英语翻译
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Sludge disposal
Wastewater treatment processes generate significant quantities of sludge from suspended solids in the feed ,biomass generated by biological operations ,and precipitates from added chemicals .some common sludge disposal operations and their functions are listed in table 6.7. Selection of a treatment sequence for sludge depends upon the nature of the sludge ,environmental factors ,and ultimate disposal options.
污泥处置
污水处理过程中产生的大量污泥悬浮物的颗粒,引起生物质产生了生物操作,并从中添加化学物质使其沉淀。
一些常见的污泥处置操作及其功能如表6.7所示。
选择哪种治疗污泥方法取决于污泥的性质、环境因素、和最终处理的选择。
Concentration operations ,such as gravity or flotation thickeners ,increase the solids concentration and achieve a significant reduction in sludge volume .stabilization operations ,such as anaerobic digestion,convert sludges into a less offensive form in terms of odor ,degradability ,and pathogen content .
集中操作,如重力或浮选增稠剂,增加固体浓度,实现显著减少污泥体积。
稳定操作,如厌氧消化污泥转化为一种不进攻气味、降解性和病原体的内容。
In dewatering operations ,the water content of sludges is reduced to a level where they can be handled as damp solids .vacuum filtration ,centrifugation ,and sand beds are the most common dewatering methods .thermal processes ,such as heat drying and incineration ,are used to either dry the sludge or to oxidize its organic content .residual sludge and ash from sludge treatment processes must be disposed of in the ocean or on land .some of the option for ultimate disposal on land are landfill ,land reclamation ,and crop fertilization .
在脱水操作,污泥的含水量降低到一个水平,他们可以处理潮湿的固体。
真空过滤、离心和砂床是最常见的脱水方法。
热过程,如热干燥和焚烧,用于干燥污泥或氧化有机质含量。
剩余污泥和火山灰从污泥处理流程必须堆放在海洋或陆地上。
还有一些的最终处置是土地填埋、土地复垦、作物施肥。
Industrial wastes
Since industrial wastes have a broader range of characteristics than domestic wastes ,they are treated by a wider variety of processing schemes .industrial wastes are more likely to contain toxic and nonbiodegradable compounds that require physical-chemical instead of biological treatment .in some cases ,industrial wastes are discharged to a municipal plant directly or after limited pretreatment .in other cases ,they wastewater load in an industrial plant can ofter be reduced by recirculating slightly contaminated ,substituting less pollution chemicals or processes ,and recovering selected contaminants as by products or for reuse .
工业废物
由于工业废物比垃圾更广泛的范围的特点，它们是由多种处理方案处理。
工业废料更可能含有有毒和难降解化合物,需要物理化学的处理而不是生物处理。
在某些情况下，工业废弃物直接排放到市政植物或在有限的预处理。
在其他情况下,他们在一个工业废水里负荷植物经常可以减少循环轻微污染,少用污染化学品或流程,和恢复选择污染物作为产品或重用。
Design of a wastewater treatment process for industrial or domestic wastes depends upon many factors ,such as characteristics of the wastewater ,required effluent quality ,avaliability of land ,and options for sludge disposal. In addition to capital and operating costs ,stability ,reliability ,and flexibility are important considerations when selecting a process from the various alternatives .
用于工业或生活垃圾污水处理工艺的设计取决于许多因素，如废水的特点，要求污水水质的变化，土地，和污泥处置方案。
除了资本和运营成本，稳定性，可靠性和灵活性是重要的考虑因素，在选择过程中的各种替代方案。
