广东省湛江第一中学2014届高三上学期普通高考测试英语试题 扫描版含答案

2020年湛江第一中学高三英语第一次联考试题及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ABritain's brilliant bridges have supported trade, brought communities together andare always the mostexciting part of the journey. These must-see bridges are now tourist attractions in their own right.Clifton Suspension Bridge, BristolDescribed byits legendary engineer Isambard Kingdom Brunel as “my first love, my darling", it was originally designed for horse-drawn traffic. Now, more than four million vehicles a year cross the 1,352ft-long toll（通行费）bridge over the Avon Gorge. The £ 1 toll for every journey pays for its maintenance. The history of the bridge, dating back to 1864, is kept alive through a programme of tours, events and exhibitions.Infinity Bridge, Stockton-On-TeesA pedestrian（行人）and cycle footbridge across the River Tees, its working title was the North Shore Footbridge, before it was given its grander name when opened in 2009. It is particularly incredible at night. The arches（拱形）of the bridge are also lit white and, on calm nights, their reflection in the water appears as an infinity（无穷大）symbol, thus inspiring the name which was chosen by the public.Tower Bridge, LondonAn engineering wonder built from thousands of tons of Portland stone and steel, it took construction workers eight years to complete. More than 120 years old, it's a popular tourist attraction, as well as a functional bridge. Visitors can take in the views over the capital, experience seeing London life through the Glass Floor, and visit the Victorian Engine Rooms.Iron Bridge, ShropshireOpened in 1781 , this is the first arch bridge in the world made out of cast iron. Recognised as one of the great symbols of the industrial revolution, it transformed the craft of bridge building and was a crucial factor in the development of the iron trade in Shropshire.1. Which bridge has the longest history?A. Clifton Suspension Bridge.B. Infinity Bridge.C. Tower Bridge.D. Iron Bridge.2. What can we know about Infinity Bridge?A. It was originally meant for pedestrains.B. The public give it two names.C. Ifs well worth visiting at night.D. Its arch is bigger than any other bridge's.3. What makes Clifton Suspension Bridge different from the other bridges introduced?A. It charges drivers for each passing.B. It offers walkers a good view at night.C. It was made from thousands of stones.D. It's a symbol of the industrial revolution.BThere are three of us in the laboratory: Jules, me and Dr. Leonards. Leonards asks me to sit in front of Jules. As I do, he looks me in the eye and starts to move his face through a series of emotions-happy, confused, surprised, glaring. I'm attracted by his display, feeling delight when hegrinsand feeling serious when his eyes narrow angrily. None of this would be a surprise, of course, if Jules were a human. But he's a robot head on a table.The most special thing is that, consciously(有意识地), there's no mistaking Jules for a real person. Although he has surprisingly realistic skin, his eyes don't fit firmly against his lids, and he has a terrible hairpiece. Yet, as I walk into the room, I experience a complex worry of feeling in his direction. It's not at all like entering an empty space. It's a bit awkward for Jules’ shining false hair. Some unconscious part of me is responding to him as if he's real. This matters, because if we're to one day live comfortably along with robots , an understanding of how we instinctively(本能地) react to them is significant. The study of these issues is the frontier of a new scientific research; human-robot interaction.Jules was built as part of an attempt to understand the emotions that can be communicated by a human. “All the robots we'vebuilt so far don't have that rich emotions. We wanted to build a robotic face, with small motors that mimic(模仿) all the muscles you have, so we could discover what it could express. "Such research is becoming increasingly important, says Dr. Leonards, partly because our rapidly ageing population will soon need the help of robots with which they can effortlessly interact.4. What does the author think of Jules?A. He ignored him in his place.B. He didn't treat him as only a robot.C. He was afraid of his being there.D. He mistook him for a real person.5. What is the purpose to build such a robot?A. To help humans of old ages.B. To carry out a scientific research.C. To take the place of human labour.D. To make an interaction with human.6. What doesthe underlined word “grins” mean in Paragraph1?A. Smiles.B. Shakes.C. Worries.D. Cries.7. What may be the best title for the text?A. Human And RobotB. Success Of Making A RobotC. Robot Will Replace ManD. Difference Between Man And RobotCMost animals living in crowded conditions have particularly strong immune systems, so it long puzzled researchers that honeybees do not.Part of the answer, discovered in 2015, is that queen bees vaccinate their eggs by moving parts of proteins from disease-causing pathogens to them before they are laid. These act as antigens totriggerthe development of a protective immune response in the developing young. But that observation raises the question of how the queen receives her antigen supply in the first place? Dr. Harwood wondered if the nurse bees were taking in parts of pathogens and passing them to royal jelly they were producing while eating the food brought to the hive.To test this idea, he teamed up with a group at theUniversityofHelsinki, inFinland, led by Dr Heli Salmela. Together, they collected about 150 nurse bees and divided them among six queenless mini hives equipped with baby bees to look after. Instead of honey, they fed the nurses on sugar water, and for three of the hives they added P. larvae, a bacterium causing a hive-killing disease, to the sugar water.In this case, to stop such an infection happening, Dr Harwood and Dr Salmela heat-treated the pathogens and so killed them in advance. They also labelled the dead bacteria with a fluorescent dye, to track them easily. And, sure enough, it was confirmed that parts of P. larvae were getting into royal jelly released by those bees which had been fed with the sugar water containing that.All told, these findings suggest that nurse bees are indeed, through their royal jelly, passing antigens onto the queen for vaccinating her eggs. They also mean the nurses are vaccinating baby bees as well, because baby bees, too, receive royal jelly for the first few days after they come out.8. What does the underlined word “trigger" in Paragraph 2 probably mean?A. Cut out.B. Set off.C. Slow down.D. Put off.9. Which is the main experimental subject in Paragraph 3?A. Queen bees.B. Nurse bees.C. Bee eggs.D. Baby bees.10. Why was P. larvae added to the sugar water?A. To test if it would cause a hive-killing disease.B. To check how the bacterium would affect the hive.C. To see whether the target bees would favor the taste.D. To confirm the bees would pass pathogens to royal jelly.11. What is the text mainly about?A. How bees multiply.B. How antigens function.C. How bees get vaccinated.D. How immune system works.DA team of researchersfrom theUniversityofColorado Boulderhave created a revolutionary type of robotic muscles. They are strong and flexible at the same time, can feel the movements they perform and, whenever they suffer damage, they can self-heal. However, what is best about them is probably the fact that they are extremely cheap to manufacture.The robotic muscles have been called actuators, and have drawn inspiration from real-life muscles. By creating robots equipped with this kind of actuators, researchers would allowthem to perform movements just like human muscles.To make the robotic muscles work, they filled some flexible material with electrodes(电极)and with liquid and oil. Then, they applied some electricity, and the liquid and oil started moving around the electrodes and powered them. This way, the robotic muscles started contracting and relaxing just like real muscles, but a lot quicker.Researchers also took inspiration from the variety of human muscles, and created more types of actuators, each of them performing a different movement. They called these robotic muscles HASEL ( Hydraulically-Amplified Self-healing Electrostatic). However, they are superior to biological muscles as they are stronger, faster, and more flexible.Even the researchers were amazed they could develop such technology. Eric Acome, the author of one of the studies, explained what is unique about the robotic muscles.“The ability to create electrically powered soft actuators that lift a gallon of water at several times per second is something we haven't seen before.”These muscles are special because they are also self-healing. This property is given by the liquid placed inside of them, which also gives them a lot more advantages than those mechanisms (机械)using solids. In the end, the material which keeps the liquid, the oil and the electrodes is extremely cheap. It is a type of polymer (聚合物)similar to the one used for potato chips bags, and can be manufactures for only 10 cents.12. What can we learn about actuators?A. They can heal on their own.B. They are biological muscles.C. They can not move like human muscles.D. They are slower to react than real muscles.13. What do actuators use to directly power electrodes?A. Solids.B. Liquid and oil.C. A type of polymer.D. Potato chips bags.14. What is the last paragraph mainly about?A. The origin of actuators.B. The opinions on actuators.C. The advantages of actuators.D. The significance of actuators.15. In which part of a newspaper will the textmost probably appear?A. Health.B. Culture.C. Education.D. Technology.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2020-2021学年湛江第一中学高三英语一模试题及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AAs the MOOC craze continues to explode, anyone interested in taking an online course faces a tricky question: Which course to take? Here are five aspects that you should consider before you start.(1)What is your learning style?Many MOOCs are video-based. Other courses use presentation formats. Some also require participation in group work. If you want to stay motivated during your course, think about how you enjoy learning.Are you a visual learner, preferring to use images to understand a topic? If so, a video-based course will work well for you. If you are a verbal learner who gains new information by speaking and writing, try a text-based course with lots of note-taking. Social learners, meanwhile, will thrive in forum discussions and project-based assessment.(2)Are you ready to become a full-time student?Be realistic about the time that you can commit to your online studies. Participating in an online course can take as much time and commitment as a class-based program. Check the course requirements and make a plan around your current schedule.(3) Does the course really meet your needs?Whether you are interested in a professional qualification or want to take a personal development course like yoga, there is a MOOC for you. It's easy to get caught up in the excitement of taking lots of free courses in everything that you ever wanted to learn. Before you start a course, think about the end goal. Is the course aimed at beginners or advanced learners? Why do you need this qualification?(4) Do you need a support group?Some people learn best from seeing how others approach the problem. If you are such as learner, you will need to supplement your online lessons with an in-person support group.(5) What kind of certification will you get?Take time to find out what kind of certification is available upon completion of the course, and how you can prove your learning to others - for example, certificates, transcripts or digital badges.1. What kind of MOOC's does the author recommend to verbal learners?A. A video-based course.B. A text-based course.C. A forum-based discussion.D. A project-based assessment.2. What kind of learners need an in-person support group?A. Learners who prefer individual work.B. Learners who are in great need of a certificate.C. Learners who are too busy to become a full-time student.D. Learners who learn best from observing how others address the problem.3. What is the passage mainly about?A. Picking the right MOOC's for you.B. Deciding your learning style.C. Taking the right course you need.D. Choosing a suitable support group.BAccording to statistics published by the BPI (Buying Power Index) a couple of months ago, digital streaming (流媒体) now accounts for 80 percent of the music consumption in the UK. Despite the incredible growth of online streaming platforms like iTunes, Apple Music and Tidal over the past 15 years, a more traditional medium has also seen a return of interest and sales in the music industry. In 2020, almost one in five of all albums purchased in the UK is vinyl (黑胶唱片), and it has once again become the most popular physical musical medium.With digital streaming so easy and convenient, why are so many peopledrawn to traditional records? Some experts claim that vinyl is a physical medium for experiencing music, something tangible (有形的) to hold and own. For most people, having something tangible and interacting with it gives depth to the experience of music. Listening to an album and touching it the way the artist intended can make them feel more connected to the music and the artist. Records are physical products that can be not only displayed but also gifted, shared, traded and passed down through generations.Sound quality is another hot topic. A lot of music lovers feel that the analogue sound (模拟声音) vinyl offers is superior to modern digital audio, particularly with regards to the compressed formats streaming platforms use. There’s a common belief that old-school analogue audio has a warmer, fuller sound than digitised music. For vinyl followers, the very defect traditional recorders often have, such as the familiar crackle (劈啪作响) when the record starts, bring the music to life in a different way.There’s aritualisticaspect to vinyl that a lot of people are drawn to, too. The act of putting a record on—carefully removing the record from the sleeve, placing it on the record player and gently dropping the needle on the right groove (凹槽)—is a more assiduous (一丝不苟的), mindful way of engaging with music. When you’relistening to vinyl, you can’t tap abutton and go about your day while the streaming service provides hours of music. You need to stay close to the record player to move the needle and flip the record over.It’s clear that the vinyl interest is well underway, and vinyl records are truly making a comeback. In an increasingly digital society, there’s something to be said for analogue experiences. Perhaps one of the great things about being alive in the 21st century is our ability to have the best of both worlds—the timeless appeal of physical records alongside the easy access to vast music libraries that streaming offers.4. What are the statistics published by the BPI used to show?A. An increase in music consumption.B. The recovery of music industry.C. A comeback of a physical medium.D. The acceptance of online streaming.5. According to some experts, why does vinyl interest many people?A. It attracts people by its realistic feel.B. It offers simple access to different music.C. It shares a new way to enjoy music.D. It provides people with perfect sound effect.6. The underlined word “ritualistic” in Para.4 means something ______.A. Overlooked by society.B. Updated very frequently.C. Performed as part of a ceremony.D. Kept for a long time without changing.7. How does the writer feel about the future development of music medium?A. Traditional records will get underway.B. The analogue experiences may matter more.C. Vinyl sales will boom with technological advance.D. There should be a good mix of old and new.CA Chinese space mining company has designed a robot that can capture waste material left behind by spacecraft in outer space with a big net.The state-run Xinhua news agency recently reported that the robot launched on the government's LongMarch 6 rocket along with several satellites. The robot will also investigate deep space to observe small objects in the universe. The 30-kilogram robot, called NEO-01 , was developed by Origin Space. Pounded in 2019 and based in the southern Chinese tech hub(技术中心)Shenzhen, Origin Space has been devoted to exploring and using space resources, according to the company. The company says the robot will lead the way for future technologies capable of mining on asteroids(小行星).The world's first asteroid mining company, Planetary Resources, was established in 2009. Since then, more than 12 businesses around the world have entered the industry, including 3D Systems of the United States and Japan's Astroscale. Astroscale's technology uses magnets (磁铁)to gather up space waste. But a report on the Origin Space website says NEO-01 will use a net to capture waste and then bum it. Thousands of satellites have been launched worldwide. As they are used too long, many end up as waste and put other operating satellites at risk.Su Meng is the founder of Origin Space. He said the company plans to launch many space telescopes and more spacecraft to begin the first for-profit mining of asteroids by 2045. Su added that NEO-01 will serve as a prototype (雏形)of future space mining robots, which can use rich mineral resources on asteroids to support the development of the space industry.The Xinhua news agency reported that China was increasing efforts to land a spacecraft on a near-Earth asteroid to collectmaterials. China is also speeding up a plan to build a defense system against near-Earth asteroids. The country aims to follow Russia and the United States in becoming a major space power by 2030.8. Which of the following can correctly describe NEO-01?A. It weighs 60 kilograms.B. It was created by Planetary Resources.C. It will be burnt after finishing its mission.D. It is mainly used to catch space waste.9. What can be inferred from the text?A. China will be the most powerful in space by 2030.B. Origin Space will open more mines on asteroids.C. It is those useless satellites that make space waste.D. The robot will look into deep space for more waste.10. What does Su Meng think of NEO-01 ?A. It is promising and rewarding.B. It has benefited the space industry.C. It's a long way to produce it.D. It'll help make money for the company.11. What can be the best title for the text?A. NEO-01 , A Smart Robot Used in SpaceB. A Chinese Robot Can Catch Space WasteC. A New Robot Makes China a SpacePowerD. NEO-01 , the Pioneer of Future Space RobotsDOne Sunday morning, my family and I went to a popular restaurant for breakfast. As soon as we walked into Restaurant Happy Meal, a young waitress showed us to a table.We ordered our food and soon after, our food came. Just as we were about to begin our meal, we heard someone shouting for the boss.“What is this? A dead fly in my food!’’ a man with a deep scar (疤) acrosshis face shouted angrily. He strongly hit his fist on the table and swept the plates and cups off it.Thesecame crashing to the floor, breaking into pieces. His companion, a huge man with a tattoo on his arm, stared angrily at the boss who stood nervously in front of the two gangsters (歹徒).The boss apologized repeatedly to the angry customers and tried to calm them down by offering to replace their food. He even told them that they could have their meal for free.The commotion(混乱) affected the business of the restaurant. Fearing that aquarrel would happen, many customers quickly paid for their meals and left the restaurant hurriedly. Some of them had not even finished their breakfast.My father told us to eat our food quickly and not to look at the two angry men. We obeyed him and finished our food within minutes. That was probably the quietest and fastest breakfast my family ever had.Although my father warned us not to look at the two unruly (任性的) customers, I could not help stealing a glance at them.I saw that the boss had managed to calm the two angry customers. Fresh food and drinks were brought to their table. They sat down again and continued their breakfast. Meanwhile the waitress who had shown us to our table earlier swept up the broken china.12. What does the underlined word “These” refer to?A. Tables.B. Cups and plates.C. Two angry customers.D. Dead fly and the food.13. What can we know about the owner from paragraph 4?A. He was sorry for what had happened.B. He was angry with the two customers.C. He was pardoned by the two customers.D. He was disappointed that the men caused problems here.14. What can we infer about the writer and his family?A. They might often talk while they ate.B. They ordered a lot of food each time they ate out.C. They often ate silently and that day was no exception.D. They usually did not like to be disturbed while they ate.15. What did the writer think of the boss?A. Foolish.B. Active.C. Hardworking.D. Wise.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

广东省2014届高三理科数学一轮复习考试试题精选（1)分类汇编1：集合一、选择题1 ．(广东省佛山市南海区2014届普通高中高三8月质量检测理科数学试题 ）设集合{}{}>1,|(2)0A x x B x x x ==-<，则B A 等于 （ ） A ．{|01}x x << B ．{}21<<x x C ．{}20<<x x D ．{|2}x x > 【答案】B2 ．(广东省深圳市宝安区2014届高三上学期调研测试数学理试卷)已知集合{1,2,3,4,5,6},U =集合{1,2,3,4},{3,4,5},P Q ==则()U P C Q = （ ）A ．{1,2,3,4,6,}B ．{1,2,3,4,5}C ．{1,2,5}D ．{1,2}【答案】D3 ．（广东省湛江市第二中学2014届高三理科数学8月考试题 ）已知集合{}9|7|＜-=x x M ,{}2|9N x y x ==-，且N M 、都是全集U 的子集,则下图韦恩图中阴影部分表示的集合( )A ．{}23-≤-＜x xB ．}{23-≤≤-x xC ．}{16≥x xD ．}{16＞x x【答案】B4 ．（广东省南雄市黄坑中学2014届高三上学期第一次月考测试数学(理）试题)设集合},02|{},,02|{22R x x x x N R x x x x M ∈=-=∈=+=，则=⋃N M ( )A ．}0{B ．}2,0{C ．}0,2{-D ．}2,0,2{-【答案】D5 ．（广东省珠海四中2014届高三一轮复习测试（一）数学理试题）（2013广东）设集合{}2|20,M x x x x =+=∈R ,{}2|20,N x x x x =-=∈R ,则MN =( ）A ．{}0B ．{}0,2C ．{}2,0-D ．{}2,0,2-【答案】D6 ．（广东省广州市仲元中学2014届高三数学（理科）10月月考试题）己知集合[0,)M =+∞，集合{2N x x =>或}1x <-,U R =,则集合UM C N ⋂=( ）A ．{}|02x x <≤B ．{}|02x x ≤<C ．{}|02x x ≤≤D ．{}|02x x <<【答案】C7 ．（广东省广州市执信、广雅、六中2014届高三9月三校联考数学（理）试题）已知全集U R =,集合{}Z x x x A ∈≤=,1|， {}02|2=-=x x x B ,则图中的阴影部分表示的集合为（ )A ．{}1-B ．{}2C ．{}2,1D ．{}2,0【答案】B8 ．（广东省珠海一中等六校2014届高三上学期第二次联考数学（理）试题）设2{0,2},{|320}A B x x x ==-+=，则A B = （ ）A ．{0,2,4}--B ．{0,2,4}-C ．{0,2,4}D ．{0,1,2}【答案】D9 ．（2013-2014学年广东省(宝安中学等）六校第一次理科数学联考试题）设U=R ，集合2{|2,},{|40}xA y y x RB x Z x==∈=∈-≤,则下列结论正确的是 ( )A ．(0,)AB =+∞ B ．(](),0UCA B =-∞C ．(){2,1,0}UCA B =--D ．(){1,2}UCA B =【答案】C10．(广东省惠州市2014届高三第一次调研考试数学（理)试题）已知集合{}{}1,2,3,14M N x Z x ==∈<<，则 （ ）A ．N M ⊆B ．N M =C ．}3,2{=N MD ．)4,1(=N M 【答案】{}{}3,241=<<∈=x Z x N ,故}3,2{=N M ，故选 C ．11．(广东省珠海四中2014届高三一轮复习测试（一）数学理试题）已知集合(){,A x y =∣,x y 为实数，且}221x y +=，(){,B x y =∣,x y 为实数，且}y x =，则A B 的元素个数为 （ ）A ．0B ．1C ．2D ．3【答案】C12．（广东省南雄市黄坑中学2014届高三上学期第二次月考测试数学（理)试题）已知集合2{|10},{|0},A x xB x x x =+>=-<则=B A（ ）A ．{|1}x x >-B ．{|11}x x -<<C ．{|01}x x <<D ．{|10}x x -<<【答案】C13．（广东省珠海市2014届高三9月开学摸底考试数学理试题)已知集合{1}A x x =>，2{20}B x x x =-<,则A B ⋃= （ ）A ．{0}x x >B ．{1}x x >C ．{12}x x <<D ．{02}x x <<【答案】A14．（广东省韶关市2014届高三摸底考试数学理试题）若集合}1|{2<=x x M ,1{|}N x y x==,则N M = （ ）A ．NB ．MC ．φD ．{|01}x x <<【答案】解析:D ．M =｛|x —1〈x<1｝, N={|x 0x >}NM ={|01}x x <<15．（广东省兴宁市沐彬中学2014届上期高三质检试题 数学（理科））设集合{|20}A x x =+=，集合2{|40}B x x =-=，则A B =（ )A ．{2}-B ．{2}C ．{2,2}-D ．∅【答案】A16．（广东省南雄市黄坑中学2014届高三上学期第一次月考测试数学（理)试题）已知集合}2,1,0{},1,0,1{=-=N M ，则如图所示韦恩图中的阴影部分所表示的集合为（ ）A ．}1,0{B ．}1,0,1{-C ．}2,1{-D ．}2,1,0,1{-【答案】C17．（广东省汕头市金山中学2014届高三上学期期中考试数学(理）试题）设集合2{103A x x x =+-≥0},{1B x m =+≤x ≤21}m -，如果有AB B =，则实数m 的取值范围是 （ ）A ．(,3]-∞B ．[3,3]-C ．[2,3]D ．[2,5]【答案】A18．（广东省珠海四中2014届高三一轮复习测试(一）数学理试题）若集合{}|21A x x =-<<，{}|02B x x =<<,则集合A B = ( ） A ．{}|11x x -<< B ．{}|21x x -<<C ．{}|22x x -<<D ．{}|01x x <<【答案】D19．（广东省汕头市金山中学2014届高三上学期开学摸底考试数学（理）试题）设S 是至少含有两个元素的集合,在S 上定义了一个二元运算“*”（即对任意的S b a ∈,,对于有序元素对()b a ,,在S 中有唯一确定的元素b a *与之对应),若对任意的S b a ∈,,有b a b a =**)(，则对任意的S b a ∈,,下列等式中不．恒成立的是 ( )A ．[]()a b a a b a =****)(B ．b b b b =**)(C ．a a b a =**)(D ．[]b b a b b a =****)()(【答案】C20．（广东省惠州市2014届高三第一次调研考试数学（理)试题）对于任意两个正整数,m n ，定义某种运算“※”如下：当,m n 都为正偶数或正奇数时，m ※n =m n +;当,m n 中一个为正偶数，另一个为正奇数时,m ※n =mn 。

广东省湛江市第一中学2015届高三8月月考理综试题2014年8月27日可能用到的相对原子质量： H 1 C 12 N 14 O 16 S 32 Na 23 Mg 24 Cl 35.5第一部分 选择题（共118分）【试卷综析】本试卷是高三开学模拟试题，包含了高中物理必修一的全部内容，主要包含匀变速运动规律、受力分析、牛顿运动定律等内容，在考查问题上以基本定义、基本规律为主，题型大部分都是改编题，没用沿用学生熟悉的老题，是份非常好的试卷。

一、单项选择题：本大题共16小题，每小题4分，共64分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一个选项符合题目【题文】１３．以36 km/h 的速度沿平直公路行驶的汽车，遇障碍物刹车后获得大小为a ＝4 m/s 2的加速度，刹车后第三个２s 内，汽车走过的位移为( )．A ．12.5 mB ．2 mC ．10 mD ．０m【知识点】匀变速直线运动的位移与时间的关系．A2【答案解析】 D 解析：设汽车从刹车到停下的时间设为t ，则由v=v 0+at 得t=10104v v a --=-s=2.5s,所以第三个2s 汽车早已停止，所以第三个2s 位移为零，故选D 【思路点拨】根据汽车的初速度和加速度，由速度公式求出汽车从刹车到停下的时间，再分析5s 内汽车运动的情况，再根据位移公式求出汽车刹车后第三个2s 内行驶的距离．对于汽车刹车问题，不能乱套公式，要注意检查解题结果是否合理，往往先求出汽车刹车的时间，分析汽车的运动情况，再进行相关的计算．【题文】１４.如图所示，质量为1 kg 的物体与地面间的动摩擦因数μ＝0.2，从t ＝0开始以初速度v 0沿水平地面向右滑行，同时受到一个水平向左的恒力F ＝1 N 的作用，取g ＝10 m/s 2，向右为正方向，该物体受到的摩擦力f 随时间变化的图象是(最大静摩擦力等于滑动摩擦力)．( )．【知识点】摩擦力的判断与计算．B2 B4【答案解析】 A 解析：：从t=0开始物体以一定初速度υ0向右滑行时，物体受到水平向左的滑动摩擦力，由公式f=μN 得摩擦力为f 1=-μN=-μmg=-2N ．物体的最大静摩擦力F m =μmg=2N ，由于F ＜F m ，所以当物体的速度减小到零时，物体将停止运动，受到水平向右的静摩擦力，由平衡条件得物体受到的静摩擦力为f 2=F=1N ．故选A【思路点拨】本题要分析物体的运动情况，根据状态分析和计算摩擦力．从t=0开始物体以一定初速度υ0向右滑行时，物体受到水平向左的滑动摩擦力，由公式f=μN求出摩擦力的大小．当物体的速度减小到零时，由于水平恒力F小于最大静摩擦力，物体将停止运动，受到水平向右的静摩擦力，由平衡条件求出静摩擦力．求摩擦力时，要分析物体的状态，确定是静摩擦力还是滑动摩擦力．基础题．【题文】１５．以不同初速度将两个物体同时竖直向上抛出并开始计时，一个物体所受空气阻力可忽略，另一个物体所受空气阻力大小与物体速率成正比。