Selective extraction isolation of hemoglobin with ionic liquid 1 butyl 3 trimethylsilylimidazolium
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Available online at www.sciencedirect.comTalanta75(2008)1270–1278Selectiveextraction/isolationofhemoglobinwithionicliquid1-butyl-3-trimethylsilylimidazoliumhexafluorophosphate(BtmsimPF6)
De-HongCheng,Xu-WeiChen,YangShu,Jian-HuaWang∗ResearchCenterforAnalyticalSciences,Box332,NortheasternUniversity,Shenyang110004,ChinaReceived27November2007;receivedinrevisedform14January2008;accepted15January2008Availableonline1February2008
AbstractIonicliquidwasforthefirsttimeemployedforselectiveisolationofheme-proteinspecies.Directextractionofhemoglobinintoionicliquidwithoutusinganyconcomitantreagentorextractantwascarriedout.Hemoglobinatthelevelof100ngL−1couldreadilybequantitativelyextracted
intoionicliquid(IL)1-butyl-3-trimethylsilylimidazoliumhexafluorophosphate(BtmsimPF6)intheabsenceofanyco-existingextractants/additives
atpH7,atthesametime;however,theotherproteinspeciesdonotinterfereandremainintheaqueousphase.Abackextractionefficiencyofca.80%for20ngL−1hemoglobininionicliquidphasewasachievedwithsodiumdodecylsulfate(SDS)solutionasstrippingreagent.57FeMossbauerspectraandcirculardichroism(CD)spectraindicatedthatthepenta-coordinatedferrousatominhemoglobinprovideavacantorfreecoordinatingposition,whichcouldbeoccupiedbythecationicBtmsim+moiety.Theinteraction/coordinationreactionbetweentheironatominthehemegroupofhemoglobinandthecationicionicliquidmoietyfurnishesthedrivingforceforfacilitatingfasttransferofhemoglobinintoBtmsimPF6.Thepresentsystemwasappliedforselectiveisolationofheme-protein,i.e.,hemoglobinfromhumanwholebloodwithoutanypretreatment,givingrisetosatisfactoryresults.©2008ElsevierB.V.Allrightsreserved.
Keywords:1-Butyl-3-trimethylsilylimidazoliumhexafluorophosphate;Heme-proteins;Hemoglobin;Ionicliquid;Extraction
1.IntroductionTermedasgreensolvents,theionicliquids(ILs)haveattractedextensiveattentionbecauseoftheiruniqueproper-tiescharacterizedbyloworvirtuallynovolatility,negligiblevaporpressureandeaseofhandling,whichhaveshowngreatpromiseasanattractivealternativeorreplacementtoconven-tionalvolatileorganicsolventsandexhibitbio-compatibilitywhenemployedinbio-science.Inthepastdecade,roomtem-peratureionicliquidshavesuccessfullybeenappliedinthefieldsoforganicsynthesis,[1–4]biocatalysts[5]andextrac-tion/separation,[6–8]thelattercaseincludesisolationofvariousspeciesfromcomplexmatrices,e.g.,metalspecies,[9–12]organiccompounds[13]andbiologicalmolecules[14,15].Thehemeproteinsincludinghemoglobin,cytochromecandmyoglobinplayimportantrolesinnumerousbiologicalpro-
∗Correspondingauthor.Tel.:+8683688944;fax:+8683676698.
E-mailaddress:jianhuajrz@mail.neu.edu.cn(J.-H.Wang).
cesses,particularlythoseinvolvingtransportofoxygenandelectrontransferinlifeactivities.Lifescienceinvestigationsincludingproteomicanalysisrequirehighpurityofthesepro-teinsfreeofabroadrangeofimpuritiescoexistinginbiologicalsamplematrices.Therefore,separationandpurificationofspe-cificproteinspeciesfromreal-worldsamplematricesisamongthemostcriticalproceduresforlifesciencestudies.Arangeofextraction/separationproceduresforproteinisolationcanbelocatedintheliterature,[16–21]yetitisfrequentlyproblem-aticwhenadoptingconventionalorganicsolventsasextractionmediumduetotheirnaturaltoxicitytobiologicalmoleculesandlifeprocesses.Inthisrespect,theemploymentofionicliquidsasgreensolventsinanalyticalandbiologicalsciencesprovideapromisingalternative,whichhasdrawnconsiderableandincreasinginterest[22].Extractionofproteinsbyusingionicliquidwiththeassis-tanceofaconcomitantextractanthasbeeninvestigated[23].Sofar,however,thereisnoreportaboutthedirectextractionofproteinswithionicliquidintheabsenceofconcomitantextrac-tants,thismightbeattributedtotheverylimitedsolubilityofproteinsinionicliquids[24].Afewstudieshavebeendirected
0039-9140/$–seefrontmatter©2008ElsevierB.V.Allrightsreserved.doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2008.01.044D.-H.Chengetal./Talanta75(2008)1270–12781271totheactivitiesandstabilitiesofproteinorenzymespeciesinionicliquidphase,[25,26]whileinvestigationsaboutthecon-formation,activityandstabilityofproteinsinionicliquidswereblockedduetotheirlowsolubilities.Inthepresentpaper,wereportforthefirsttimethatheme-protein(hemoglobin,myoglobin)canreadilybeextractedintoionicliquid1-butyl-3-trimethylsilylimidazoliumhexaflu-orophosphate(BtmsimPF6),withoutusinganyconcomitantreagentorextractant.Ithasbeendemonstratedthatthefer-rousatominhemegroupofheme-proteinsprovidesavacantcoordinatingposition,whichofferspossibilitiesforcovalentcoordinationorinteractionbetweentheferrousatomandthecationicBtmsim+moietyintheionicliquidused,whichinturnfacilitatesthetransferofheme-proteinintotheionicliquidphase.2.Experimental2.1.ChemicalsProteinsusedinthepresentstudywereacquiredfromSigma(Louis,MO,USA),includingbovinehemoglobin(H2500),cytochromecfromhorseheart(C7752),myoglobin(0630),apo-myoglobin(A8673),transferrin(T3309),andbovineserumalbumin(A3311).ProteinMolecularWeightMarker(Broad)(TaKaRaBiotechnologyCo.,Ltd.,Dalian,China)wasusedaspurchased.Hexafluorophosphoricacid(KunshanFineChem-icals,Jiang-Su,China),1-chlorobutane(BeijingChemicals,China),1-methylimidazoleand1-trimethylsilylimidazole(KaileChemicals,Jiang-Su,China)wereusedasreceived.Otherchem-icalsemployedwereatleastofanalyticalreagentgradeandwereusedwithoutfurtherpurification.18Mcmdeionizedwaterwasusedthroughout.2.2.ApparatusandmeasurementsProteinswerequantifiedbymeasuringtheirSoretpeaksusingaUV–visspectrophotometer(PurkinjeGeneralInstruments,Beijing,China).1HNMRspectraofthepreparedionicliq-uidswererecordedin(CD3)2COat293KonaBrukerAvance500spectrometer,withchemicalshiftsreferencedtotetram-ethylsilane(TMS).Thecirculardichroism(CD)spectrawererecordedonaJascoJ-810spectropolarimeter(JASCO,Japan)intherangeof200–550nm.Thespectrawereacquiredevery0.5nmwithabandwidthsettingof1nmatascanningspeedof100nm/min,witharesponsetimeof1sandaveragedfor3scans.ThefluorescencespectrawererecordedonanF-7000fluorimeter(Hitachi,Japan)withtheexcitationwavelengthat344nmandtheslitwidthsforexcitationandemissionsetat10nm.Roomtemperature57FeMossbauerspectraweremea-suredbyusinganFH-1918Mossbauerspectrometer(BeijingNuclearInstrumentFactory,China),witharoomtemperaturepalladiummatrixcobalt-57sourceandwascalibratedwithanatural␣-ironfoil.Thespectrawerefittedwithsymmetricquadrupoledoubletsbyusingastandardleastsquaresfittingprocedure.2.3.Preparationofionicliquids1-Butyl-3-trimethylsilylimidazoliumhexafluorophosphate(BtmsimPF6)waspreparedbyadoptingadocumentedpathwaywithminormodifications[27].1-Butyl-3-trimethylsilylimidazoliumchloride(Btm-simCl)wasfirstpreparedbythereactionof0.5mol1-trimethylsilylimidazoleand0.5molchlorobutanein50mLoftolueneinanitrogenatmosphereat90◦Cfor72hwithstirring