人教版初二(下)英语第20讲：unit10语法篇(学生版)

Unit 10 语法篇 __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________

学生通过本讲学习，能够掌握本单元的重点语法，并在综合能力上有一定的拓展。

现在完成时for，since用法 1. 表示在过去开始一直延续到现在(可能延续下去)的动作或状态时,时间状语有：for (two years),since 1990, since (two weeks ago)和since引导的状语从句。 如：I have been away from my hometown for thirty years.(我离开家乡有30年了) Uncle Wang has worked in the factory since it opened. (自从这家工厂开张,王叔叔一直在那儿工作) 2. 口语中have got往往表示have(有)的意思。 如：They have got thousands of books in their library.(他们图书馆有上万本书) 3. have been to与have gone to的区别：have gone to(“已经去了”)表示人不在这里,have been to(“去过”)表示人在这里。 如：--Where is Mr Li? –He has gone to the UK.(李先生在哪里？他去了英国。) --Do you know something about Beijing? –Yes, I have been to Beijing three times. (你知道北京的情况吗？是的,我去过那里三次。) 4. 在完成时中,一个瞬间性动词(一次性动作)不能与表示一段时间的状语连用,此时须将该瞬间动词改为延续性动词或状态动词。具体变化见下表：

瞬间性动词的完成时 延续性动词或状态动词的完成时 have (already) gone to… have been in / at … for (two years) has come to… has been here since (1990) (had) left… (had) been away from… arrived… been in… died been dead begun been on ended been over bought... had… borrowed… kept… joined… been in … 或者使用下面这个句型：

It is / has been + (多久)+ since + 主语(人)+谓语(过去时)+……+过去时间状语 [注意] 在其它的时态中也存在类似问题,记住,关键是：瞬间动词不能和表达一段时间的状语连用。 如：How long may I keep the book? (这本书我能借多久？)(句子中keep取代了borrow)

1. They have been friends over ten years. A. since B. in C. for D. with 2. --- How long have you the bike? --- For three years. A. borrowed B. lent C. bought D. had 3. He has lived here he was six years old. A. since B. for C. when D. from 4. Rose came to Beijing in 2002. She here for eight years. A. was living B. live C. will live D. has lived 5. --- did your brother leave home? --- He for nearly half an hour. A. When; has left B. When; has been away C. How long; has left D. How long; has been away 基础演练 一、单项选择（共10小题；共10.0分） 1. --- We've lived here 2001. --- So you've lived here about five years. A. since; for B. for; since C. for; for D. since; since 2. Miss Gao has taught us English two years. I have been here two years ago. A. since; for B. since; since C. for; since D. for; for 3. Joe, my close friend, moved to Beijing years ago, and I him since then. A. don't see B. didn't see C. haven't seen D. won't see 4. The train here for ten minutes already. A. has been B. has come C. has stopped D. has gone 5. The Smiths came to Shanghai in 2008. They there for three years since then. A. live B. lived C. have lived D. will live 6. I my hometown for a long time. I really miss it! A. left B. went away from C. have left D. have been away from 7. She this book for nearly three weeks. A. has borrowed B. has lent C. has bought D. has kept 8. --- How is your grandfather? --- Oh, he for half a year. --- I am sorry to hear that. A. has died B. died C. has been dead D. dies 9. Sam Chinese since he came to China. He speaks Chinese well now. A. learns B. learned C. has learned D. will learn 10. Hurry up! The play for ten minutes. A. has begun B. had begun C. has been on D. began 二、翻译(根据中文提示完成句子)（共5小题；共5.0分） 11. --- 你做了多长时间的作业了? --- 两个小时了。 ---How long you your homework? --- two hours. 12. 詹姆斯自从2008年就在北京做外教。 James a foreign teacher in Beijing 2008. 13. 这本书你已经借了一个星期了。请尽快还回来。 You this book for a week. Please give it back as soon as possible. 14. 从2000年开始，他就离开了家乡。 He away from his hometown 2000. 15. 他奶奶生病了, 已经住院一个月了。 His grandmother in hospital for a month .

巩固提高 根据汉语意思翻译句子（每空一词） 1. 我还没有完成作业。 I _______ _______ my homework _______. 2. 上周我妈妈去美国了，到现在还没有回来。 My mother ________ to America last week, and she ______ _______ back yet. 3．—— 你喂小狗了吗？ —— 喂了。我刚刚喂了它。 —— _______ you _______ the little dog? —— Yes, I ________ it just now. 4．他已经看了两个小时的电视了。 He _____ _______ ________ TV for two hours. 5．他离开家乡三年了。 ______ _______ ________ three years _______ he left hometown. 6．Susan两个月前离开了学校。 Two months ________ ________ _______ Susan left school. 7．我去过北京两次了。 I ________ _______ ________ Beijing twice. 8．—— 你读过《小妇人》吗？ —— 不，我还没有。 —— _______ you ______ Little Woman yet? —— No, _______ _______. 9．你决定英语课要写的书了吗？ _______ you ______ yet which book _______ _______ about for English class? 10. 我选了《金银岛》，但是我还没有读完它。 I chose Treasure Island, but I _______ _______ reading it ________.

一、用动词的正确形式填空 1．______ she ______ (water) the flowers yet? 2．He _______ (leave) the country and gone to India. 3．I have ________ (be) here for three months. 4．I _______ already ________ (buy) a new car. 5．I _______ (have) no news from him for a long time. 二、 将下列句子改为现在完成时，每空一词 6. He came back two hours ago. He _______ _______ back _______ two hours. 7．She joined the music club last week. She _______ _______ _______ the music club _______ two weeks. 8．They came here in 2008. They _______ _______ here ______ 2008. 9. Jane borrowed the book last month. Jane _______ _______ the book _______two months. 10. Tom bought the car in 2009. Tom ______ ______ the car _______ 2009. 二、完型（171中学期中考试题）