1Electric Field Effect in Atomically Thin Carbon Films
K.S. Novoselov1, A.K. Geim1, S.V. Morozov2, D. Jiang1, Y. Zhang1, S.V. Dubonos2, I.V.Grigorieva1, A.A. Firsov2
1Department of Physics, University of Manchester, M13 9PL, Manchester, UK
2Institute for Microelectronics Technology, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia
We describe monocrystalline graphitic films, which are just a few atoms thick but nonetheless stable
under ambient conditions, metallic and of remarkably high quality. The films are found to be a two-
dimensional semimetal with a tiny overlap between valence and conductance bands and to exhibit a strong
ambipolar electric-field effect such that electrons and holes in concentrations up to 1013cm-2 and with room-
temperature mobilities ≈10,000 cm2/Vs can be induced by applying gate voltage.
One-sentence summary: We report a naturally-occurring two-dimensional material – graphene that can be viewed as a
Glossary of Motor Terms
AC ( Alternating Current ) :
The commonly available electric power supplied by an
AC generator and is distributed in single or three phase
forms. AC current changes its direction of the flow
(cycles).
Ac Motors:
A motor (see motor definition) operating on a-c current
that flows in either direction (AC current) there are two
general types: induction, and synchronous.
Active Iron:
The amount of steel (iron) in the stator and rotor of a
motor. Usually the amount of active iron is increased or
decreased by lengthening or shortening the rotor and
stator (they are generally the same length) .
Air Gap:
The space between the rotating (rotor) and stationary
stator member in an electric motor.
Air Pressure Switch:
Used on motors with blowers to measure the difference
in pressure across the filter so as to detect a clogged
源-于-网-络-收-集 ====Word 行业资料分享--可编辑版本--双击可删====
load test and short-circuit test 负载试验(短路试验)
plugging 反接制动与反向
intermittent periodic duty 反复短时工作制
feedback control 反馈控制
feedback loop 反馈回路
luminous intensity 发光强度
distributed capacitance 分布电容
split phase motor 分相电动机
fractional horsepower motor 分马力电动机
nonlinear control system 非线性控制系统
nonlinear (circuit) element 非线性(电路)元件
nonlinearity 非线性
second class load 二级负荷
rated condition 额定工况
rated value 额定值
short-time duty 短时工作制
short circuit current 短路电流
short circuit 短路
series resonance 串联谐振
transducer 传感器(变换器)
magnetic core 磁心
magnetization curve 磁化曲线
magnetic field 磁场
magnetic field strength 磁场强度
magnetic saturation 磁饱和
magnetic hysteresis loop 磁滞回线
magnetic flux 磁通量
magnetic flux density 磁通密度
superconductor 超导体
Complex industrial problems require solutions that span a multitude of physical phenomena, which often can only be solved using simulation techniques that cross several engineering disciplines. This has significant consequences for the computer-aided engineering (CAE) engineer. In the simplest case, he or she may expect the solution to be based on a weakly-coupled scenario in which two or more solvers are chained. The first one provides results to be used as data by the next one, with some iterations to be performed manually until convergence is reached. But unfortunately, many physical problems are more complex! In that case, a complex algorithmic basis and fully integrated and coupled resolution schemes are required to achieve convergence (the moment at which all equations related to the different physics are satisfied).Simcenter™ 3D software offers products for multiphys-ics simulation and covers both weak and strong cou-pling. The capabilities concern thermal flow, thermome-chanical, fluid structure, vibro-acoustics, aero-vibro-acoustics, aero-acoustics, electromagnetic
