人教版英语九年级18知识讲解

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2020年初三英语

Unit 13 We are trying to save the earth!

词句精讲精练

词汇精讲

1. advantage

advantage是名词,意为“优点;好处;有利条件 ”。例如:

This bicycle has many advantages. 这辆自行车有许多优点。

Studying English has many advantages. 学习英语有许多好处。

【拓展】

disadvantage是advantage的反义词,意为“缺点;弊端;不利条件”。例如:

When you visit France, it is a disadvantage if you cannot speak French.

当你访问法国时,如果你不会讲法语,那可是个不利条件。

2. instead of

instead of是介词短语,意为“代替,而不是”,后面可以跟与前面并列成分相应的名词、代词、动词-ing形式等作为介词宾语。例如:

He went to the cinema instead of going to school. 他去了电影院而不是学校。

【拓展】

(1) instead作副词,意为“代替,而不是”,常用作状语。例如:

He is tired. Let me go instead. 他累了,让我替他去吧。

She never studies. Instead, she plays tennis all day. 她从不学习,而是整天打网球。

(2)instead和instead of的辨析:

instead是副词,后面不接其他的词,一般情况下可不译出,通常放在句首或句末,在句首时常用逗号隔开,表示前面的事没做,而做了后面的事。例如:

He didn’t go to school. Instead, he went to the cinema. 他没有去学校,相反他去了电影院。

Instead of lending a hand, he laughed at us.他不仅没有帮我们一把,反而嘲笑我们。

3. cut off

cut off是固定搭配,意为“切除;切掉”。例如:

The slide cut off the valley from the rest of the world. 山崩切断了这个山谷与外界的联系。

【拓展】“动词 + off”构成的短语有:

take off 起飞,脱下 put off 推迟 turn off 关闭 get off 下车

fall off…从……掉下来 break off终止 pay off 付清

4. make a difference

make a difference意为“起作用,有影响”。例如:

The fact that I can now organize my own time makes a big difference.

现在我能自己安排时间了,这对我有很大的作用。

Whatever you can do can make a difference.

无论你能做什么,都会带来不同。

5. the number of

the number of意为“……的数量”,后接可数名词复数,谓语动词用单数形式。例如:

The number of people speaking Chinese is larger than that of those speaking English. 说汉语的人数要大于说英语的人数。

【拓展】

a number of 意为“许多”,后面接可数名词的复数形式,谓语动词用复数形式。number前面可以用large,great,small等修饰,构成a large number of; a small number of等。例如: 2020年初三英语

I have a number of letters to write. 我有许多信件要写。

A large number of students in our school are from the countryside. 我们学校许多学生来自农村。

A small number of students in our class went swimming yesterday.

昨天我们班一小部分学生去游泳了。

6. although

although的意思相当于though,意为“尽管,虽然”,用来引导让步状语从句。它所引导的从句不能与并列连词but; and; so等连用,但可以和yet; still等词连用。例如:

Although he lives alone, he doesn’t feel lonely.= He lives alone, but he doesn’t feel lonely.

虽然他一个人住,但他并不感到孤独。

There is air all around us, although we cannot see it.

虽然我们看不见空气,但空气却存在于我们的周围。

【拓展】although与though的辨析:

(1) 用作连词,表示“虽然”,二者可以互换使用,但although比though更为正式。例如:

Though/Although it was raining, we still went there. 虽然下着雨,但我们还是去了那里。

(2) although一般不用作副词,而though可用作副词,且一般放在句末(不放在句首),意为“可是,不过”。例如:

It’s hard work; I enjoy it, though. 工作很辛苦,可是我很喜欢。

We all tried our best. We lost the game, though. 我们都尽力最大努力,但我们还是输了。

(3) 在as though(好像,仿佛),even though(即使,纵然)等固定短语中不能用although。例如:

He talks as though he knew everything. 他夸夸其谈,好像无所不知。

7. take part in

take part in意为“参加”,常指参加群众性的活动、会议、劳动、游行等,往往指参加者持有积极的态度,起一定作用。take part in之后接名词或动名词。例如:

I didn’t take part in the sports meeting yesterday because I was ill.

我没有参加昨天的运动会,因为我病了。

Everyone can take part in gardening. 每个人都可以参加到园艺活动中来。

【拓展】join是动词,意为“加入”。指加入某一党派、组织或社会团体,以及参军等,并成为其中一员。其后常出现club, army, team, group以及人称代词宾格等。例如:

join the swimming club 参加游泳俱乐部

join the army 参军 join us 加入到我们的行列

8. afford

afford常用作及物动词,意为“买(经受)得起……;给予,提供”,其后常接名词、代词或动词不定式作宾语,afford后还可接双宾语。

This kind of computer is too expensive and I can't afford it.这种电脑太贵了,我买不起。

At last I can afford a watch.我终于买得起一只手表了。

I could not afford so much money for a bicycle.我出不起那么多钱买一辆自行车。

I'll afford you a chance.我将给你提供一个机会。

词汇精练

I. 英汉互译。

1. make a difference ______________ 2. cut off ______________ 3. lead to______________

4. be full of ______________ 5. take part in______________ 6. 关闭______________

7. hear of ______________ 8. 扔掉______________ 9. 对……有害______________

10. be made of ______________ 2020年初三英语

II. 根据句意及首字母和汉语提示写出所缺单词。

1. I have a simple and easy m___________ to solve the problem.

2. We shouldn’t be ___________ (残忍的) to animals.

3. It’s h___________ to your health to drink too much.

4. The city is the ___________ (工业) center of the country.

5. The car is too expensive, I can’t a___________ it.

6. Don’t throw ___________ (垃圾) everywhere.

7. In winter, many people burn c___________ to keep warm.

8. The police found a body at the ___________ (底部) of the lake.

9. The ___________ (费用) of living in big cities is very high.

10. He keeps a rabbit in a big ___________ (木制的) box.

III. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。

1. The old man used ___________ (be) a teacher.

2. We should ___________ (clean) the room every day.

3. Look! Tom ___________ (sleep) in his room.

4. Lots of trees ___________ (plant) on the hill every year.

5. He ___________ (live) here for 20 years.