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动词的非谓语形式

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1 动词的非谓语形式

根据《考纲说明》常考的三种形式：to do 、doing 、done

A. 动词不定式（to do）

1． 作主语

To see is to believe.

It is impossible to master a foreign language in such a short time, isn’t it ?

2. 作宾语

We agreed to meet here but so far she hasn’t turned up .

I find it difficult to speak English fluently .

※常跟不定式作宾语的动词：

decide ,determine ,learn ,want , expect , hope ,wish ,refuse,

manage ,pretend ,offer ,promise ,choose ,plan ,agree ,ask ,beg ,help.

3. 作宾语补足语

We invited a famous scientist to attend the opening ceremony .

Didn’t you hear anyone say anything about it ?

※ 常跟不定式作宾语补的动词：

advise ,allow ,ask ,beg ,tell ,request ,expect ,encourage ,force ,get ,invite ,instruct

order ,persuade , want ,wish ,remind ,warn 等。

但以下动词跟不带to的不定式作宾补，变被动语态必须加 to：

feel ,hear ,listen to ,water ,look at , notice , observe ,let ,have ,make .

把The boss often made she little boy work more them twelve hours every day .变被动语态——

4.作定语

a .The problem to be discussed tomorrow is very important .

b. 给下列句子填上适当的介词。

Were is a man to depend ________ .

There is nothing to worry _______ .

Give me ①a pen to write_______

②some ink to write_____

③a piece of paper to write_______

C. —— Jane ,can you help me ?I have an important paper _______.

——Of course .

A. to type B. to be typed C. to be typing D. being typed

5. 作状语

a.Cheek your homework so as to avoid mistakes .

b. She hurriedly came to the restaurant only to find her wallet gone .

c. —— Did the book give you the information you need ? 2 —yes ,but ______ I had to read the book entirely .

A. for reading it B. to look for it C. finding it D. by looking for it .

d. With a lot of problems to settle ,she looks a little anxious .

e .形容词

easy ,difficult ,hard ,cheap ,expensive ,fit ,nice ,dangerous ,comfortable ,exciting ,

funny, heavy ,important ,good 等后面接不定式作状语时，常用主动形式表被动意义。

The girl isn’t easy to get along with .

We found the man difficult to deal with .

Tom asked the candy makers if they could make the chocolate easier ______

into small pieces .

A. break B. breaking C. broken D. to break

6 . 不定式的各种形式

主动语态 被动语态

一般式 To do To be done

进行式 To be doing 无

完成式 To have done To have been done

He pretended to be reading when the teacher came in .

No one likes to be looked down upon .

She is said to have been sent to work in the capital .

※ expect ,intend ,wish ,want ,mean ,would like /love 接不定式的完成时态表示过去没有实现的愿望。

I intended to have helped you , but I was very busy at that time .

I’d love to have returned the book to the library yesterday ,but I left it at home .

7. 不定式短语可以作为独立成份。

To be frank , to tell you the truth , to be exact , to begin with to cut a long

story short ,so to s peak .

So to speak ,you consider him to be an honest man .

To be frank ,The club welcomes all new members regardless of age and sex .

8. 不定式的省略。

a. Don’t stop until you have to .

b.—Art you on holiday ?

__—No. but I’d like to be.

c、—Hasn’t he finished writing the report?

—No, but he ought to have.

※ Everyone in our class was working hard and doing what we

could____a good collage .

A、enter B、to enter C、entering D、entered

※ Before going a broad he devoted all he could_____his oral English .

A、improve B、to improve C、improving D、to improving 3 B、doing/done

1、作定语 分词作定语可放在名词之前or之后，现在分词作定语表示动作正在进行，过去分词作定语时及物动词一般表示完成被动的概念，不及物动词只表示完成概念。

a flying bird=a bird that is flying

a running horse=a horse that is running

a destroyed house=a house that has been destroyed

fallen leaves=leaves that have fallen

2、作状语 分词作状语以表示时间、原因、行为方式、伴随状态等，有时可用连词/with/without+ing/done

a、①____from the hill, we can see the city clearly. (see)

②____from the hill. the city looks more beautiful.

b、①____the two lessons ,we found lesson Two more difficult than lesson one .

②____with Lesson One ,Lesson Two is more difficult .(compare)

c、①____a student, he studies very hard.(be)

②The old man stood up,____by his son.(support)

d、① While____his homework , he referred to his dictionary.(do)

②If _____,you should keep secret.(ask)

e、With his eyes___on the screen, he didn’t notice his mother his mother go out.

A、to fix B、fixing C、fixed D、fix

3、作表语 分词可看成形容词，doing描述事物的性质特征，done多用来描述状态。

disappointing/disappointed surprising/surprised astonishing/astonished

inspiring/inspired exiting/excited

They are deeply moved by the moving story.

They window is broken ,which is disappointing news.

Although the film was over ,he remained seated silently .

4、作宾语补足语

宾语和宾补之间是主谓关系用doing ,是动宾关系用done.

I saw a man crossing the street.

I saw the thief caught by the police.

He spoke loudly in order to make himself heard.

5、分词的形式

主动 被动

一般式 Doing being done

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确定动词非谓语形式的方法(全文)

确定动词非谓语形式的方法(全文)

1 确定动词非谓语形式的方法(全文)

如果所填的动词在句子中不做谓语,那就应考虑用动词的非谓语形式。动词的非谓语形式主要有:动词不定式、动词的-ing形式、过去分词等。到底采用哪一种形式,要根据习惯搭配、各种非谓语形式的用途和特点、修辞及句子结构的要求等方面来决定。

1. 在be busy,what about,how about等之后用动词的-ing形式。

例如: What about playing football now?

2. 在介词之后一般用动词-ing形式。

例如:He does well in playing basketball.

3. 在keep,enjoy,finish,mind等动词后用动词的-ing形式。

例如:You kept forgetting to bring your book.

4. 在动词decide,hope,wish,plan等词后面用动词不定式做宾语,而在ask, tell, order, invite之后用动词不定式的复合结构,即“ask sb. to

do sth.”的形式。

例如: Li Lei decided to help Mary with her English.Mr. Smith asked

me to help him.

5. 在see, hear, watch, notice, let, make, help 等词后面做宾语补足语的动词不定式可省略不定式符号 to。

例如:A woman saw it happen when she was walking past.

6. 在It’s time(for sb.) to do sth. / It’s very kind (nice,good) of sb. to

非谓语动词的种类与非谓语动词的形式

非谓语动词的种类与非谓语动词的形式

非谓语动词的种类与非谓语动词的形式

一、非谓语动词的种类

非谓语动词是指在句子中不作谓语，通常用作句子的其他成分或修饰动词、形容词等的动词形式。根据其形式和语义特点，非谓语动词可分为以下几种类型：

1. 原形动词：即动词的原始形态，通常具有动作或状态的意义。例如：to go（去）、to eat（吃）、to sleep（睡觉）等。

2. 动名词：由动词的-ing形式构成，常用作名词，表示动作、状态或具体事物。例如：swimming（游泳）、running（跑步）、drinking（喝水）等。

3. 不定式：由to + 动词原形构成，可作名词、形容词、副词或动词的补语等。例如：to read（读书）、to be（是）、to help（帮助）等。

4. 分词：根据用途和构成方式的不同，分词可分为现在分词和过去分词。

a. 现在分词：以-ing结尾的动词形式，可表示同时进行的动作或被动形式。例如：running（跑步的）、working（工作的）等。

b. 过去分词：通常为动词的第三人称单数形态或以-ed、-en等结尾，可表示被动、完成或完成时态等。例如：spoken（说过的）、written（写过的）等。

二、非谓语动词的形式 非谓语动词的形式与其种类相关，可根据种类的不同确定其形式：

1. 原形动词：原形动词本身即为其形式，无需变化。例如：to go（去）。

2. 动名词：动名词的形式是将动词的原形加上-ing。例如：swimming（游泳）。

3. 不定式：不定式的形式为to + 动词原形。例如：to read（读书）。

4. 分词：

a. 现在分词：以-ing结尾。例如：running（跑步的）。

b. 过去分词：根据动词的不同，过去分词的形式有多种形式，例如：

- 以-ed结尾的过去分词，如spoken（说过的）。

- 以-en结尾的过去分词，如written（写过的）。

(完整版)动词的非谓语动词形式讲解

(完整版)动词的非谓语动词形式讲解

动词的非谓语形式：动词不做谓语时的固定形式。

(1)动词的非谓语形式包括动词不定式、动名词和分词三种形式；其中分词又包含现在分词和过去分词两种形式。它们在句子中不能单独作谓语。

(2)动词不定式：

① 形式：动词不定式基本形式由“不定式记号to+动词原形”构成。它的否定形式只要在“to” 前面加上“not”。它的疑问形式是：“wh-疑问词+to+动词原形”。*它的被动形式：“to be +过去分词”。*它的完成形式：“to have +过去分词”。

② 动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,即可以在句子中作主语、宾语、定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语。但不定式也保留动词的某些特征,即不定式后面可以跟宾语、表语和状语。动词不定式加上相关成分就构成不定式短语。

③ 动词不定式可以放在谓语前句子作主语。但是通常将作主语的动词不定式或不定式短语放在谓语后面,而在主语位置用“it”作形式主语(有时在不定式的前面还会用for sb.表示不定式的逻辑主语)。如：To help animals is helping people.(帮助动物就是帮助人)/ It is very difficult (for us) to learn Chinese well.((对于我们而言)学好汉语是非常的困难)/ It took me half an hour to work out this problem.(解出这道题花了我一个小时的时间)

④ 动词不定式可以作谓语动词(及物动词)的宾语。

[A] 及物动词+不定式一般形式：

谓语动词(vt.) +不定式

(作宾语)

[说

明]

want(想) / try(试图) / decide(决定) / would

like(想要) / hope(希望) / love(喜爱) /

learn(学会)

/ afford(提供) / agree(同意) /

fail(失败、未能) /

非谓语11种形式用法

非谓语11种形式用法

非谓语动词形式用法

非谓语动词包含四种形式，即不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。具体形式如下：

1. 不定式：to do（表示主动，并且一般表示将来）例如：

The teacher told us to do morning exercises . 老师让我们做早操。

2. 动名词：doing （表示主动）例如：

Travelling in space by ordinary people will be common in the future.在未来，普通人在太空旅行将会是普遍的事情。

3. 现在分词：doing （表示主动和进行）例如：He sat there，reading a newspaper.

他坐在那里，读着一张报纸。

4. 过去分词：done及物动词的过去分词表示被动或完成；不及物动词的过去分词表示主动或完成。polluted river 被污染的河流 （及物动词pollute和river之间是被动关系，即“河流被污染”）

fallen leaves 落叶（不及物动词fall和leaves之间是主动关系，即“叶子落下来”）注意：非谓语动词本身不能表示现在和过去。非谓语动词表示进行和将来是相对于谓语动作来说的：和谓语动作同时发生表示进行；发生在谓语动作之后表示将来。