何谓转基因动植物(中英)翻译讲义
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讲义
07(英译汉)
_KELL Y
What Are Transgenic Plants and Animals?
何为转基因动植物? (“何谓”更佳)
1)
Transgenic plants and animals result from genetic engineering experiments in which genetic material is moved from one organism to another, so that the latter will exhibit a characteristic.
译文转基因动植物是基因工程实验的产物,在这种实验中,一个生物体的遗传物质被转移到另一生物体内,从而使后者能表现出前者的特性。
NOTE! 1.exhibit在此不可译作展现,展现强调视觉冲击,应译为体现)
2.characteristic.可译为特性或性状
2)
Business corporations, scientists, and farmers hope that transgenic techniques will allow more cost-effective and precise plants and animals with desirable characteristics that are not available using up to date breeding technology. Transgenic techniques allow genetic material to be transferred between completely unrelated organisms.
译文商业机构、科学家和农民都希望,这种技术能培育出更多成本效益高,合乎人们所愿的转基因动植物。
这正是当今最新的培育技术所无法实现的,而转基因技术就可以实现遗传物质在两种毫不相关的生物体之间转移。
NOTE! 1.Business corporations译为商界,不要译成商业企业或者公司
2.译文中的“而”,结合原文并无转折关系这一点,舍去此词。
3. Transfer,结合语境,译为转移,不可生译为“传输”
4.注意:原文中“动植物”前的定语很长,若直译其定语,则为“更多具价格优势(成本效益高),而且是最近的培育技术无法培育的恰随人愿的”,这样表达冗长,不便理解。
对此,可采用定语前后分配的方法,以便理解
3)
In order for a transgenic technique to work, the genetic engineer must first
construct a transgene, which is the gene to be introduce d plus a control sequence.
When making a transgene, scientists usually substitute the original promoter sequence with one that will be active in the correct tissues of the recipient plant or animal.
译文为使转基因技术发挥作用,基因工程师必须首先培育出含有控制序列的转基因,以便将其导入到受体细胞内。
在构造转基因序列时,他们通常会用活跃于受体动植物体内适当组织的有效启动子序列替代其原有启动子序列。
NOTE! 1.In order for a transgenic technique to work (理解原文)
“为使转基因技术发挥作用”,应该改译成“为了启用转基因技术”
2. 注意active 的译法,结合原文
3.注意原文中个别词的理解
比如:
a control sequence控制序列
recipient受体
correct tissues 在此结合原文,译为“恰当组织”,不能译成正确组织,会造成语意不通
4)
The creation of transgenic animals is one of the most dramatic advances derived from recombinant DNA technology. A transgenic animal results from insertion of a foreign gene into an embryo.
译文人们将外源基因导入到早期胚胎内,最后便可培育出转基因动物,它的成功构建正是DNA重组技术优越性的体现。
NOTE!注意insertion的译法,插入,导入,植入
5)
One of the most important applications of transgenic animals is the development of new animal models of human disease. Transgenic animals can serve as models for many malignant tumors.
译文转基因动物的一个最重要的应用就是用这种新动物模型的发展来研究人类疾病,它可以用作研究许多恶性肿瘤的模型。
NOTE!用“某种模型的发展来研究某疾病”,中文表述有问题
改为“开发培育出罹患人类疾病的新型动物,作为研究许多恶性肿瘤的模型”
6)
A plant breeder tries to assemble a combination of genes in a crop plant which will make it as useful and productive as possible.
译文一位植物育种家尝试对农作物进行基因重组,以使其尽可能增产。
NOTE! 1.此处a 表示泛指,直接译为植物育种家即可
2.尽可能增产,漏译了“useful”,改译为“尽可能多用途,高产出。
7)
Overall, the use of transgenic technology has many advantages over traditional methods. Transgenic breeding is said to be more specific, faster, and less costly. Right now research is limited to traits involving one or a few genes. Before scientists can manipulate complex traits, there is going to be the need for many years of research.译文总的来说,相较于使用传统方法,使用转基因技术更具优势。
可以说,转基因育种更具体,更快捷,更低廉。
不过,目前的研究颇受局限,仅涉及一个或几个基因性状。
因此,在科学家们能处理复杂的特性之前,他们还需长期对此进行研究。
NOTE!对manipulate complex traits译法
不要译为演绎复杂特性,可译为处理复杂特性,
最优翻译为驾轻就熟地调配
理由
manipulate 的定义是control in a skiful way,
即manipulate这一个词包含了两层语义,在翻译时应注意体现这点。