英美国家概况答案英美国家概况答案【篇一：英语国家概况-谢福之-课后答案-简答题(美国部分)】er 81. how is the american population distributed?the distribution of the american population is rather uneven the most densely populated region is the northeastern part of the country. the great plains have a comparatively small population .the south also has a population of almost57.5million. the west is not densely populated ,except for some metropolitan centers like los angeles and san francisco . it has about 20% of the nation’s population.2. why was the immigration act of 1942 instituted ?the new immigrants in the united states , being poor and accustomed to poverty , were willing to work for very low wages .this made other workers afraid that the immigrants would ls and take jobs away from them . this opposition led to the immigration act of 1942.chapter 91. why did american change its policy and enter world war ii? because of the formation of the axis , the american government feared that the axis countries were wining the war and it might threaten america’s security and interests . it began to provide war equipment to the foreign nations resisting the aggression of the axis power . the japanese air raid on pearl harbor became the direct cause for america’s entrance into the war.2. what were nixon’s well-known contributions during his presidency?a) brought the vietnam war to a closeb)reestablishing u.s. relations with chinac) negotiating the firststrategic arms limitation treaty with the former soviet union .3. what were the contents of reagan’s economic program? reagan’s economic program called for reductions in income taxes and business taxes in order to encourage investment , and it also requested that many government regulations be eliminated so as to reduce the federal government’s role in the day-to-day operation of business.chapter 101. what are the two characteristics of the u.s. constitution? one is “checks and balances”, the other is that the power of the central government and the powers of state governments are specified.2. what are the qualifications for a senator and a representative respectively?a senator must be over 30 years old , a u.s. citizen for at least nine years, and a resident in the state which they represent . a representative should be at least 25 years old and a u.s. citizen for no less than seven years.3. what are the major powers of the supreme court?a) to interpret lawsb) to hear appeals from any federal court cases;c) to hear appeals from state court cases that involve the constitution or national lawsd) may declare a law unconstitutionale) may declare a presidential act unconstitutional.4. what is the difference between the democrats and the republicans in terms of political opinions?the democrats want the government to play an important role in the economy and emphasize full employment as a matter of national concern they favor civil rights laws , a strong social security system which gives enterprises a greater freedom and demand that the government control inflation. they stress the need for law and order, and oppose complete government social programs and free choice of abortion they also favor a strong military posture and assertive stand in international relations.chapter 111. what industry developments took place during the colonial period of america?during the colonial period ,the secondary industries developed as the colonies grew . a variety of specialized sawmills and gristmills appeared. colonists established shipyards to build fishing fleets and trading vessels . they alsobuilt small iron forges . by the 18th century , regional patterns of development in america had become clear.2. how did the civil war affect the american economy?after the civil war , the large southern cotton plantations became much less profitable . northern industries , which had expanded rapidly because of the demands of the war ,surged ahead.3. why does america try to reduce trade barriers?because the united states has increasingly realized that open bilateral trade will not only advance its own economic interests, but also enhance domestic stability and its peaceful relationship with other nations.chapter 121. how does an american university choose its applicants?a)their high school records;b) recommendations from their high school teachers;c) the impression they make during interviews at the university;d) their scores on the sat.2. what functions do american higher education institutions perform?higher education institutions in the united states have three functions: teaching , research and public service , and each has its own emphasis with regard to its function .3. what similarities do four famous university share?they all have a long history , they all have an excellent faculty , a large number of students and have made extensive academic achievements. some of their graduates are very successful or influential in some areas such as politics, arts and business.4. what are the origins of thanksgiving day?thanksgiving is associated with the time when europeans first came to the new world , in 1620,the mayflower arrived and brought about 150 pilgrims. life at the beginning was very hard and there was not enough food , so many of them died. during the following summer the native america helped them and then they had a bountiful harvest. so they held a big celebration to thank god and the native americans.第四大题chapter 81．why is the united states regarded as a”melting pot” anda ”salad bowl” ?the united states is not merely a nation,but a nation of nations.the immigrants came in waves,including the europeans,the africans and the asians.therefore,america isdescribed as amelting potwhere various racial and ethnic groups are assimilate into american culture.recently,america has been called asalad bowlin that people of difference races and ethnic groups mix harmoniously,but at the same time keep their distinct culture and customs.2． what do you think is the best way to help assimilation in a multicultural society?the best possible way to help assimilation in a multicultural society is to be open and tolerant toward differentcultures.people from different racial and ethnic backgrounds should respect each other.society should create opportunities to help immigrants become assimilated.at the same time the immigrants should keep their own language,customs and religion,contributing to the diversity of a multicultural society. chapter 91. what was the cause of the american civil war?the southern planters of america needed a large number of black african slaves to manage their plantations and they regarded the slaves as their property.in the north,with the development of industry,there was a growing demand for free labor.what’s more,t he northerners demanded a law to protect tariffs and asked the government to finance the building of railways and roads.but the southerners were against it and advocated free trade so as to purchase cheaper goods from foreign countries.the accumulating conflicts led to the division of the north and the south and finally the american civil war.2. what made the united states a powerful country by the end of world war ii?during the two world wars,america remained neutral in the early stage.however, americans continued their profitable tradewith the warring countries.therefore,they not only retained their military forces,but also accumulated great wealth.when america entered the wars,it was almost at the end of the wars.by sharing the fruit of victory with other allies,america greatly strengthened its power and became a powerful country by the end of world war ii.chapter 101. how is the american president voted into office? what are your ideas about the american election?each party holds its national convention every four years to choose a candidate for presidency.to win a presidential election,a candidate has to spend millions of dollars,travel all over the country to make speeches and debate on television with the rival.the general election is technically divided into two stages.during the first stage,presidential electors for each state will be chosen.in the second stage the electors meet and vote a president.since the second stage is only a kind offormality,everyone knows who will be the next president an soon as the first stage is over.i think the candidates spend too much money on the electoral campaigns.and, the election cannot solve the social and economic problems of the u.s. as some candidates do not keep their word after they become president.2. what was president eisenhowers foreign policy and what were the consequences ?president eisenhower made vigorous efforts to wage the cold war.he placed new emphasis on developing nuclear strength to prevent the outbreak of war.he also frequently authorized thecia to undertake secret interventions to overthrow unfriendly governments or protect reliable anti-communist leaders whose power was threatened.the cia helped topple the governments of iran and guatemala,but it suffered an embarrassing failure in indonesia.in addition,eisenhower used u.s.power and prestige to help create a non-communist government in south vietnam,which brought disastrous long-term consequences to the united states.chapter 111. how did the u.s constitution lay the groundwork for american’s economic development ?the u.s.constitution,as an economic charter,established that the entire nation was a unified or commonmarket.there were no tariffs or taxes on interstate commerce.it provided that the federal government could regulate commerce with foreign nations and among the states,establish uniform bankruptcy laws,create money and regulate its value,fix standards of weights and measures,establish post office and roads,and fix rules governing patents and copyrights.the last-mentioned clause was an early recognition of the importance of intellectual property,a matter that began assuming great importance in trade negotiations since the late 20thcentury.2. cite examples to illustrate the role of government intervention in americas economic development.the government has always played an active and important role in america’s economic development.in the early 1930s,thr united states suffered the worst economic depression in american history.president roosevelt introduced the new deal to tackle the financial crisis.besides,he set up the new york stateemergency relief commission to help those in desperate need and tried to relieve the serious problems of the jobless.at the end of 1970s, the american economy again suffered a recession.the reagan administration combated inflation by controlling government spending deficit,cutting taxes and raising interest rates.both policies mentioned above helped to set the country’s economic development on its right course,in all,the intervention of the government has ensured that economic opportunities are fair and accessible to the people.it has prevented flagrant abuses of the system,dampened the effects of inflation and stimulated economic growth.chapter 121. what are the ideals that guide the american educational system?the first ideal is that as many people as possible should receive as much education as possible .the second ideal is that of ptoducing a society that is totally literate and of local control . the third ideal is that scholars and students should work to discover new information or conceive new ways to understand what is already known .2. how does america carry out multicultural education?american schools routinely teach the experiences and values of many ethnic cultures.current textbooks incorporate a variety of ethnic individuals who have achieved success.struggle for equality are vividly depicted,and past racism is bluntly acknowledged.cultural pluralism is now generally recognized as the organizing principle of education.schools at all levels offer students opportunities to learn about different cultures.【篇二：2016年春《英美国家概况》在线作业及答案】the usschool systems, which of the following divisions is true?a.elementary school, grammar school.b.elementary school, junior high school.c.elementary school, secondary school.d.junior high school, senior high school. 您的答案：c题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.02．第2题to get a bachelor’s degree, an american undergraduatestudent is required to do the following except ____.a.attending lectures and complete assignmentsb.passing examinationsc.taking certain subjects such as history, language and philosophyd.earning a certain number of credits at the end of the four years at college您的答案：c题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.03．第3题which of the following is not guaranteed in the bill of rights?a.the freedom of religion.b.the freedom of searching a person’s home by police.c.the freedom of speech and of the press.d.the right to own weapons if one wishes. 您的答案：b题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.04．第4题the reason why many american young people were involved in the social movements of the 1960s wasthat ____.a.they resented traditional white male values in us society.b.they love america so much.c.they thought they knew better than their teachers.d.they viewed the adult world with grave doubt. 您的答案：a题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.05．第5题which of the following institutions isresponsible for the making of the internet?a.the us military.b.the us entertainment industry.c.the us film industry.d.the us education sector.您的答案：a题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.06．第6题which of the following is not a power of the president?a.the president can veto any bill passed by congress.b.the president has the authority to appoint federal judges when vacancies occur.c.the president can make laws.d.the president has broad powers, with the executive branch, to issue regulations and directives regarding the work of the federal departments.您的答案：c题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.07．第7题if a student wants to go to university in britain, he will take the examination called ____.a.general certificate of education – advanced.b.general certificate of secondary education.c.the common entrance examination.d.general national vocational qualifications. 您的答案：a题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.08．第8题where are international tennis championships held in the uk?a.wembley.b.wimbledonc.london.d.edinburgh您的答案：b题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.09．第9题a free press is considered very important to the functioning of parliamentary democracy because _____.a.it plays a watchdog function, keeping an eye on the government.b.it informs people of current affairs in the world.c.it provides people with subjective reports.d.it publishes short pamphlets for parliament. 您的答案：b题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.010．第10题which city is the capital in scotland?a.cardiffb.edinburghc.glasgowd.manchester您的答案：b题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.011．第11题how many counties are there in northern ireland?a.26b.6c.32d.20您的答案：b题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.012．第12题when did scotland join the union by agreement of the english and scottish parliaments?a.in 1715b.in 1688c.in 1745d.in 1707您的答案：d题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.013．第13题what happened in 1215?a.it was the year of norman conquest in british history.b.forced by barons, king john signed the magna carta.c.hey iv granted the commons the power to review moneygrants.d.king egbert united england under his rule. 您的答案：b题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.014．第14题which of the following is not a true description of the queen’s role?a.the queen selects the prime minister and the cabinet.b.the queen symbolises the tradition and unity of the british state.c.the queen acts as a confidante to the primeminister.d.the queen is the temporal head of the church of england.您的答案：a题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.015．第15题which of the following sports was not invented in britain?a.football.b.tennis.c.basketballd.cricket.您的答案：c题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.016．第16题easter commemorates ____.a.the birth of jesus christ.b.the crucifixion of jesus christ.c.the coming of spring.d.the crucifixion and resurrection of jesus christ.您的答案：d题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.017．第17题in the examination called “the 11 plus”, students with academic potential go to ____.a.grammar schools.c.public schools.d.technical schools.您的答案：a题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.018．第18题which of the following description about the【篇三：英语国家概况英国--课后问答题[1]】ass=txt>chapter 1questions for thought:1. what was the british empire? what do you know about it? in what way is the ―empire‖ still felt in britainand in the international field? key points:3. a system of monarchy was observed still on today’s britain, which went through the history. the queen is still the head of the commonwealth.4. the ―empire‖ still can be felt in the following ways:a. there are still close relationships between the uk and the fifty or more countries which used to be its former colonies, and which maintain links through a loose organization called the commonwealth of nations.b. it became one member of the european union since 1973.c. the effect also lies in the makeup of the british population itself. newly immigrants mainly came from the former colonies, specially from india and caribbean area.d. today the monarchrepresents the country in many occasions. e. class exists and lords and peers are obvious evident of the imperial past.2. why does the author say that it is not possible to sum up the british people with a few simple phrases? key points: reasons: 1. regional differences---england, scotland, wales, northern ireland 2. racial differences3. class differences4. cultural differences---highland vs lowland5. religious differences---protestants vs catholics (main in northern ireland) 3. ―british history has been a history of invasion‖. please illustrate this point with the examples from the text.how did each of the invasions influence english culture? key points:4. what are some general characteristics of scotland? how did scotland become part of the union of greatbritain? key points:1. the celts originally lived on scotland, they kept their own culture and language—the gealic.2. around the ad 6th c, people from northern ireland invaded the south-west --- the lowland zone. they were called scots and gave the modern country of scotland its name.3. the scottish people have a strong sense of nationality and desire for cultural independence. they observed some old customs and tradition, like the highland tradition. today, bagpipe, and tartan are considered as the souvenir of the scottish history.4. the division between highland and lowland scotland remains a cultural divide today, in much the same way as northand south england see themselves as different from each other.5. scotland has a great tradition of innovation in the arts, philosophy and science.robert louis stevenson’s famous novel dr jekyll and mr hyde 《吉基尔医生与海德先生》shows that: scotland was superficially fully integrated into the uk, but concealed beneath this is a still-strong scottish identity. union with england in 17071. in 1603, queen elizabeth i of england died. james the 6th of scotland took the throne, called james the first of england; uniting the two thrones2. scotland maintained its separate political identity.3. in 1707, scotland joined the union by agreement of the english and scottish parliaments4. scotland sends 72 representatives to the london parliament.5. describe characteristics of wales and wales’ unification with great britain. characteristics:1.capital: cardiff, on the south coast2.rich coal deposits3.attract foreign investment from japan and u.s, etc. -- new industries to replace coal and steel4.smallest on the british mainland; close to central england; hilly and rugged5.retains a powerful sense of difference from england6.retains its own language; 19% population speaking gaelic unification with great britainacknowledge him as prince of wales by a military campaign, and unified wales as an independent nation. 2.1282, he was killed. the english king edward i named his son the prince of wales, trying to bring wales into the british nation.6. are there any differences between england, scotland and wales in terms of cultural tradition?chapter 2 northern ireland questions for thought:1. why is northern ireland so significant in the uk? what is the political problem there? keys:1. it is significant because of the political troubles there.2. the political troubleoriginal inhabitants were mainly descents of celts; they believed in catholics. the immigrants from scotland and north england in the 17th c, sent by the english king for the sake of better control over ireland, were mainly protestants. their arrival aroused local people’s hostility. they were pressured.in 1921 the ireland got independence while in northern ireland, the majority was protestant and loyalists to the british government, wanted to be separated from the rest parts of ireland.now in northern ireland, the minority—the catholics found it difficult for them to find job. the conflicts between protestants and catholics got increased.to protect the local catholics, the british soldiers stationed northern ireland in 1969, which later accelerated the conflicts between the local people and the british government.2. what are some of the factors in irish and english history that affect the situation in northern ireland today? keys:1. racial,2. religious3. immigration in 17th c.4. the british solders’ station in 1969chapter 3 the government of the united kingdom questions for thought:1. what are some of the characteristics of the british constitutional monarchy? how has the english monarchy evolved gradually to the present constitutional monarchy? 1. the oldest institution of government2. king egbert (埃格伯特国王): the ancestor of the present queen elizabeth ii. united england under his rule in 829.3. divine right of kings (君权神授)---the ancient doctrine held that the sovereign derived his authority from god, not from his subjects. this was used by the kings as an excuse for abusing power. and the dispute over the power of the king and the parliament led to the civil war.4. the civil war set the rights of the parliament. the monarch was kept but his power was limited. the constitution was set up to guarantee rights of people. monarch became a symbol of the country.2. how did the doctrin e of the ―divine right of kings‖, according to the author, lead to the english civil war?what do you know about the causes of the english revolution in the 17th century?king james i believed the divine right of kings, so did his descent---charles i. charles i called his t parliament only when he needed to collect money.the civil war was caused by a dispute over the power of the king against parliament in the 17th c. therepublican ―roundheads‖, led by oliver cromwell, wanted to abolish the monarchy and to reassert the rights of parliament. in 1642, the royalists were defeated and king charles i was executed in 1649.the english civil war not only overthrew feudal in england but also shook the foundation of the feudal rule in europe. it isgenerally regarded as the beginning of modern world history. the civil war was in essence a capitalist revolution because capitalism paved its way of development after the war.3. what is the history of english parliament? what role did the parliament play in the civil war?in medieval times, a group of leading, wealthy barons who were summoned by the king several times a year to give the king some extra money. this was the great council. by the 13th c., representatives of counties, towns and cities were also included in order to raise more money. this was the beginning of what we know as parliament today.in the civil war, the parliament was opposite to the monarchy in their dispute over the power. the republican ―roundheads‖, led by oliver cromwell, wanted to abolish the monarchy and to reassert the rights of parliament.4. discuss the major characteristics and the main content of the british constitution.britain, like israel, has no written constitution. the foundations of the british state are laid out in statute law(成文法), which are laws passed by parliament; the common laws(普通法,判例法), which are laws established through common practice in the courts; and conventions(习惯法), which are rules and practices not existing legally, but regarded as vital to the workings of government.5. why the parliament is supreme in the british sate? what function does parliament have? what role does the queen and the prime minister play in british government?parliament is supreme in the british state because it alone had the power to change the terms of the constitution. there are no legal restraints upon parliament. it can make or change laws,functions: 1) passes laws2) provides the means of carrying on the work of government by voting for taxation3) scrutinize government policy, administration and expenditure and to debate the major issues of the day. the roles of the queen/king1.symbolize the tradition and unity of the british state2.legally head of the executive, (行政部)3.an integral part of the legislature(立法机关)4.head of the judiciary(司法部)2. set standards of good citizenship and family life3. a confidante(知己的女友) to the prime minister, offering valuable observations on the running of government role of the prime ministerking george i was ―imported‖ from germany in 1714 and was not interested in politics, so he left the job of chairing cabinet meetings to one of his cabinet ministers, called the prime minister. later in 1832, elections replaced appointment. the party with the most supporters in the commons forms the government and the leader of that party becomes prime minister.today prime minister and his cabinet compose of the entity of the government.6. what kind of institution is the house of lords? what role does it play in british government?it’s one house of the parliament, but the power of making law and collecting taxes mainly resides on the house of commons. the house of lords consists of the lords spiritual(上议院的神职议员), who are the archbishops and most prominent bishops of the church of england; and the lords temporal(上议院的世俗议员), which refers to those lords who either have inherited the seatfrom their forefathers(called hereditary peers) or they have been appointed(by the sovereign, at the suggestion of the prime minister and were called life peers(终身贵族). the lords mainly represent themselves instead of the interests of the public chapter 4 politics questions for thought:1. who can stand for election as an mp in the uk? why are small parties and independent candidates powerless in the election campaign for the formation of a government?anyone who is eligible to vote can stand as an mp. it is necessary only to make a deposit of 500 pounds which is lost if the candidate does not receive at least 5% of the vote.because even they were to win the seat they would be powerless in parliament against the big parties’ representatives (p54, para1)2. what are three big parties in the uk? what are some of the similarities and dissimilarities between the threeparties?they are the labor party, the conservative party and the liberal democratic party.the labour party--- one of the 2 biggest parties in the uk. it is also the newest party, created by the trade union movement at the end of the 19th century. it is a socialist party, believing that a society should be relatively equal in economic terms, and that the government should redistribute the wealth between the rich and the poor. it also thinks that the government should provide a range of public services for all the people.the conservative party --- one of the 2 biggest parties in the uk. it is basically the party of the individual, protecting the individual’ s right to acquire wealth and to spend i t as he/she wants. it advocates economic policies which are favourable to。
