2017高中英语 语法考点一遍过 第3辑 专题十五 定语从句

专题十五定语从句考点一关系词的用法有些在语言学习上很有成就的人，在其他领域常常一无所成。

☞I have many friends to whom I’m going to send post cards.我有很多打算寄贺卡给他们的朋友。

☞Children who are not active or whose diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly. 很少进行体育锻炼或饮食富含脂肪的孩子体重会增加很快。

☞He will tell you everything that he heard about it.他将告诉你他所听到的关于这件事的一切。

☞This is the factory (which/that) we visited last year.这就是我们去年参观的那家工厂。

☞As we know, smoking is harmful to one’s health.众所周知，吸烟有害健康。

☞There are occasions when (＝on which) one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。

☞Beijing is the place where (＝in which) I was born.北京是我的出生地。

☞Is this the reason why (＝for which) he refused our offer？这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？Among the many dangers__________ sailors have to face, probably the greatest of all is fog.A. whichB. whatC. whereD. when【参考答案】A【试题解析】分析句子结构可知，________sailors have to face 是定语从句，修饰先行词the many dangers，且从句缺少宾语，要用关系代词。

因此A选项正确。

句意为＂在水手不得不面对的许多危险中，可能最大的是雾霾。

＂考点二that、 which只能用其中一个的情况1. 只能用that，不能用which作先行词的情况（1）先行词是all，something，everything，anything，nothing，little，much，few 等不定代词或先行词被all，any，every，no，little，much，some等词修饰。

☞All the people that come from the country work much harder.所有来自农村的人工作都更努力得多。

（2）先行词被序数词、形容词最高级、 the only， the very， the last等修饰时，关系代词通常只用that，不用which.如：☞The first English novel that I read was Cities.我读的第一本英文小说是《城市》。

☞This is one of the most exciting football games that I have ever seen.这是我见过的最激动人心的足球比赛之一。

☞This is the only thing that we can do now.这是我们现在惟一能做的事情。

（3）先行词既有人又有物时，关系代词只用that，不用which.如：☞The scientist and his achievements that you told me about are admired by us all. 我们所有人都钦佩你告诉我的那位科学家和他所取得的成就。

☞The foreign visitors spoke highly of the pioneers and their performances that they saw at the Children’s Palace. 外国游客高度赞扬了他们在少年宫所看到的少先队员以及他们的表演。

（4）关系代词在限定性定语从句中作表语并带有类比含义时，通常只用that，不用which.如：☞He is no longer the star that he was.他不再是过去的那位明星了。

☞Our school is no longer the school that it used to be.我们的学校不再是以前的那所学校了。

（5）句中其他位置已出现which，为避免重复，不用which而用that引导限定性定语从句。

如：☞Which is the car that has overtaken us？超过我们的是哪辆车？2. 只用which，不能用that作先行词的情况（1）在介词提前到关系代词之前形成“介词＋关系代词”结构来修饰表事物的先行词时，关系代词必须用which.如：☞The house in which we live is very large. 我们住的房子非常大。

☞This is the reference book of which the teacher is speaking.这就是老师正在谈及的那本参考书。

注意：如果介词不放在修饰事物的限定性定语从句的句首， which就可换为that，如：☞This is the question which/that we’ve had so much discussion about. =This is the question about which we’ve had so much discussion. 这就是我们已经多次讨论过的问题。

（2）先行词为“those＋表事物的复数名词”时，关系代词通常只用which而不用that.例如：☞Students should keep in mind those regulations which restrict their behavior. 学生应牢记那些规范自己的行为准则。

☞A bookshop should deal with a variety of those best sellers which are newly published.书店应该经营新出版的各种畅销书。

考点三关系副词引导的定语从句1.关系副词when，where，why的先行词是表示时间、地点或原因(一般为reason)的名词，在从句中作状语。

有时可用＂介词＋which＂结构替换。

☞I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.我还记得我第一次来北京的那天。

2.当定语从句中缺少主语或宾语时，即使先行词是表示时间、地点和原因的词仍用which/that。

☞Is this the reason (that) he explained for his rudeness at the meeting?这是他在会议上解释的无礼的原因吗？3.当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词，如：point，situation，case，stage等，如果引导词在从句中作状语，常用关系副词where引导定语从句；如果不作状语，则用关系代词that/which。

☞The media can often help solve problems and draw attention to situations wherehelp is needed.媒体经常能够帮助解决问题，把注意力吸引到需要帮助的情况。

（2016·天津卷）We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, the weather may be better.A. thatB. whereC. whichD. when【参考答案】D【试题解析】句意：我们将把公园的野餐推迟到下个星期，那时天气可能会更好。

这是一个定语从句，先行词是next week，定语从句缺少时间状语，所以用关系副词when引导。

故选D。

考点四＂介词＋关系词＂引导的定语从句该结构中介词的选用1.一般来说，确定关系代词前的介词，可以从以下三方面入手：①先行词的意义；②从句中的动词或形容词与先行词的固定搭配；③句子的意思。

☞I’ll never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country.我永远不会忘记孩童时代我在乡村度过的时光。

2.表示＂整体和部分关系＂，介词常用of。

在some，any，few，none，all，both，neither，most，each等代词或数词的前、后可以用of which/whom。

☞John invited about 40 people to his wedding，most of whom are family members.约翰邀请了大约40人参加他的婚礼，他们当中绝大部分是家庭成员。

3.有时＂介词＋where＂可以引导定语从句，此时要和＂介词＋which＂引导的定语从句从意思上加以区别。

☞His head soon appeared out of the window，from where he saw nothing but trees.他的头很快从窗口探了出来，从那里除了树木他什么也看不到。

(from where相当于from outof the window，而不是from the window)（2016 •江苏）Many young people, most ______were well-educated, headed for remoteregions to chase their dreams.A. of whichB. of themC. of whomD. of those【参考答案】C【试题解析】考查定语从句。

本题定语从句的先行词是Many young people，关系代词whom 指代先行词，在定语从句中作介词of的宾语。

句意：很多年轻人都前往偏远地区追求它们的梦想，其中大部分人都受过良好教育。

故C项正确。

考点五as，which引导的定语从句1.as作关系代词用来引导非限制性定语从句，意为＂正如，正像＂，as引导的句子可放在句首、句末或句中。

☞As everybody knows，China is a developing country.众所周知，中国是一个发展中国家。

2.which引导定语从句代指前面整句话内容则只能位于句末，意为＂这，这一点＂。