in the mirror of the car; I glanced sideways to the right, and that was when I saw them. Next to us, by the side of the road, thirty, forty wild horses were racing the car, a cloud of dust rising behind them -- brown, muscular horses almost close enough to touch them, to smell their hot breath. I didn't know how long they had been there next to us.I shouted to Dan: "Look!", but he was in a deep sleep, his camera lying useless by his feet. They raced the car for a few seconds, then disappeared far behind us, a memory of heroic forms in the red landscape. When Daniel woke up an hour later I told him what had happened."Wild horses?" he said. "Why didn't you wake me up?""I tried. But they were gone after a few seconds.""Are you sure you didn't dream it?""You were the one who was sleeping!"We checked into a dusty hotel and slept the sleep of the dead.65. During their journey in Africa, the two travelers .A. made friends with local residentsB. complained about the poor living conditionsC. enjoyed the sunset in the Karoo desert mostD. recorded their experiences in different ways66. What does the phrase "heroic forms" in Paragraph 4 refer to?A. Racing cars.B. Wild horses.C. Eye-catching locals.D. Running dogs.67. What did Daniel think when he woke up and was told what had happened?A. He always missed out on the best thing.B. He had already taken beautiful pictures.C. A sound sleep was more important.D. The next trip would be better.68. What is the passage mainly about?A. How to view wildlife in Africa.B. Running into wildlife in Africa.C. Tourist attractions in southern Africa.D. Possible dangers of travelling in the desert.(B)The Age of UnreasonCharles Handy In his book The Age of Unreason Professor Handy describes the dramatic changes that are taking place in our lives today and warns that we must adapt to these changes if we want to survive in the future. Handy believes that in the future less than 50% of the workforce will be employed full-time by an organization. These full-time employees will be the qualified professionals, technicians, and managers who are essential to an organization. Their working lives will be a lot more demanding than today, but in return they will be well-paid and they will retire earlier. The rest of the workforce will be self-employed or will work part-time, providing organizations with the products and services they require on a contract basis. Handy forecasts a big increase in the number of working mothers in future and believes there will be a large number of unemployed.Handy gives us plenty of figures to worry about. He estimates that by the year 2040, one person in five will retire, and one in ten will be over seventy-five years old. There will be one retiree to every three people of working age, and even more than that in countries such as Germany and Switzerland, where the proportion will be as much as one to two. Retirees will remain healthy and active for longer than they do today and many will live to be a hundred years old, a fact which leads Handy to suggest that the term retirement will no longer be appropriate. He suggests the third age is a more appropriate description, since it will be as important a part of our lives as the first age of learning and the second age of working are for us today.69. Professor Handy wrote the book most probably to .A. warn us of potential social problems in the futureB. predict the leading professions in the coming yearsC. describe the effect of unemployment on societyD. suggest a better term for future retirement70. According to Professor Handy, the future workforce will .A. adapt to the changes in retirement easilyB. be mainly self-employedC. have fewer full-time workers than todayD. work on a contract basis71. From the last paragraph, we learn that about 30 years from now, .A. the number of retirees will double in many countriesB. ageing will be a common and serious problemC. 10% of the population will live to be 100 years oldD. the third age will be the most important part of our lives(C)Frederic Mishkin, who's been a professor at Columbia Business School for almost 30 years, is good at solving problems and expressing ideas. Whether he's standing in front of a lecture hall or engaged in a casual conversation, his hands are always waving and pointing. When he was in graduate school, one of his professorsthe professor's office.It turns out, however, that Mishkin's professor had it exactly wrong. Gesture doesn't prevent but promotes clear thought and speech. Research demonstrates that the movements we make with our hands when we talk form a kind of second language, adding information that's absent from our words. It's learning's secret code: Gesture reveals what we know. It reveals what we don't know. What's more, the agreement (or lack of agreement) between what our voices say and how our hands move offers a clue to our readiness to learn.Many of the studies establishing the importance of gesture to learning have been conducted by Susan Goldin-Meadow, a professor of psychology at the University of Chicago. "We change our minds by moving our hands," writes Goldin-Meadow in a review of this work. Particularly significant are what she calls "mismatches" between oral expression and physical gestures. A student might say that a heavier ball falls faster than a light one, for example, but make a gesture indicating that they fall at the same rate, which is correct. Such differences indicate that we're moving from one level of understanding to another. The thoughts expressed by hand motions are often our newest and most advanced ideas about the problem we're working on; we can't yet absorb these concepts into language, but we can capture them in movement.Goldin-Meadow's more recent work stresses not only that gesture shows our readiness to learn, but that it actually helps to bring learning about. It does so in two ways. First, it elicits (引出) helpful behavior from others around us. Goldin-Meadow has found that adults respond to children's speech-gesture mismatches by adjusting their way of instruction. Parents and teachers apparently receive the signal that children are ready to learn, and they act on it by offering a greater variety of problem-solving techniques. The act of gesturing itself also seems to quicken learning, bringing new knowledge into consciousness and aiding the understanding of new concepts. A 2007 study by Susan Wagner Cook, an assistant professor of psychology at the University of Iowa, reported that third-graders who were asked to gesture while learning algebra(代数) were nearly three times more likely to remember what they'd learned than classmates who did not gesture.72. According to Paragraph 1, Frederic Mishkin was asked to sit on his hands because _ _.A. he could little express his ideas that wayB. he always pointed his finger at his professorC. his professor did not like his gesturingD. his gestures prevented his professor from thinking73. How is gesturing important in acquiring knowledge?A. It draws tasteful responses from others and increases learning speed.B. It promotes second language learning and quickens thinking.C. It provides significant clues for solving academic problems.D. It reduces students' reliance on teachers' instruction.74. What can be inferred from the passage about gesture-speech mismatches?A. They can stimulate our creativity.B. Instructors should make full use of them.C. Teachers can hardly explain new concepts without them.D. They serve as a stepping stone to solving real life problems.75. What could be the best title of the passage?A. Hand Motions, a Second LanguageB. Gesturing: Signal of UnderstandingC. New Uses of GesturingD. The Secret Code of LearningSection CDirections:Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A-F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need.A. Kids' watching e-books is far from reading.B. Reading bedtime stories is a rarely changed routine.C. What really counts is the words that appear.D. E-books are cool in a technological sense.F. E-books for children are not that well-received.76.In my house, bedtime stories are holy. Rarely does something change the nightly routine, although feverish kids have been known to be tucked in, without story. But last week, my 4-year-old awoke at 1 a.m. with this complaint: "You forgot to read me my bedtime story." She was right. So I pulled a book from her shelf' and cuddled her close as she turned the pages. Reading forges connections between parents and children (even in the middle of the night, it's also good for little brains.)77.But does the form in which the words appear matter? The New York Times reports that parents---even those who are avid digital downloader’s---are avoiding kids' e-books for the real things. It seems that the feel and texture of paper pages along with colorful illustrations beats the static dimensions of a screen.78.The article ran in the paper's Monday business section, but it may be more of a cultural tale. More than 25% of some adult literature is sold digitally, but e-books targeted at kids under 8 take up less than 5% of total children's book sales. "Refuting a childhood classic on an e-reader is such a cold thing to do," says Carol Moyer, head of the children's department at Quail Ridge Books. "E-books don't have the warmth and intimacy of the illustration on the page."79.Technology fans believe e-books can compete. On CNET, Rick Broida sings the praises of the iPad, which "can do a lot more than just display static pages. It can read stories aloud; it can enrich a classic tale with 'touch-powered extras; and it can even render pages in 3D." he describes Alice in Wonderland---"Alice for the iPad"---as a classic tale that involves animation like no other e-book to date. Readers can tilt the iPad to make Alice grow, shrink and so on.80.Sounds cool, but it seems more like a movie than a book. Watching digital dramatizations of stories isn't reading. When my kindergartener spent tech-lab time following instructions to surf an e-books site, her teacher recognized that she wasn't reading; she was learning to use a computer.Section D'Directions:Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.An African-born British scientist received an environment research prize at the Convention on Migratory Species (CMS) meeting for showing how bees can be used to reduce conflict between people and elephants. Lucy Ki ng's work proved that beehive “fences" (蜂箱"栅栏")can keep elephants out of African farmers' fields. The animals are scared of bees, which can bite them inside their long noses, and flee when they hear buzzing (蜂鸣声). Dr King's work offers an intelligent solution to an age-old challenge, while providing further confirmation of the importance of bees to people and a really clever way of preserving the world's largest land animal for current and future generations. Working in Kenya, Dr King and her team showed that more than 90% of elephants will flee when they hear the sounds of buzzing bees. Afterwards, they also found that elephants produce a special sound to warn their fellows of the danger. They used the findings to construct barriers where beehives are woven into a fence, keeping the elephants away from places where people live and grow food.A two-year project involving 34 farms showed that elephants trying to go through the fences would shake them, disturbing the bees. Later, the fences were adopted by farming communities in three Kenyan districts -- who also made increased amounts of money from selling honey. "Dr Lucy King has designed a constructive solution that considers the needs of animals but also the economic benefits to the local communities linked to species preservation," said CMS executive secretary Elizabeth Maruma Mrema.As Africa's population grows, competition for space between people and elephants is becoming more serious, and there are fatalities on both sides. The same is true in parts of Asia. Sri Lanka alone sees the deaths of allWorking with the charity Save the Elephants, Lucy King now wants to see whether the Kenyan technique will work in other parts of Africa --- and perhaps, eventually, in Asia. "With Asia, there are some issues we'd have to look at --- it's a totally different elephant species, the bee species are different, it rains a lot more, we have animals like bears that love honey --- but I'd be very interested in sharing my research with anyone with experience in Asia to see whether it could work there," she said.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)81. Lucy King's research shows that by using bees, can be reduced.82. How do most elephants in Kenya respond to the sounds of buzzing bees?83. Dr. King's work is regarded as a constructive solution, for it considers .84. What four issues should be thought about in the application of Lucy King's findings in Asia?第Ⅱ卷(共45分)I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1．完成这项任务要花好几个月的时间。

2024上海英语春考解析摘要：1.导语：介绍2024年上海英语春考的重要性2.试卷分析：详述试卷结构、题型及难度3.答题策略：提供针对不同题型的答题技巧和建议4.真题解析：剖析典型试题，分析答题思路和误区5.备考建议：为考生提供实用的备考计划和资源6.结语：鼓励考生积极备考，迎接挑战正文：**导语**2024年上海英语春季高考即将来临，这场考试对于广大考生来说至关重要。

为了让考生更好地了解考试内容，本文将为大家详细解析2024年上海英语春考。

**试卷分析**根据历年春考经验，2024年上海英语春考试卷将分为四个部分：听力、阅读、完形填空和写作。

试卷结构如下：1.听力：约占总分值的20%，测试考生的英语听力理解能力。

2.阅读：约占总分值的40%，测试考生的英语阅读理解能力。

3.完形填空：约占总分值的20%，测试考生在语境中运用词汇的能力。

4.写作：约占总分值的20%，测试考生的英语书面表达能力。

**答题策略**针对不同题型，考生可采取以下策略：1.听力：在做听力题时，注意抓住关键词，快速作出判断。

遇到不懂的词汇，可尝试根据上下文和语境进行推测。

2.阅读：在阅读题中，先快速浏览全文，了解文章大意。

答题时，注意细节，如转折、因果等关系。

同时，善于运用排除法，提高答题速度。

3.完形填空：在做填空题时，注意词汇的固定搭配和用法，结合语境进行分析。

遇到生僻词汇，可尝试使用词义推测法。

4.写作：在写作过程中，务必保证文章结构清晰，内容连贯。

注意使用过渡词汇，使文章读起来更加自然。

同时，注意语法和词汇的准确性。

**真题解析**以下为历年春考真题解析：1.听力：了解说话人的语气、态度和目的，抓住关键信息。

2.阅读：通过排除法和对比选项，找出正确答案。

3.完形填空：根据语境和词汇搭配，选出最佳选项。

4.写作：紧扣题目要求，展示自己的观点和思考。

**备考建议**1.制定合理的学习计划，确保每天的学习时间充足。

2.多做真题练习，总结自己的弱点。

2021年1月全国普通高等学校招生统一考试上海英语试卷I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the question you have heard.1. A. Fresh. B. Salty. C. Tender. D. Dry.2. A luxurious tie. B. A set of classic works.C. A red scarf.D. A wallet.3. A. In a barbershop. B. In the cinema.C. In the mall.D. In the library.4. A. The boy stayed up all night. B. The boy came home too early.C. The boy is forgiven.D. The boy didn't go home at night.5. A. She will accompany the man who asks questions.B. She also doesn't know the meaning of the term.C. She sympathized with the man very much.D. She is well aware of the meaning of the newly coined term.6. A. She needs to hurry. B. The alarm clock didn't ring.C. She broke the alarm clock.D. She is late for school.7. A. $ 10,000. B. ¥11,000. C. ¥12,000. D. $ 11,0008. A. He couldn't offer help because of his foot injury.B. He can't stand the noise of these boxes moving.C. He can't stand the woman carrying these boxes.D. He doesn't want to carry the box down from the fifth floor.9. A. He is just an ordinary man, not a hero.B. He wants the woman to publicize his deeds.C. He has already finished financial aid for students.D. He wants the woman to keep it a secret.10. A. The woman likes to take a shower before going to bed.B. The man can't have a shower before going to bed.C. Hot water is supplied in the hotel until 10 p. m. in winter.D. The hotel still supplies hot water after 10 p. m.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Have a professional energy checkupB. Update all the household appliancesC. Make a do-it-yourself home energy checkup.D. Find the leaks on the outside of your home12. A. Because it can help you save energy in a house.B. Because it can help you decide where should be upgraded first.C. Because it can help you remember where you have inspected.D. Because it can help you reduce the air leaks.13. A. How to choose a professional energy checkup.B. How to conduct the home energy checkup.C. How to make a list of obvious air leaks.D. How to save energy in your home.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. To make people remember him.B. To show his excellent talent.C. To remember the moments in university.D. To recall his childhood.15. A. It used some advanced narrative skills.B. It is easy to understand the deep meaning.C. It has a kind of bell ringing quality.D. It is suitable to recite aloud with expression.16. A. He likes to compose poems at quiet corners.B. He graduated from Harvard University in 1995.C. He wrote only two poems in his life.D. He had a good time at Harvard.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. His office is richly decorated.B. He has used this office for a week.C. His office is very modern.D. His office space is spacious enough.18. A. To record his trip next week.B. To communicate with overseas scholars.C. To collect cost-effective web cameras.D. To record the contents of the report file.19. A. A chair that rises up and down and has arms.B. A modern simple chair.C. A folded chair without a handle.D. A second-hand solid wood chair.20. A. How to choose a web camera.B. How to prepare for an online meeting report.C. How to improve Professor White's office.D. How to decorate Professor White's Office.Ⅱ. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Why Being in a Band Is CoolWhen you were younger, a piano lesson may have ruined your day. Carrying a flute（长笛）from class to class just for a half-hour lesson (21) __________ have seemed pointless. But as you enter the adult world suddenly you realise that knowing how to play an instrument is pretty cool. Yes, even the flute.So, what makes being in a band so cool? Is it because you get to go on stage and play to millions of adoring fans? Well, yes, but it’ll be a few years before your dodgy rendition of ‘Twinkle, Twinkle Little Star’ starts to resemble a Mozart symphony.(22) __________ talented you’ve been in music it’s still not easy to organise a band, but here’s a quick guide to get you started:(1) Find your members.You’ll need a drummer, a guitarist, a bass guitarist and a singer. Any other instruments are a bonus. This is where (23) __________(play) the flute comes in, if you can make playing the flute cool, you deserve all the fame and fortune in the world!(2) Organise a band practice.If you are lucky enough to have a band member (24) __________ a drum kit and parents who are hard of hearing, you can practise at home for free. Otherwise, you’ll need to find a local studio (25) __________ can be expensive. (26) __________(divide) the cost equally, including the cost of hiring any equipment such as cymbals for the drummer, you rock together, you roll together!(3) Be productive.If you’re paying for a studio, the last thing you want is to spend it catching up with each other, so meet half an hour in advance to get all the chatting (27) __________(finish).(4) Agree on songs to learn, and learn them.Each band member should choose a song for the whole band (28) __________(learn) ready for rehearsal. This will allow you to see (29) __________ genres(类型) work for your group.(5) Start writing.Once you know what music works for you, start writing! You can do this individually or as a band but the most important thing is to respect other people’s songs. It’s very rare to find (30) __________ who isn’t shy about sharing their first few pieces of writing, so be nice!If that sounds like a lot of hard work, then you’re right! If it also sounds like a lot of fun, get started!But what is it that makes all that hard work worth it?Being in a band teaches you precious life lessons. It is a fun way of learning about how to share opinions respectfully, be creative, become more confident and work as a team. Once you can do that you’ll be well on your way to finding what it is about you that makes you unique, special and cool!Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.The nature is part of us. Therefore, it holds a mysterious (31) __________ for me. In my memory, the valley was quiet and calm, only to see the wheat all over the mountains waving together in rhythm when the wind blew through, like a ballet troupe. The sun rose every morning as usual, sweeping across the valley and ultimately falling behind the peaks. The snow that falls in winter always melts in spring, bringing new hope to this nature where everything was pleasant and beautiful.Led by fate, I have become an environmentalist and had the honor of being invited to address students about my green lifestyle for a long time. The students were surprised at my lifestyle and maybe they thought my lifestyle was no longer suitable for modern life. Fortunately, they were still listened to whole lecture, saluting or (32) __________ me --- to some extent the applause implied their encouragement to me. As I began to interact with them under the stage, I was (33) __________ by kids’ lack of knowledge of nature so that the y had little knowledge of protecting environment.After the address, I put up a stand in the (34) __________ offering green food, hoping them interested in it to get to the (35) __________ experiencing a first-hand feeling of the green lifestyle no one shows any interest in. So I decided to team up with the concert (36) __________ to run a campaign:“anyone who can answer a(n) (37) __________ environmental question is qualified to attend the concert. Soon the music can (38) __________ them coming here.”Since then, I have been considering why kids today do not have the same deep appreciation for nature that I do. One of the significant factors may be that the former rural civilization has been replaced by the urban civilization. In the past, the poor played the (39) __________ role in the nature, so they cleared the wasteland, planted crops and reproduced civilization. With the massive invasion of industrialization and urbanization, people were forced to move away from nature. The struggle between tradition and modernity, the confrontation between humans and nature has led people to believe that they are the masters of the universe. Is this really the case? It is time to think about who (40) __________ us to destroy nature.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The misery of my bike commute in Calgary, Alberta, is the river valley hill. It’s n ot particularly steep, but at about a mile long, I rarely climbed up without arriving with sweat. Studies have shown the prospect of arriving at work sweaty is one of the biggest (41)___________ to getting would-be bike commuters out of their cars. That's especially true in a city like Los Angeles, where (42) ___________ may face long routes, hills or hot streets with a lack of shade.“Pedelec”, or pedal electric-assisted bikes like the one I rode, can end that worry. They look and act like traditional bicycles, but their motors make pedaling much easier when required. Sometimes called the most energy-efficient motorized mode of transportation ever built, they're also incredibly green. The biggest barrier may be the outdated attitude that sees bikes only as a recreational athletic opportunity rather than a practical (43) ___________ option.At a time when cities across North America are struggling to combat crippling traffic and reduce climate emissions, e-bikes have the (44) ___________ to ease both problems. And yet ridership has yet to truly (45) __________. About 152,000 e-bikes were sold last year in the U. S. , a figure that would be more than 5 million if Americans used them at the same rate as western Europeans.Many of the barriers to e-bike (46 ) _________in North America are legislative. Patchwork rules treat e-bikes more like mopeds than traditional pedal bikes in some jurisdictions, meaning they are (47) ___________from bike lanes and from boarding public transportation.Few places on the continent, (48) ___________ , are better poised to break through these barriers than California. Legislation was approved last year to encourage e-bike use, by legally differentiating the cycles from mopeds. In an attempt to head off worries about turbocharged machines flying down sidewalks and bike lanes at unsafe speeds, the law classifies bikes into different tiers to (49) ________lower-speed e-bikes, which top out at 20 mph, from faster- moving “ speed pedelecs”, which are restricted from protected bike paths.Amid these legislative (50) ___________ , e-bikes have become more accessible to consumer. Finding them in bike shops isn’t as (51 ) ________as it once was, and their cost has fallen as the price of lithium-ion batteries has dropped. Today, a decent e-bike, while still (52) ___________, is comparable in price to a high-end mountain bike.After years of (53 ) ___________over mixing pedal and motor power, cycling advocacy organizations also are finally throwing their support behind e-bikes. Dave Snyder, the executive director of the California Bicycle Coalition, (54) ___________ t he state’s new legislation based partly on the (55) ___________ that e-bikes help out those who “just can't ride as far or as fast as they need to”.41. A. advantages B. processes C. barriers D. complements42. A. riders B. builders C. customers D. volunteers43. A. production B, communication C. facilities D. transportation44. A. routine B, potential C. temporary D. major45. A. make of B. carry on C. bring up D. take off46. A. adaptation B. adoption C. adjustment D. justification47. A. proved B. alerted C. banned D. authorized48. A. however B. unless C. meanwhile D. anyway49. A. originate B. combine C. separate D. satisfy50. A. factors B. benefits C. limits D. damages51. A. proper B. critical C. sensational D. difficult52. A. expensive B. distinctive C. sensitive D. intensive53. A. trouble B. concern C. power D. scale54. A. favored B. folded C. referred D. gifted55. A. appeal B. address C. amount D. advocateSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Among all the different types of journey that people undertake there are also those of a spiritual nature. Some of the trips we do in our lives are purely for pleasure, some are meant to make us stronger, sometimes we travel to explore and learn, and in all of these undertakings we grow and become wiser.There is a lot we can learn from the land that surrounds us and the best way to acquire that knowledge is by traveling and experiencing. This ancient aboriginal initiation ritual involves exactly this: a long spiritual hike across the indigenous land. Although widely known as “ Walkabout”, in later years the ritual has been referred to as “tempora ry mobility,” because the former is often used as a derogatory term in Australian culture.A young man on WalkaboutHistorically speaking, the walkabout is a rite of passage in which young ( adolescent) Aboriginal Australians undertake a journey that will help “transform” them into adults. The journey is usually made between the ages of 10 and 16. During this journey which can last for up to six months the individual is required to live and survive all alone in the wilderness.This is not an easy thing to do, especially not for teenagers. That is why only those who have proven themselves mentally and physically ready are allowed to proceed with the walkabout. Only the elders of the group decide whether it is time or not for the child to do it.The children are not completely unprepared for the journey. During the years before the walkabout, the elders instruct them and give them advice about the ceremony and adult life in general ；they have been passed the “ secrets” of the tribe, the knowledge about their world.Aboriginal womanThose who are initiated in the walkabout are also decorated with body paint and ornaments. Sometimes they are marked with a permanent symbol on their bodies. In some cases, a tooth is removed from the mouth, or the nose or ears of the initiated are pierced. Traditional walkabout clothes include only a simple loin cloth and nothing more.During a walkabout, a young person can sometimes travel a distance of over a 1,000 miles. In order to survive this long hike, the participant in the walkabout must be able to make their own shelter and must be capable of procuring food and water for themselves.That means he needs to hunt, catch fish, and also recognize and utilize edible and healing plants. The initiated youngster must learn to identify plants such as bush tomatoes, Illawarra plums, quandongs, lilly-pillies, Muntari berries, wattle seeds, Kakadu plums, and bunya nuts.56.What can be referred from the first two paragraphs of the passage?A. Australians like to engage in all kinds of travel.B. People can gain knowledge through travel.C. Travel is usually purely for pleasure.D. Walkabout is a long spiritual journey.57.What do we know about the young Aboriginal Australians?A. All young Australians are required to live alone in the wilderness.B. The difficulties they experienced in hiking turned them into adults.C. Walkabout should only be done if they are mentally and physically prepared.D. Walkabout is an unprepared test for the young Aboriginal Australians.58.According to the passage, what skill does a person need to acquire in the walkabout ?A. Identifying directions.B. Preserving physical strength.C. Planting plants.D. Hunting and fishing.59.Which of the following options is true about walkabout?A. Only people who have experienced torture are qualified to the walkabout.B. Women must decorate themselves with body paint and ornaments.C. To survive, the participants need to acquire certain survival skills.D. Indigenous women are not required to participate in the walkabout.(B)xMAP® Technology allows users to perform a wide range of protein-and nucleic acid-based multiplex assays, which can simultaneously detect up to 500 targets in a single run.Key Advantages of xMAP Technology：•Test for more biomarkers.•Develop custom assays.•Use less sample.•Save time and reagents.•Gain a better understanding of complex biological systems.•Order from thousands of predesigned kits from our Partners.xMAP Technology: The ScienceWhat is multiplexing? Multiplexing is a method for high-volume biomarker testing - or testing multiple analytes simultaneously within a single run - using a single sample volume. xMAP Technology is best-suited for testing 3 -500 targets.How does xMAP Technology work?xMAP Technology uses labeled microspheres or beads, allowing for the simultaneous capture of multiple analytes from a single reaction. Because of their small size and low density, xMAP microsphere-based assays exhibit virtual solution-phase kinetics during the reaction. The beads are individually read using an xMAP instrument.What does xMAP mean? Multi-Analyte Profiling, where the "x" represents the biomarkers (such as proteins, nucleic acids, or polysaccharides) that are being tested.xMAP BeadsxMAP beads come in a variety of formats, including magnetic ( MagPlex ) and non-magnetic (MicroPlex) beads.xMAP® beads pass through a red laser, or LED, which excites the internal dyes to distinguish the microsphere set. Then, a green laser or LED excites the fluorescent reporter dye to determine the result of the assay.xMAP® ApplicationsxMAP in ActionExplore xMAP®Technology and discover some of the many applications used by multiplexing research experts across the globe：xMAP Assay Automation: Automation can boost productivity, minimize errors, and save on reagents.Immunogenicity:By using xMAP Technology, researchers can consolidate multiple assays into one for more efficient immune response studies.Bead-Based Multiplexing vs. Electrochemiluminescence: Bead-based multiplexing offers significantly higher plex capacity, requires less hands-on time, and delivers superior results compared to traditional methods.Generate more data while saving sample, time, and reagentsxMAP® beads come in a variety of formats. The MagPlex Microspheres- 6.5 micron superparamagnelic beads that arc dyed with three red and infrared fluorescent dyes, resulting in 500 distinctly colored bead sets - are our most versatile and efficient microspheres for high-plex applications. Approximately 108 surface carboxyl groups (COOH) cover the surface of the bead and serve as covalent attachments for capture ligands. A fluorescent reporter is coupled to a target molecule, which allows its detection after specific capture on the microsphere surface.60. According to the passage, what is xMAP?A. A mind map.B. A test method.C. A navigation map.D. An application.61. All of the following are advantages of xMAP, except __________.A. developing custom analysisB. forming a network structureC. generating more dataD. saving samples and reagents62. Which of the following options is correct?A. The xMAP beads distinguish groups of microspheres by a blue laser.B. xMAP allows for the capture of a single analyte from multiple reactions.C. xMAP technology is used more in the experimental phase.D. The “x” in xMAP represents the biomarkers being tested.(C)Life without access to energy is simply miserable. Accessing energy is the single most important factor in improving the lives of individuals and increasing the economic opportunities available in their communities. Access to lighting transforms education from outdoors during the day, to indoors and anytime! A simple refrigerator can transform a fruit stand to a grocery store. Reliable electricity allows businesses to stay open and ultimately provides the cornerstone that allows industries to form.There is a dominant school of thought that energy access can be achieved around the world with only carbon-free sources. This paradigm envisions effectively “leapfrogging” traditional development patterns, skipping industrialization, and transforming economies with green energy and a service economy. While compelling in theory, this vision lacks several critical factors: the need to manufacture the goods that will build the economy. the scalability of energy sources, and the affordability of that energy.This transformation is currently underway and its progress is inevitable. The urgency is created by individuals’ current, difficult conditions and the availability of abundant, affordable energy, particularly coal. All new energy demand will come from the developing world. Without a thoughtful conversation about the projected doubling of world energy demand, energy consumption will continue as it is currently underway, in two parallel paths. One path prioritizes carbon-free sources, and sets goals and policies that incentivize those. The other path responds to the supply and demand inherent in a world economy and is resulting in the massive development of coal-fired electricity generation.The reality of energy development can be summarized in the example of India’s projected energy development. By 2022, India is planning 100 GW of new solar? and a relatively tiny 50 MW of new coal. However, a simple calculation of the likely emissions of these two new sources of energy conducted by a colleague at Stanford indicates that if all this new electricity generation came from natural gas, the result would be 20 percent fewer emissions. This is a conversationAlthough not a carbon-free source, natural gas has a transformative role to play in the energizing of developing nations. Abundantly available around the world, and more transportable than ever, a world natural gas market is creating a more stable, affordable supply. As an electricity generation fuel, it is both a baseload alternative to coal and a backup for renewable generation. In this capacity, natural gas provides carbon and non-carbon air emissions benefits. When used as a transportation fuel, natural gas provides significant air quality benefit to traditional fuels and can be equally affordable. When deployed as a cooking fuel, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), provides dramatic health benefits and could reduce the unnecessary 4 million annual deaths attributed to cooking over inefficient, biomass fuels. As an economic cornerstone, natural gas can empower industrial development as a chemical feedstock, fertilizer component, direct energy source, and electricity provider.63. Which of the following is the view of the dominant school?A. We must actively develop manufacturing industry to promote economic development.B. Energy affordability should be fully considered in the process of economic development.C. Developed countries don’t have to worry about energy because of overcapacity.D. Only carbon-free sources can achieve energy access in the world.64. Why is it urgent for developing countries to have access to energy?A. Because of insufficient availability energy supply.B. Because of rapid population growth.C. Because of huge consumption of renewable energy.D. Because of serious environmental pollution.65. Which of the following statements is wrong about natural gas?A. Natural gas resources are abundant all over the world.B. Natural gas is not only a substitute for coal but a renewable energy.C. Natural gas is good for the air as a traditional fuel.D. Natural gas can be used to promote industrial development.66. According to the passage, which of the following statements is correct?A. Traditional heating water to cook rice can be life-threatening.B. Natural gas is a kind of carbon-free energy.C. Energy consumption can only continue in the same way as before.D. Reducing energy poverty is the common goal of mankind.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can beToo Big, Too Expensive and Too Silly - Why Video Game Movies Fail Film adaptations of video games have fallen on the unsuspecting viewing public like a Drop Bear. Al first they look harmless enough, but they often leave viewers bruised and regretful.These movies are plentiful. (67)__________. Yet despite big budgets and quality talent both in front of and behind the camera, most video game movies are commercial and critical failures.(68)__________. The answer comes down to a complex mix of conflicting audience demands and commercial realities. Video game movies often assume that the audience wants, or is interested in, the game’s legend and background. In fairness, this is out of fear that fans will criticise legend changes, alienating a key demographic. But games reveal legend progressively over tens of hours of gameplay, whereas movies have a small portion of that time. This tension risks creating boring exposition and complex story lines. For example, Warcraft details the origins of conflict between humans and orcs (兽), the central conflict in the game’s world.(69) __________.Additionally, excessive adherence to the source material extends to using silly plot devices without spending enough time establishing proper reasons for their existence. In games, these can work due to the “unspoken but commonly understood logic of ‘this is a video game’”. In a game, people accept inconsistent narrative devices because they facilitate interesting interaction and are the quickest route towards allowing gamers to, say, shoot hell-monsters on Mars.The game series became increasingly complex, as the player-controlled protagonist (主角) parkoured his way through time periods like Renaissance Italy and Revolutionary America. The incredibility of the narrative world paled beside the fun of vaulting from rooftop to rooftop in 15th-century Florence.(70)__________. The plot- an original story which retains the key elements of the games- was criticized as “scattered and fractured”, “hastily explained”and “disorienting”.V anity Fair pointed out that “it’s not clear why any of this is happening”and RogerEbert. com summed it up as；Characters [talking] in quiet whispers about the complex methods they use to realize their poorly-hidden agendas.IV. Summary Writing71. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Tracking Customers?Fluido, a Texas-based analytics company, recently released its new product, called FluidoPlus for free. It connects retailers(零售商) to a cloud-based analytics service using Wi-Fi. They then collect information about customers behaviour by monitoring the media access code (MAC) in every smart phone that enters the stores. This means that stores will be able to implement an analytics package to receive information that could help guide their marketing. With the information, store managers can measure the number of people who walk past the store and the number who come through the front door. Also, this information includes whether or not these people come in immediately or are convinced to do so by the shop front.Fluido Plus has received a lot of criticism from consumers concerned about their privacy being invaded. But Fluido assures that the MAC data is scrambled, which means that no personally identifiable information is collected. The company also points to the fact that Fluido is a part of the group that initiated the Mobile Location Analytics code of conduct. These sets of rules require companies to receive customers’ agreement before they can collect any personal information.。