Semantics

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6.3 Complementary antonymy


The members of a pair complementary to each other. They divide the whole of a semantic field completely. The assertion of one means the denial of the other and the denial of one means the assertion of the other. There is no intermediate ground between the two. Distinction between gradable and complementary contrary and contradictory
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3.2 Connotative meaning



the emotional association which a word or a phrase suggests in one’s mind. It is the supplementary value added to the purely denotative meaning of a word. Mother a female parent connotes love, care and tenderness. Dogs have different connotative meaning between Chinese and English.
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3.7 Thematic meaning

determined by the order of the words and the different prominence they each receive.

3. The meaning of meaning
C. K. Ogden & I. A. Richards (1923). The Meaning of Meaning.John means to write.A green light means to go.Health means everything.His look was full of meaning.What is the meaning of life?What does ‘capitalist’ mean to you?What does ‘cornea’ mean?
domicile: very formal, officialresidence: formalabode: poetichome: generalsteed: poetichorse: generalnag: slanggee-gee: baby language
Hale Waihona Puke 3.4 Affective meaning
3.2 Connotative meaning
The communicative value an expression has by virtue of what it refers to, over and above its purely conceptual content.A multitude of additional, non-criterial properties, including not only physical characteristics but also psychological and social properties, as well as typical features.

• Frege pointed out some problems for Reference Theory. • Unicorn, dragon, if, so, not • 启明星、长庚星 • 妻子，内人 • 具有心脏的动物，具有肾脏的动物 • Husserl: a>b, b<a • 词语与现实世界不是直接的关系，还有“系 统意义”（sense meaning） • Sense meaning 是在心理表征的层面，语 句和意义就是它所表达的思想或概念，这是 更为基本的意义，它是外指意义的基础。
1、指称论
• Reference Theory，Referential Theory， Referentialism， Naming Theory，Denotational Theory • Holders：1 Plato （427B.C. -347B.C） 2 Augustine （354-430） 3 J. S. Mill （1806-1873） 4 Wittgentein （pre-period, Picture Theory） 5 Russell, Peirce
• Key Points: • There is a direct relation between forms of language and those the relevant language forms refer to. • Meaning is the relation formed between language and what the language refers to. • Desk, Cup, Classroom, Teacher
• Locke • Words in their primary or immediate signification, stand for nothing, but the ideas in the mind of him that uses them. • Hume • Meanings as concepts: the ideational theory of meaning.

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Plan
• origins of Semantics • semantic gravity and semantic density • semantic profiles: waves, flatlines and „down escalators‟ • research into classroom practices • other examples of research with Semantics
semantic gravity, semantic density temporal position, temporal orientation
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Semantic gravity
• degree to which meaning relates to its context (whether social or symbolic)
Temporality
TP+/–, TO+/–

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Dimension Autonomy Density Specialization Semantics Temporality

Referent relations external internal socialsymbolic meaning time
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Dimension Autonomy
Density
Referent relations external
internal
Principal concepts positional autonomy, relational autonomy
– e.g. Specialization = specialization codes, epistemic–pedagogic device, knowledge–knower structures, gazes, insights, etc.