(3)可数集合

英语主谓一致的三个原则1. 形式一致的原则一般说来，当作主语的名词或代词是第三人称单数时，谓语动词就用单数形式；当作主语的名词或代词是复数时，谓语动词就复数形式：如：(1)He likes skating in winter. 他喜欢冬天滑冰。

(2)Alice reads much. 艾利斯看了很多书。

(3)They don’t live here. 他们不住这里。

2. 意义一致的原则英语中，有些名词或代词形式上是单数，而意义上可能是复数，这时，谓语动词的形式就须依据名词或代词的意义决定。

如：(1)People there were very glad to see our team win the match. 在那里的人们看到我们队赢了比赛时都非常高兴。

(2)His family were watching TV when I got to his home. 我到他家时，他家的人在看电视。

(3)Our class are working hard to make ours a good class. 我们班的同学都在努力工作以便是我们班成为优秀班。

3. 邻近一致的原则英语中，有时几个名词或代词有某些此连接起来一起作句子的主语，此时，谓语动词的形式就须有与之最接近的名词或代词的人称和数决定。

如：(1)There is a desk and five chairs in his room. 他房间里有一张办公桌和五把椅子。

(2)There are five chairs and a desk in his room. 他房间里有五把椅子和一张办公桌。

(3)Either you or Li Lei is going to be sent there. 要么是你要么是李蕾将被派到那里去。

(4)Are either you or Li Lei going to be sent there.是你将被派到那里去还是李蕾将被派到那里去？几个容易弄错的主谓一致问题1.“many a +名词”和“more than one +名词”作主语谓语动词的数通常用单数(即遵循语法一致的原则)：Many a child was playing there. 很多小孩在那儿玩。

xi
x1
x2
xn
如果论域U 是无限不可数集，F 集合A可表示为：
A A(xi ) xi 注意上述试中的数学符号所表示的意义。
3)向量法 若论域中的元素有限且有序时，可以把各元素的隶属度类似于 向量的分量排列起来表示F集合，这样F集合相当于一个向量， 其分量就是各元素的隶属度取值，故也称F集合A为F向量A,表 示为:
F集合A的支集和核，都是经典集合。
2)数与集合A的数积 设A (U), [0，1]，x U。可以定义一个新的集合“A”,
它满足以下条件：
( A)(x) A(x) 称 A为数与集合A的数集。
把一个F集合A的隶属函数A（x）、支集SuppA、核KerA及
它和数的数积A，一并画在图上，可以看出它们的意义以及
C(x) A(x) B(x) max[A(x), B(x)] 则称C为A和B的并集，记作C A B。符号“”表示对 两边的值做取大运算。
6.模糊集合间的交集 若A, B,C （U）,x U ,均有：
C(x) A(x) B(x) min[A(x), B(x)] 则称C为A和B的并集，记作C A B。符号“”表示对 两边的值做取小运算。
A ( A(x1), A(x2 ), , A(xn ))
注：用向量表示法时，同一论域上各集合中元素隶属度的排列 顺序必须相同，而且隶属度等于零的项不得省略。
3)函数法
当论域U 是无限不可数集时，根据F 集合A的定义，完全可以用 它的隶属函数A（x）来表征它.
例子2-1
设论域U {1，2，3，4，5}, A表示“靠近4的数集”，则A就是F集合。 已知论域U中各元素隶属于A的程度A（xi）,试用F集合的各种 表示方法表示出F集合A。

some，any，many; a few; few等的区别（1）some 用于肯定句，表示可数名词和不可数名词。

例如：There is some water in this glass.（2）any多用于疑问句，否定句和条件状语从句，可以接可数名词和不可数名词。

例如：She doesn’t have any money.If I see any good luck, I’ll tell you.(3) many; a few; few用于可数名词复数前，可以用在肯定句、否定句、疑问句当中。

例如：I have few friends in Shanghai.（4）但many a用于可数名词单数前。

例如：Many a boy learns to swim before he can read.（5）much；a little；little用于不可数名词前，可以用在肯定句、否定句、疑问句当中。

例如：There isn't much tea, but we only need a little for a cup of tea.a lot of, 相当于much,more的化身,但仅用于修饰名词,当后面接形容词比较级时,应为a lot;例:There is a lot of water in the tank; There'are a lot of books in my room; I'm a lot better now, thanks.more, 为much和many的比较级,后接名词(可数或不可数均可),或形容词;例:I have more books than him. I have more coffee than him; The book is more expensive.plenty of稍微复杂一点,用于口语表达时修饰不可数名词的程度而非数量多一些,但它也可以修饰可数名词,只是情况稍少些;a little, a few就没什么好说了吧,"一些",分别接不可数、形容词和可数名词~例:I have a little money; I'm a little hungry；I have a few books。

Unit 3 Food重点语法：可数与不可数名词（六大题型，100题）目录语法知识精讲 (1)语法知识精练 (3)题型一：可数名词复数变化规则 (3)题型二：可数名词复数不规则变化 (5)题型三：复合名词的复数 (6)题型四：不可数名词及其数的表达 (8)题型五：既可数又不可数的名词 (9)题型六：名词单复数的其他用法 (11)参考答案： (12)语法知识精讲1.1名词的单复数变化1.可数名词变复数的规则变化2.可数名词变复数的不规则变化单复数同形的名词fish鱼sheep羊deer鹿series系列species种类means方式,方法“某国人”的复数形式a Chinese---two Chinese两个中国人an Englishman --- three Englishmen 3个英国人a German---five Germans 5个德国人3.复合名词的复数形式4.特殊的可数名词的复数形式1.2 不可数名词的用法不可数名词前不能加不定冠词a/an,也无复数形式。

1.中考中常见的不可数名词2.不可数名词的数量表达不可数名词在表达数量关系时，可借助表示数量单位的短语修饰。

a bottle of orange juice 1瓶橙汁five bags of rice 5袋大米语法知识精练题型一：可数名词复数变化规则1．Look! There are some ________ on the table.A．orange B．pears C．tomato D．ice-cream 2．—________ does it take you to get to school?—It’s about ten ________.A．How far; minute B．How far; minutes C．How long; minutes D．How long; minute 3．Jim is 170 _________ tall and he weighs 60 ________.A．centimetre; kilogram B．centimetres; kilogramC．centimetres; kilograms D．centimetre; kilograms4．This is Jim and that is Lucy. ________ my ________.A．She’s; friend B．They’re; friends C．They’re; friend D．She’s; friend 5．Are ________ your ________?A．this; photoes B．these; photos C．those; photoes D．that; photo 6．Water ________ at zero ________.A．froze, degree centigrade B．frozen, degree FahrenheitC．freezes, degree Celsius D．freezes, degrees centigrade7．It’s about ________ walk from the school to the park.A．twenty minutes’B．twenty minutesC．twenty minute’s D．twenty-minutes8．—I see ________ on the table. Are they for us, Dad?—Yes. One is for you and the other is for your brother.A．two bowl of dumpling B．two bowls of dumplingC．two bowl of dumplings D．two bowls of dumplings9．There are a lot of ________ in Xi’ an.A．place of interests B．places of interest C．place of interest D．place interest 10．—May I help you?—Yes, I’d like two ______.A．cup of juice B．cups of juicesC．cups of juice D．cup of juices11．I like to eat ________ and ________. Let’s get some.A．chickens; banana B．chicken; bananasC．chicken; banana D．chickens; bananas12．I have some ________ and ________ for breakfast.A．eggs; breads B．apples; chickens C．hamburger; bread D．strawberries; bread13．There are three ________ and five ________ in the room.A．American; Japanese B．Americans; JapaneseC．American; Janpaneses D．Americans; Japaneses14．John has two ________ and some ________ for dinner.A．tomatoes; chicken B．tomatoes; chickensC．tomato; chickens D．tomato; chicken15．As we know, there are many ________ between Shanghai and Beijing.A．difference B．different C．differences D．differently16．There are two ________ chopsticks on the table.A．pairs of B．pair of C．pair D．pairs17．I want to go to other _______ to spend my holiday.A．place B．a place C．places D．a places18．In 20 ________ time, China will be stronger.A．years B．year’s C．years’D．year19．My uncle keeps many ________ on the farm. And I often help him feed them.A．cow B．horse C．pig D．sheep20．I like ________ best. They are lovely and friendly animals from China.A．koala B．koalas C．panda D．pandas题型二：可数名词复数不规则变化21．There are some dogs, ________ in that village.A．some chicken and some sheep B．some chickens and some sheepC．some chickens and some sheeps D．some chicken and some sheeps22．The students visit Mike’s farm and see many ________ there.A．sheep B．bird C．chicken D．cow23．—How many ________ are there in your school?—About 18.A．woman teachers B．women teacher C．women teachers D．woman teacher 24．We must brush our ________ after eating meals to keep healthy.A．tooths B．tooth C．teeths D．teeth25．To my ______, there are so many ______ on the farm.A．surprise; sheep B．surprise; sheepsC．surprising; visitor D．surprises; mouses26．There are ten ________ in the picture.A．sheeps B．deers C．horse D．cows27．Look! These are ________ of ________.A．photos; tomatoes B．photo; tomatoesC．photoes; tomatos D．photo; tomato28．Last week I went to Mr. Black’s farm and I saw many cows and ________.A．sheep B．chicken C．horse D．carrot29．—Do you know how many ________ a horse has and how many ________ a bee has?—Sorry, I don’t know.A．teeth; feet B．tooth; foot C．foot; teeth D．teeth; foot30．My grandmother had a farm and she kept some ________ on the farm.A．horse B．duck C．sheep D．cow31．---Are there any ________ on the farm?---Yes, there are some。