高一英语语法（2-3）：动词的时态之
一般将来时、过去将来时、将来完成时
一、一般将来时（will work）：一般将来时的5种表达方式。
1.“shall / will + V原”是将来时的最普通的表达方式，表示从现在来看以后要
发生的动作或存在的状态，指事物的固有属性或必然趋势。
如：We __________ (go) to ask Miss Chen for help. （shall和will表达一般将来时有何区别？）2.“am / is / are going to + V原”多用于口语中，表示“打算或计划要做某事”。
此外，还可以表示说话人根据已有的事实或迹象，对未来进行推断。
如：They __________ (meet) outside the school gate.（打算或计划要做某事）
（根据已有的迹象，对未来进行推断）3.“am / is / are about to + V原”表示“即将……”，它不与表示时间的副词或
时间状语连用。
如：The English evening __________ (start).
4.“am / is / are to + V原”表示“按计划、安排即将发生的动作”，还可以表示
“吩咐、命令、禁止”等，与表示时间的副词或时间状语连用。
如：
到10（命令）
5.“am / is / are due to +V原”表示“按计划或时间表将要发生某事”。
如：
The talk __________ (last) for five days. 会谈（按计划）将持续5天。
The race __________ (start) in ten minutes. （按时间表）还有10分钟比赛就该开始了。
现在进行时有时与某些表示瞬间动作的动词连用，可表示按计划、安排将要发生的动作。
常见动词有go, come, start, leave, stay, return, arrive, begin, take, meet等。
如：She __________ (leave) early tomorrow morning.
既定的时间如生日、日历、课时安排、交通时刻表的，通常用一般现在时表示将来动作。
常见动词有be, begin, come, go, leave, stop, end, arrive, open, stay, return等。
如：The train __________ (leave) at eight tomorrow from this station.
在时间或条件状语从句及even if, in case等引导的状语从句中，用现在时表
示将来。
(arrive) here.
二、过去将来时（would work）
1.表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。
这种时态常用于宾语
从句或间接引语。
如：他说他将在大门口等我。
2.过去将来时的其他表达方式与一般将来时一样，只是有关动词要改为过去式，
即①was / were going to + V原,②was / were about to + V原,③was / were to + V原,④was / were due to +V原。
如：You __________ going to give me
三、将来完成时（will have worked）
1.将来完成时是由“will / shall + have + done”构成，表示到将来某个时候为止，
某件事已经完成了，常与by, before构成的短语或引导的状语从句连用。
如：
2.表示到将来某一时刻持续多久的动作或状态，常与for引导的时间状语连用。
如：
四、be going to与will / shall的用法比较
1.be going to指当前已计划过或思考过的意图和打算，will / shall表示事先未
思考或计划过的意图。
如：
I __________ (see) him. 我打算明天去看他。
（计划过的打算）
I __________ (anwer) the door. 我去开门。
（未计划过的意图）
2.be going to可表示客观迹象表明马上要发生的事，而will则表明说话者的观
点、主观意识。
如：
（客观迹象表明）
（主观意识）
3.will / shall还可作情态动词，表示感情色彩。
（详见情态动词）如：__________
you __________ (come) this way, please?
五、表示过去将来时的其他情况
1.was / were going to do可表示过去的打算，也可表示没有实现的动作。
如：
（“举行运动会”
是未曾实现的过去的计划。
）
2.was / were to do既可指过去的计划，也可表示“后来的结果，注定”的含义。
如：
3.was / were about to do表示过去某时看来即将要发生的事。
如：I __________
* when的搭配
am / is / are about to do sth. when…正要……，这时（突然）……
was / were about to do sth. when sb. + did
am / is / are doing sth. when sb. + do / does正在……，这时（突然）……
was / were doing sth. when sb. + did
had done sth. when sb. + did刚做完……，这时（突然）……
4.was / were doing表示按计划安排过去将要发生的动作。
如：
Mr. Green
六、将来完成时的特殊情况
1.在时间或条件状语从句中，可以用现在完成时来表示将来完成的意义，也就
是用现在完成时代替将来完成时。
如：
Don’t get off until the bus __________ (stop). 车位停稳，请勿下车。
（两种填法，注意两种填法的区别）
If she __________ (not, go) to bed when you see her, tell her to give me a ring.
如果你见到她时她还没有睡觉的话，让她给我打个电话。
（两种填法，注意两
种填法的区别）
主将从现完、主祈从现完、主情从现完；
2.will have done还可表示说话人对某一将完成的动作或事态的推测或揣想，主
语主要用第二、三人称，带有明显的情态意义（详见情态动词）。
（表示对未来的推测）
七、时态的呼应
1. “时态的呼应”指在从句中，谓语动词的时态要受主句谓语动词的时态的制约，常见于宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中。
1）若主句的谓语动词为现在时态或将来时态，从句的谓语动词可以根据句
意而选用任何时态。
如：
2）若主句的谓语动词是过去时，从句要用表示过去的某个时态与之呼应。
也就是说，若从句动作和主句动作同时发生，从句的动作用__________或__________；如果从句动作先于主句动作发生，从句用__________；如果从句动作后于主句动作发生，从句则要用
__________。
如： 2. 时态的呼应并不发生在所有从句中，在状语从句和定语从句中可根据意义的需要来选用任何时态；当从句表示客观真理时，时态不受主句谓语动词时态的影响，而用一般现在时。
如：When I __________ (be) a primary school pupil, my teacher __________ (tell) me that the earth __________ (move) around the sun.
主语从句 名词性从句 表语从句 同位语从句
注：复合句 定语从句（关系代词、关系副词引导）
状语从句（连词引导）
EX.
Ⅰ. 用所给动词的适当形式填空。
1.I don’t know when Tom __________ tomorrow. (arrive)
2.He said that he __________ the work very soon. (finish)
3.Mr. Chen has saved some money. He __________ a TV set. (buy)
4.It is said that it __________ good weather tomorrow. (be)
5.Don’t worry. I __________ a close examination of you. (make)
6.Before long, he __________ all about the matter. (forget)
7.When Bill __________, ask him to wait for me. (come)
8.He was sixteen. In two years he __________ eighteen. (be)
9.Make sure that the windows are closed before you __________ the room.
(leave)
10.The time was not far off when he __________ this decision. (regret)
Ⅱ. 单项选择。
1.By the time he returns, the project probably __________ ahead of time.
A. will be finished
B. are finishing
C. have finished
D. will have been finished
2.I don’t know if my brother __________ tonight.
A. will return
B. is returning
C. has returned
D. returns
3.---Tomorrow __________ my birthday. I’d like you and Jane to come.
---I’m not sure if she __________ free.
A. will be; is
B. is going to; is
C. is; is
D. is; will be
4.---Uncle Wang is going to take a trip to America alone.
---But he __________ he __________ take me along.
A. promises; will
B. has promised; will
C. promised; would
D. had promised; would
5.---I’m sorry, but smoking is forbidden here.
---Sorry, I __________ again.
A. didn’t
B. don’t
C. won’t
D. haven’t
6.Don’t tell him about his mother’s illness until the examination __________.
A. has finished
B. will be finished
C. was finished
D. finished
7.The 1318-kilometer advanced high speed railway __________ by 2012.
A. will complete
B. is completed
C. has been completed
D. will have been completed
8.---Did you tell mother you had passed the exam?
---Oh, no, I forgot. I __________ her now.
A. will be calling
B. will call
C. am calling
D. am to call
9.The tourist asked the guide what he __________ visit the next day.
A. was going to
B. went to
C. is going to
D. goes to
10.Population experts predict that most people __________ in cities in the near
future.
A. live
B. would live
C. will live
D. have lived
11.It __________ long before we __________ the result of the experiment.
A. is; know
B. is; will know
C. will not be; know
D. will not be; will know
12.Great efforts to increase agricultural production must be made if food shortage
__________ avoided.
A. is to be
B. can be
C. has been
D. will be
13.---Joan was badly injured in the accident yeasterday and she was sent to hospital.
---Oh, really? I __________. I __________ visit her.
A. didn’t know; will go to
B. don’t know; will go to
C. didn’t know; am going to
D. haven’t known; am going to
14.---I’m sorry, but the boss isn’t here yet. Shall I have her call you when she comes
back?
---No, I'll call her back. If I call again in half an hour, do you think she __________?
A. arrive
B. has arrived
C. will arrive
D. will have arrived
15.I __________ my son __________ doctor, but he wasn’t good enough at science.
A. hoped; became
B. hoped; could become
C. had hoped; would turn
D. had hoped; would have become
16.Unfortunately, when I dropped in, Doctor Li __________ for Beijing to join the
fight against SARS, so we only had time for a few words.
A. just left
B. has just left
C. is just leaving
D. was just leaving
17.John and I __________ friends for eight years. We first got to know each other at
a Christmas party, but we __________ each other a couple of times before that.
A. had been; have met
B. have been; have met
C. had been; had met
D. have been; had met
18.---Could you take a message for Mr Green?
---Certainly. I __________ him about something else in any case, so it __________ any bother.
A. may see; isn’t
B. see; won't be
C. will see; is
D. will be seeing; won’t be
19.---Are you going to the movies tonight?
---Yes. By then I __________ my work.
A. finish
B. will be finishing
C. finished
D. will have finished
20.Look! It’s cloudy now, and I’m sure __________.
A. it will rain
B. it is going to rain
C. it is to rain
D. it is will be raining
Ⅲ. 单项选择。
1.---__________ leave at the end of this month.
---I don’t think you should do that until __________ another job.
A. I’m going to; you’d found
B. I’m going to; you’ve found
C. I’ll; you’ll find
D. I'll; you’d find
2.---Come on, Peter. I want to show you something.
---Oh, how nice of you! I __________ you __________ to bring me a gift.
A. never think; are going
B. never thought; were going
C. didn’t think; were going
D. hadn’t thought; were going
3.The conference__________ a full week by the time it ends.
A. must have lasted
B. will have lasted
C. would last
D. has lasted
4.It is reported that by the end of this month the output of cement in the factory
__________ by about 10%.
A. will have risen
B. would rise
C. will be rising
D. has been rising
5.I decided go to the library as soon as I __________.
A. finish what I did
B. finished what I did
C. would finish what I was doing
D. finished what I was doing
6.---May I speak to your manager Mr. Williams at five o’clock tonight?
---I’m sorry. Mr. Williams __________ to a conference long before then.
A. has gone
B. had gone
C. would have gone
D. will have gone
7.By the time you arrive in London, we __________ in Europe for two weeks.
A. shall stay
B. have stayed
C. will have stayed
D. have been staying
8.He __________ at the meeting, but his heart attack prevented him.
A. will speak
B. is going to speak
C. had to speak
D. was going to speak
9.Don’t bother to look for my dictionary --- it __________ some day.
A. turns up
B. has turned up
C. will turn up
D. is going to turn up
10.The train __________ at the present speed until it reaches the foot of the mountain
at about nine o’clock tonight.
A. went
B. is going
C. goes
D. will be going
11.---Look at the black clouds. It __________ soon.
---Sure. If only we __________ out.
A. is raining; didn’t come
B. is to rain; won’t start
C. will rain; haven’t started
D. is going to rain; hadn’t come
12.By this time next year he __________ from the college.
A. will be graduating
B. should be graduating
C. will have graduated
D. is graduating
13.I __________ in Guangzhou for six years by this October.
A. have lived
B. was living
C. will be living
D. shall have lived
14.They can’t leave until they __________ their work.
A. did
B. are doing
C. have done
D. has done
15.---The plane is leaving right now, but Jim hasn’t arrived yet.
---Well, he said he __________ here on time.
A. came
B. would come
C. can be
D. will be
16.As soon as the baby saw her mother, she __________.
A. was going to cry
B. cried
C. began to cry
D. was crying
17.Li Ming said he __________ happy if Brian __________ to China next month.
A. as; come
B. was; would come
C. would be; came
D. will be; come
18.---What did your son say in the letter?
---He told me that he __________ the Disney World the next day.
A. will visit
B. has visited
C. is going to visit
D. would visit
19.I hoped Tina __________ to my birthday party on time the next Wednesday.
A. to come
B. is coming
C. will come
D. was coming
20.We were not sure whether they __________ more vegetables.
A. are going to grow
B. were going to grow
C. will grow
D. have grown
21.She __________ to work when the telephone rang.
A. is going
B. will go
C. was about to go
D. is to go
22.When she graduates from the college this summer, she __________ here for five
years.
A. will study
B. will be studying
C. will have studied
D. studies
23.If the horse wins tomorrow, he __________ twenty races in the past three years.
A. will win
B. would win
C. will have won
D. has won
24.We work together for two years. He __________ me.
A. won’t have forgotten
B. had forgotten
C. have forgotten
D. will forget。
