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2022年考研考博-考博英语-复旦大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题The aim of making self-criticism for the mistake is to help us ______ so that we shall not repeat them later.问题1选项A.show offB.hold outC.measure upD.sober up【答案】D【解析】考查动词词组辨析。
show off“炫耀”；hold out“主张”；measure up“合格”；sober up“（使）清醒”。
句意：对错误进行自我批评是为了让我们更加清醒，不再重蹈覆辙。
选项D符合题意。
2.单选题In the （）of recent incidents, we asking our customers to take particular care of their belongings.问题1选项A.evidencepanyC.lightD.form【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。
in the light of “根据，按照，由于，鉴于”。
句意：“鉴于最近发生的事件，我们要求顾客注意保管好自己的财物”。
选项C符合题意。
3.单选题To get my travellers' cheques I had to（）a special cheque to the bank for the total amount. 问题1选项A.make forB.make outC.make upD.make off【答案】B【解析】考查动词词组辨析。
make for“走向，有助于，导致”；make out“辨认出，填写，理解”；make up“组成，弥补，虚构，缝制”；make off“（尤指做了错事后）匆忙离开，逃走”。
句意：为了拿到游客们的支票，我不得不给银行填写了一个包含所有费用的特殊支票。
2015年考博单选：有少部分原题（出自曾建彬《研究生英语》《研究生高级英语》）阅读理解：第一篇：Education is one of the key words of our time. A man without an education, most of us believe, is an unfortunate victim of adverse circumstances, deprived of one of the greatest twentieth-century opportunities. Convinced of the importance of education, modern states "invest" in institutions of learning to get back "interest" in the form. of a large group of enlightened young men and women who are potential leaders. Education, with its cycles of instruction so carefully worked out, punctuated by textbooks—that purchasable wells of wisdom—what would civilization be like without its benefits?So much is certain: that we would have doctors and preachers, lawyers and defendants, marriages and births—but our spiritual outlook would be different. We would lay less stress on "facts and figures" and more on a good memory, on applied psychology, and the capacity of a man is to get along with his fellow-citizens. If our educational system were fashioned after its bookless past we would have the most democratic form. of "college" imaginable. Among tribal people all knowledge inherited by tradition is shared by all; it is taught to every member of the tribe so thatin this respect every- body is equipped for life.It is the ideal condition of the "equal start" which only our most progressive forms of modern education try to regain. In primitive cultures the obligation to seek and to receive the traditional instruction is binding to all. There are no "illiterates"—if the term can be applied to peoples without a script—while our own compulsory school attendance became law in Germany in 1642, in France in 1806, and in England in 1876, and is still non-existent in a number of "civilized" nations. This shows how long it was before we deemed it necessary to make sure that all our children could share in the knowledge accumulated by the "happy few" during the past centuries.Education in the wilderness is not a matter of monetary means. All are entitled to an equal start. There is none of the hurry, which, in our society, often hampers the full development of a growing personality. There, a child grows up under the ever-present attention of his parents' and therefore the jungles and the savannahs know of no "juvenile delinquency". No necessity of making a living away from home results in neglect of children, and no father is confronted with his inability to "buy" an education for his child. (选自新概念)第二篇：关于在Internet site上挂条幅广告销售商品的。
考博士英语试题及答案一、词汇和语法（共20分，每题2分）1. The word "innovate" is most closely related to which of the following?A. CreateB. ImitateC. DuplicateD. Annihilate答案：A2. Which sentence is grammatically correct?A. She has been working here since she graduated.B. She has been working here since she graduated from university.C. She has been working here since she graduated university.D. She has been working here since she was graduated.答案：B3. The correct usage of the word "subsequent" is demonstrated in which sentence?A. The subsequent event was unexpected.B. The subsequent events were unexpected.C. The subsequent event was not expected.D. The subsequent events were not expected.答案：B4. What is the antonym of "abundant"?A. ScarceB. AbundantC. PlentifulD. Ample答案：A5. The phrase "at the mercy of" means:A. To be in a position of power.B. To be controlled by someone or something.C. To show mercy to someone.D. To be in a state of uncertainty.答案：B...二、阅读理解（共30分，每篇阅读5题，每题2分）Passage 1[文章内容略]6. What is the main idea of the passage?A. [选项A]B. [选项B]C. [选项C]D. [选项D]答案：[正确答案]7. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?A. [选项A]B. [选项B]C. [选项C]D. [选项D]答案：[正确答案]8. The author's attitude towards the subject can be best described as:A. SkepticalB. OptimisticC. NeutralD. Pessimistic答案：[正确答案]9. What does the term "paradigm shift" refer to in the context of the passage?A. [选项A]B. [选项B]C. [选项C]D. [选项D]答案：[正确答案]10. What conclusion can be drawn from the passage?A. [选项A]B. [选项B]C. [选项C]D. [选项D]答案：[正确答案][其他Passage及问题略]三、完形填空（共20分，每题2分）[文章内容略]11. The blank [ ] should be filled with:A. [选项A]B. [选项B]C. [选项C]D. [选项D]答案：[正确答案]12. The word that best completes the sentence is:A. [选项A]B. [选项B]C. [选项C]D. [选项D]答案：[正确答案]...四、翻译（共20分，每题5分）13. Translate the following sentence into English: [中文句子]答案：[英文翻译]14. Translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: [英文句子]答案：[中文翻译]...五、写作（共10分）15. Write an essay of about 300 words on the topic "The Impact of Technology on Education".[写作指导略][学生作文略]注意：以上试题及答案仅为示例，实际考试内容会有所不同。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-复旦大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Legislation has been developed throughout the 20th century attempting to protect employees from（）dismissal by their employers.问题1选项A.unrecognizableB.undeniableC.unreachableD.unjustifiable【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。
unrecognizable“未被承认的，无法认出的”；deniable“不可否认的，无可争辩的”；unreachable“不能得到的；不能到达的”；unjustifiable“不合道理的；不能分辨的”。
句意：发展贯穿整个20世纪的法律是为了保护员工，让他们不再被雇主无理由解雇。
选项D符合题意。
2.单选题It is wrong to（）any one of the candidates at the moment，for one of them might turn out to be a dark horse in the general election.问题1选项A.denyB.outshineC.belittleD.grudge【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。
deny“否认”；outshine“相形见绌”；belittle“轻视，贬低”；grudge“怀恨，吝惜”。
句意：现在轻视任何一个候选人都是不正确的，因为他们中的任何一个都有可能在选举中成为一匹黑马。
选项C符合题意。
3.单选题Students who get very high marks will be（） from the final examination.问题1选项A.expelledB.banishedC.absolvedD.ousted【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-复旦大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Mississippi also upholds the South’s well-deserved reputation for warm, hospitable people；balmy year-round weather and truly（）cuisine.问题1选项A.destructiveB.horribleC.amiableD.delectable【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。
destructive “破坏性的”；horrible “可怕的”；amiable “亲切的”；delectable “美味的”。
空格处用来修饰cuisine （烹饪）这个单词，前文是讲密西西比为什么这么出名，所以选项D符合题意。
2.单选题John glanced at Mary to see what she thought, but she remained（）.问题1选项A.manifestB.obnoxiousC.inscrutableD.obscene【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。
manifest“明白的，清楚的”；obnoxious“讨厌的，可憎的”；inscrutable“神秘的，难以了解的，不能预测的”；obscene“猥亵的，淫秽的”。
句意：约翰瞥了一眼玛丽，想知道她在想什么，但是玛丽仍旧保持着神秘的样子。
选项C符合题意。
3.单选题Jean left Alice Springs on Monday morning with regret, and flew all day in a “Dragonfly”' aircraft; and it was a very instructive day for her. The machine did not go directly to Cloncurry, but flew to and for across the wastes of Central Australia, depositing small bags of mail at cattle stations and picking up cattle-men and travelers to drop them off after a hundred or a hundred and fifty miles. They landed eight or ten times in the course of the day, at places like Ammaroo and Hatches Creek and many other stations; at each place they would get out of the plane and drink a cup of tea and have a talk with the station manager or owner, and get back into the plane and go on their way. By the end of the day Jean Paget knew exactly what a cattle station looked like, and she was beginning to have a very good idea of what went on there.They got to Cloncurry in the evening, a fairly extensive town on a railway that ran eastward to the sea at Townsville. Here she was in Queensland, and she heard for the first time the slow deliberate speech of the Queensland that reminded her at once of her friend Joe Harman. She was driven into town in a very old open car and deposited at the Post Office Hotel; she got a bedroom but tea was over, and she had to go down the wide, dusty main street to a café for her evening meal. Cloncurry, she found, had none of the clean attractiveness of Alice Springs; it was a town which smelt of cattle, with wide streets through which to drive them down to the stockyard, many hotels, and a few shops. All the houses were of wood with red-painted iron roofs; the hotels had two floors, but very few of the other houses had more than one.She had to spend a day here, because the air service to Normanton and Willstown ran weekly on a Wednesday. She went out after breakfast while the air was still cool and walked in one direction up the huge main street for half a mile till she came to the end of the town, then came back and walked down it a quarter of a mile till she came to the other end. Then she went and had a look at the railway station, and, having seen the airfield, with that she had seen all there was to see in Cloncurry. She looked in at a shop that sold toys and newspapers, but they were sold out of all reading matter except a few books about dress-making; as the day was starting to warm up she went back to the hotel. She managed to borrow a copy of the Australian Women’s Weekly from the manageress of the hotel and took it to her room, and took off most of her clothes and lay down on her bed to sweat it out during the heat of the day. Most of the other citizens of Cloncurry seemed to be doing the same thing.She felt like moving again shortly before tea and had a shower, and went out to the café for an ice. Weighed down by the heavy meal of roast beef and plum-pudding that the Queenslanders call “tea” she sat in a foldin g chair for a little outside in the cool of the evening, and went to bed again at about eight o’clock. She was called before daybreak, and was out at the airfield with the first light.1.When Jean had to leave Alice Springs, she（）.2.How did Jean get some idea of Australian cattle station?3.Jean's main complaint about Cloncurry in comparison with Alice Springs, was（）.4.For her evening meal on the second day Jean had（）.5.Jean left Cloncurry（）.问题1选项A.wished she could have stayed lodgerB.regretted she had decided to flyC.wasn't looking forward to flying all dayD.wished it had not been a Monday morning问题2选项A.She learnt about them at first hand.B.She learnt about them from friends.C.She visited them weekly.D.She stayed on one for a week.问题3选项A.the width of the main streetB.the poor service at the hotelC.the poor-looking buildingsD.the smell of cows问题4选项A.only an ice-creamB.a lot of cooked foodC.some cold beerD.a cooling, but non-alcoholic drink问题5选项A.early on Wednesday morningte on Tuesday eveningC.after breakfast on TuesdayD.before breakfast on Tuesday【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:B第4题:B第5题:A【解析】第1题:文章第一段第一句话提到Jean left Alice Springs on Monday morning with regret （琼在星期一早上带着遗憾离开了爱丽丝泉），所以选项B符合题意。
复旦博士英语考试The Fudan University doctoral English exam is a comprehensive test that assesses your proficiency in English language skills. It includes listening, reading, writing, and speaking sections, all designed to evaluate your ability to communicate effectively in English.In the listening section, you will be required to listen to recordings of conversations, lectures, and other spoken English passages. You will then answer questions based on what you have heard. This section tests your ability to understand spoken English and your listening comprehension skills.The reading section of the exam will present you with a variety of written passages, including articles, essays, and other types of text. You will need to read these passages carefully and answer questions that test your understanding of the content, as well as your ability to analyze and interpret written English.The writing section will require you to write essays or short responses on various topics. You will be assessed onyour ability to express your ideas clearly and coherently, as well as your use of grammar, vocabulary, and sentence structure.Finally, the speaking section of the exam will assess your ability to communicate verbally in English. You will be asked to participate in conversations, discussions, and other speaking activities that demonstrate your speaking and pronunciation skills.Overall, the Fudan University doctoral English exam is a challenging but important test that evaluates your English language proficiency. By preparing thoroughly andpracticing your English skills, you can improve your chances of success on the exam.复旦大学博士英语考试是一项全面的考试，旨在评估您的英语语言能力。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-复旦大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题The contract between the companies will（）at the end of the year.问题1选项A.expireB.exceedC.terminateD.cease【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。
expire“期满，短期”；exceed“超过，胜过”；terminate“使终止，使结束”；cease“停止，结束”。
句意：两个公司的合同年底将到期。
选项A符合题意。
2.单选题She said that the treatment she had received in the hospital has completely（） her as her dignity.问题1选项A.thrivedB.suspendedC.deprivedD.contrived 【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。
thrive “繁荣”；suspend “延缓，推迟”；deprive “使丧失，剥夺”；contrive “设计，发明”。
句意：她说在医院接受的治疗完全剥夺了她的尊严。
选项C符合题意。
3.翻译题人类是一个不断的自然进化过程的产物，其中包括无数次的遗传转化：这一不可阻挡的过程自45亿年前地球形成以来一直未曾间断过。
这一进化过程，受环境因素的影响，经过随机突变，形成了更具适应性的系统，从而保证了其连续性。
在动物世界，这导致了更高级物种的进化，并在人类身上达到了极致。
我认为人类掌握了自身的命运，因为人类已经获得创新思维的能力。
创新思维能力的获得大大加速了自然进化的过程。
它导致了人类文明诸多方面的巨大进步。
如在艺术、文学、医学、技术上，在属于人类智慧扩展前沿科学上尤其如此。
然而，正是科学的这些进步使得人类获得了自我毁灭的功能，导致了消灭人类自身的工具的发展。
Put the following passage into English【答案】Human being is a product of the constant evolutionary which involves numerous genetic transformations, and has gone uninterrupted since the Earth came into being 4.5 billion years ago. Subject to environmental factors and undergoing random mutation, this evolutionary process develops into a more adoptable system to ensure the continuity. In the animal world, this system leads to the evolution of more advanced species and reaches its peak. I think human beings master their own destinies, for they have obtained the creative thinking. Creative thinking greatly accelerates the speed of natural evolution. It leads to great achievements in human civilization, such as art, literature, medicine, technology, especially in science which stands for the forefront of the expansion of human intelligence. However, those advancements in science also enable humans to self-destruction, and result in the development of tools for destroying human beings.4.单选题In the （）of recent incidents, we asking our customers to take particular care of their belongings.问题1选项A.evidencepanyC.lightD.form【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-复旦大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题What if our society uses new-found technologies of “genetic engineering” to interfere with the biological nature of human beings? Might that not be disastrous?What about cloning, for instance?Cloning is a term originally used in connection with nonsexual reproduction of plants and very simple animal. Now it is coming into use in connection with higher animals, since biologists are finding ways of starting with an individual cell of a grown animal and inducing it to multiply into the same way in the future.But is cloning a safe thing to unleash on society? Might it not be used for destructive purposes? For instance, might not some ruling group decide to clone their submissive, downtrodden peasantry, and thus produce endless hordes of semi-robots who will slave to keep a few in luxury and who may even serve as endless ranks of soldiers designed to conquer the rest of the world?A dreadful thought, but an unnecessary fear. For one thing, there is no need to clone for the purpose. The ordinary method of reproduction produces all the human beings that are needed and as rapidly as is needed. Right now, the ordinary method is producing so many people as to put civilization in danger of imminent destruction. What more can cloning do? Secondly, unskilled semi-robots cannot be successfully pitted against the skilled users of machine, either on farms, in factories or in armies. Any nation depending on downtrodden masses will find itself an easy mark for exploitation by a less populous but more skilled and versatile society. This has happened in the past often enough.But even if we forget about self-hordes, what about the cloning of a relatively few individuals? There are rich people who could afford the expense, or politicians who could have the influence for it, or the gifted who could undergo it by popular demand. There can be two if a particular banker or governor or scientist — or three — or a thousand. Might this not create a kind of privileged caste, who would reproduce themselves in greater and greater numbers, and who would gradually take over the world?Before we grow concerned about this, we must ask whether there will really be any great demand for cloning. Would you want to be cloned? The new individual formed your cell will have your genes and therefore your appearance and, possibly, talents, but he will not be you. The clone will be, at best, merely your identical twin. Identical twins share the same genetic pattern, but they each have own individuality and are separate persons.Cloning is not a pathway to immortality, then, because your consciousness does not survive in your clone, any more than it would in your identical twin if you had one.In fact, your clone would be far less than your identical twin. What shapes and forms a personality is not genes alone, but all the environment to which it is exposed. Identical twins grow up in identical surroundings, in the same family, and under each other’s influence.A clone of yourself, perhaps thirty of forty years younger, would grow up in a different world altogether and would be shaped by influences that would be sure to make him less and less like you as he grows older.He may even earn your jealousy. After all, you are old and he is young. You may once have been poor and struggled to become well-to-do, but he will be well-to-do from the start. The mere fact that you won’t be able to view it as a child, but as another competing and better-advantaged you, may accentuate the jealousy.No! Imagine that, after some initial experiments, the demand for cloning will be virtually nonexistent.1.The central theme of the essay is（）.2.The author assumes that the readers is（）.3.The author assumes that the reader thinks “immortality”（）.4.To hold the reader’s interest, the author（）.5.The word “hordes” used in the passage means（）.问题1选项A.genetic engineers are experimenting with cloningB.the cloning of human could produce a privileged classC.worries about the dangers of human cloning are ill-foundedD.personality traits cannot be passed on though cloning问题2选项A.afraid of a nation of dictatorsB.worried about the abuses of cloningC.egger to put cloning to practical useD.ready to be cloned问题3选项A.frighteningB.unavoidableC.profitableD.desirable问题4选项ed quotations by famous peopleB.asks frequent questions of the readerC.presents many research statisticsD.tells many amusing stories问题5选项A.swarms of fishrge groups of peopleC.mountain rangesrge fields of grain【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:D第4题:B第5题:B【解析】第1题:文章以genetic engineering 开头，接着作者提到了克隆会带来的问题，但是在第5段提出克隆是一个可怕的想法，但是没有必要去恐惧（A dreadful thought, but an unnecessary fear）。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-复旦大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Living with a roommate （）constraint on her —she couldn’t play her trumpet or have parties late at night.问题1选项A.imposedB.illustratedC.impressedD.left【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。
impose“强加”，impose on 意为“强加于……”；illustrate“阐明，解释说明，图解”，后一般接动词by；impress“给予某人深刻印象”，impress on 意为“给……留下印象”；left“留下，离开”。
句意：和室友住在一起使她很拘束——她不能吹喇叭，也不能在深夜参加聚会。
选项A更符合语境，表示无形中施加的一种压力。
2.单选题We hadn’t met for nearly 20 years, but I recognized him _____ I saw him in the street.问题1选项A.the minute thatB.the minute whenC.at a time whenD.at a time that【答案】A【解析】考查 the minute that 句型。
句意：我们将近二十年没见过面了，但是当我在街上遇见他的那一刻我就认出了他。
选项A符合题意。
3.单选题The child’s bad behavior is often more than a way of t rying to（）his mother’s attention away from his sister.问题1选项A.reflectB.catchC.deflectD.reduce【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。
reflect “反映”；catch “赶上，抓住”；deflect “使转向；转移”；reduce “减少”。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-复旦大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题As many as 100 species of fish, some（） to these waters, may have been affected by the pollution.问题1选项A.unusualB.particularC.typicalD.unique【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。
unusual “不寻常的”；particular “特别的，详细的”；typical “典型的”；unique “独一无二的”。
句意：在这片水域有100多种鱼类，有些是独一无二的，已经被污水影响了。
选项D符合题意。
2.单选题The public can rest（）that detectives are doing everything possible to find the murderer.问题1选项A.assuredB.approvedC.guaranteedD.convinced【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。
rest assured that “(强调所言确凿无误)尽管放心”。
因此选项A符合题意。
3.单选题I spent most of my money in the first week and（）had very little to eat during the last few days of the holiday.问题1选项A.after allB.consequentlyC.otherwiseD.anyhow【答案】B【解析】考查副词词义辨析。
after all“毕竟”；consequently“因此，结果”；otherwise“否则，不然”；anyhow“无论如何，总之”。
句意：我第一周就花掉了大部分的钱，因此在假期的最后几天只能吃一点点东西。
选项B符合题意。
2012年复旦大学考博英语真题Part ⅠVocabulary and Structure1 It was very difficult to find the parts needed to do the job because of the ______way the store was organized.A logicalB haphazardC orderlyD tidy2 Mississippi also uplolds the South’s well-deserved reputation for warm,hospitable people;balmy year-round weather;and truly______cuisine.A destructiveB horribleC amiableD delectable3 If she is stupid,she’s _____pleasant to look at.A at any rateB by chanceC at a lossD by the way4 The mother was_____with grief when she heard that her child was dead.A fantasticB frankC franticD frenzy5 In your teens,peer-group friendships may _____from parents as the major influence on you.A take controlB take placeC take upD take over6 Parents often faced the ___between doing what they felt was good for the development of the child and what they could stand by way of undisciplined noise and destructiveness.A paradoxB junctionC premiseD dilemma7There have been demonstrations on the streets____the recent terrorist attack.A in the wake ofB in the course ofC in the context ofD in the light of8Thousands of Medicare patients with chronic medical conditions have been wrongly_____access to necessary care.A grudgedB deniedC negatedD invalidated9 It has been proposed by many linguists that human language______,our biologically programmed abilith to use language, is still not well defined and understood.A potentialityB perceptionC facultyD acquisition10 Western medicine,_______science and practiced by people with academic internationally accepted medical degrees,is only one of many systems of healing.A rooted inB originated fromC trapped inD indulged in11 When I asked if a black politician could win in France,however ,he responded _____:”No,conditions are different here.”A ambiguouslyB implicitlyC unhesitatinglyD optimistically12 The development of staff cohesion and a sense of team effort in the workplace can be effectively _______by the use of humor.A acquaintedB installedC regulatedD facilitated13 In both America and Europe,it is _____to tip the waiter or waitress anywhere from 10% to 20%.A elementaryB temporaryC voluntaryD customary14 Such an approach forces managers to communicate with one another and helps______rigid departmental borndaries.A pass overB stand forC break down Dset off15 As a teenager,I was_____by a blind passion for a slim star I would never meet in my life.A pursuedB seducedC consumedD guaranteed16 His originality as a composer is____by the following group of songs.A exemplifiedB createdC performedD realized17 They are going to London,but their______destination is Rome.A ultimateB primeC nextD cardinal18 The poor old man was _____with diabetes and without proper treatment he would lose his eyesight and become crippled very soon.A sufferedB afflictedC inducedD infected19 The bribe and the bridegroom were overwhelmed in happiness when their family offered to take them to Rome to _______the marriage.A terminateB initiate Cconsummate D separate20 Join said that the richer countries of the world should make a _____effort to help the poorer countries.A futileB glitteringC franticD concentrated21 The problem is inherent and _______in any democracy,but it has been more severe in ours during the past quarter-century because of the near universal denigration of government,politics and politicians.A perishableB periodicalC perverseD perennial22As is known to all ,____commodities will definitely do harm to our life sooner or later.A counterfeitB fakeC imitativeD fraudulent23 It would be _____to think that this could solve all the area’s problems straight away.A subtle Bfeeble C nasty D naïve24It is surprising that such an innocent-looking man should have____such a crime.A confirmedB clarifiedC committedD converyed25 Hummans are ___,which enables them to make dicisions even when they can’t justify why.A rationalB reasonableC hesitantD intuitive26 More than 100____cats that used to roam the streets in a Chinese province have now been collected and organized into a tram to fight rodents that are destroying crops.A looseB tamedC wildD stary27 To say that his resignation was a shock would be an______-------it caused panie.A excuseB indulgenceC exaggerationD understatement28 Here the burden of his thought is that the philosopher ,aiming at truth,must not ____the seduction of trying to write beautifully.A subject toB carry onC yield toD aim at29 I found the subject very difficult ,and at one time thought I should have to give it up,but you directions are so clear and ____that I have succeeded in getting a picture we all think pretty,though wanting in the tender grace of yours.A on the pointB off the pointC to the pointD up to a point30 They both watched as the crime scene technicians took samples of various fibers and bagged them,dusted for fingerprints,took pictures and tried to _____what could have happened.A rehearseB reiterateC reinforceD reenact阅读：AIn 1896 a georgia couple suing for damages in the accidental death of their two year old was told that since the child had made no real economic contribution to the family, there was no liability for damages. in contrast, less than a century later, in 1979, the parents of a three year old sued in New York for accidental-death damages and won an award of $750,000. the transformation in social values implicit in juxta- posing these two incidents is the subject of viviana zelizer's excellent book, <i>pricing the priceless child</i>. during the nineteenth century, she argues, the concept of the "useful" child who contributed to the family economy gave way gradually to the present-day notion of the "useless" child who, though producing no income for, and indeed extremely costly to, its parents, is yet considered emotionally "priceless." well established among segments of the middle and upper classes by the mid-1800's, this new view of childhood spread through- out society in the iate-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries as reformers introduced child-labor regulations and compulsory education laws predicated in part on the assumption that a child's emotional value made child labor taboo. for zelizer the origins of this transformation were many and complex. the gradual erosion of children's productive value in a maturing industrial economy, the decline in birth and death rates, especially in child mortality, and the development of the companionate family (a family in which members were united by explicit bonds of love rather than duty) were all factors critical in changing the assessment of children's worth. yet "expulsion of children from the 'cash nexus,'... although clearly shaped by profound changes in the economic, occupational, and family structures," zelizer maintains. "was also part of a cultural process 'of sacralization' of children's lives. " protecting children from the crass business world became enormously important for late-nineteenth-century middle-class Americans, she suggests; this sacralization was a way of resisting what they perceived as the relentless corruption of human values by the marketplace. in stressing the cultural determinants of a child's worth. zelizer takes issue with practitioners of the new "sociological economics," who have analyzed such traditionally sociological topics as crime, marriage, education, and health solely in terms of their economic determinants. allowing only a small role for cultural forces in the form of individual "preferences," these sociologists tend to view all human behavior as directed primarily by the principle of maximizing economic gain. zelizer is highly critical of this approach, and emphasizes instead the opposite phenomenon: the power of social values totransform price. as children became more valuable in emotional terms, she argues, their "exchange" or " surrender" value on the market, that is, the conversion of their intangible worth into cash terms, became much greater.1.it can be inferred from the passage that accidental-death damage awards in Americaduring the nineteenth century tended to be based principally on the(a) earnings of the person at time of death(b) wealth of the party causing the death(c) degree of culpability of the party causing the death(d) amount of money that had been spent on the person killed2.it can be inferred from the passage that in the early 1800's children were generallyregarded by their families as individuals who(a) needed enormous amounts of security and affection(b) required constant supervision while working(c) were important to the economic well-being of a family(d) were unsuited to spending long hours in school3.which of the following alternative explanations of the change in the cash value ofchildren would be most likely to be put forward by sociological economists as they are described in the passage?(a) the cash value of children rose during the nineteenth century because parents beganto increase their emotional investment in the upbringing oftheir children.(b) the cash value of children rose during the nineteenth century because their expectedearnings over the course of a lifetime increased greatly.(c) the cash value of children rose during the nineteenth century because the spread ofhumanitarian ideals resulted in a wholesale reappraisal of the worth of an individual(d) the cash value of children rose during the nineteenth century because compulsoryeducation laws reduced the supply, and thus raised the costs, of available child labor.4.the primary purpose of the passage is to(a) review the literature in a new academic subfield(b) present the central thesis of a recent book(c) contrast two approaches to analyzing historical change(d) refute a traditional explanation of a social phenomenon5.zelizer refers to all of the following as important influences in changing the assessmentof children's worth except changes in(a) the mortality rate(b) the nature of industry(c) the nature of the family(d) attitudes toward reform movementsBA stout old lady was walking with her basket down the middle of a street in Petrograd to the great confusion of the traffic and with no small peril to herself. It was pointed out to her that the pavement was the place for pedestrians, but she replied: 'I'm going to walk where I like. We've got liberty now.' It did not occur to the dear old lady that if liberty entitled the pedestrian to walk down the middle of the road, then the end of such liberty would be universal chaos. Everybody would be getting in everybody else's way and nobody would get anywhere. Individual liberty would have become social anarchy.There is a danger of the world getting liberty-drunk in these days like the old lady with the basket, and it is just as well to remind ourselves of what the rule of the road means. It means that in order that the liberties of all may be preserved, the liberties of everybody must be curtailed. When the policeman,say, at Piccadilly Circus steps into the middle of the road and puts out his hand, he is the symbol not of tyranny, butof liberty.You may not think so. You may, being in a hurry, and seeing your car pulled up by this insolence of office, feel that your liberty has been outraged. How dare this fellow interfere with your free use of the public highway? Then, if you are a reasonable person, you will reflect that if he did not interfere with you, he would interfere with no one, and the result would be that Piccadilly Circus would be a maelstrom that you would never cross at all. You have submitted to a curtailment of private liberty in order that you may enjoy a social order which makes your liberty a reality.Liberty is not a personal affair only, but a socialcontract. It is an accommodation of interests. In matters which do not touch anybody else's liberty, of course, I may be as free as I like. If I choose to go down the road in a dressing-gown whoshall say me nay? You have liberty to laugh at me, but I haveliberty to be indifferent to you. And if I have a fancy for dyeingmy hair, or waxing my moustache (which heaven forbid), or wearing an overcoat and sandals, or going to bed late or getting up early, I shall follow my fancy and ask no man's permission. I shall not inquire of you whether I may eat mustard with my mutton. And you will not ask me whether you may follow this religion or that, whether you may prefer Ella Wheeler Wilcox to Wordsworth, or champagne to shandy.In all these and a thousand other details you and I pleaseourselves and ask no one's leave. We have a whole kingdom inwhich we rule alone, can do what we choose, be wise or ridiculous, harsh or easy, conventional or odd. But directly we step out of that kingdom, our personal liberty of action becomes qualified by other people's liberty.I might like to practice on the trombone from midnight till three in the morning. If I went on to the top of Everest to do it, I could please myself, but if I do it in my bedroom my family will object, and if I do it out in the streetsthe neighbors will remind me that my liberty to blow the trombone must not interfere with their liberty to sleep in quiet.There are a lot of people in the world, and I have to accommodate my liberty to their liberties.We are all liable to forget this, and unfortunately we are much more conscious of the imperfections of others in this respect than of our own. A reasonable consideration for the rights or feelings of others is the foundation of social conduct.It is in the small matters of conduct, in the observance of the rule of the road, that we pass judgment upon ourselves, anddeclare that we are civilized or uncivilized. The great moments of heroism and sacrifice are rare. It is the little habits ofcommonplace intercourse that make up the great sum of life and sweeten or make bitter the journey.1. The author might have stated his ‘rule of the road’ asA. do not walk in the middle of the roadB. follow the orders of policemenC. do not behave inconsiderately in publicD. do what you like in private2. The author’s attitud e to the old lady in paragraph one isA. condescendingB. intolerantC. objective D supportive3 A situation analogous to the ‘insolence of office’ described in paragraph 2 would beA. a teacher correcting grammar errorsB. an editor shortening the text of an articleC. a tax inspector demanding to see someone’s accountsD. an army office giving orders to a soldier4 The author assumes that he may be as free as he likes inA. all matters of dress and foodB. any situation which does not interfere with the liberty of othersC. anything that is not against the lawD. his own home5 In the sentence ‘ We are all liable.. the author isA. pointing out a general weaknessB. emphasizing his main pointC. countering a general misconceptionD. suggesting a remedyCThe name of Florence Nightingale lives in the memory of theworld by virtue of the heroic adventure of the Crimea. Had she died - as she nearly did - upon her return to England, her reputation would hardly have been different; her legend would 5 have come down to us almost as we know it today - that gentle vision of female virtue which first took shape before the adoringeyes of the sick soldiers at Scutari. Yet, as a matter of fact, shelived for more than half a century after the Crimean War; and during the greater part of that long period all the energy and all the10 devotion of her extraordinary nature were working at their highest pitch. What she accomplished in those years of unknown labor could, indeed, hardly have been more glorious than her Crimean triumphs; but it was certainly more important. The true history was far stranger even than the myth. In Miss Nightingale's15 own eyes the adventure of the Crimea was a mere incident - scarcely more than a useful stepping-stone in her career. Itwas thefulcrum with which she hoped to move the world; but it was only the fulcrum. For more than a generation she was to sit in secret, working her lever: and her real life began at the very 20 moment when, in popular imagination, it had ended.She arrived in England in a shattered state of health. The hardships and the ceaseless efforts of the last two years had undermined her nervous system; her heart was affected; she suffered constantly from fainting-fits and terrible attacks of utter25 physical prostration. The doctors declared that one thing alonewould save her - a complete and prolonged rest. But that was alsothe one thing with which she would have nothing to do. She had never been in the habit of resting; why should she begin now? Now, when her opportunity had come at last; now, when the iron 30 was hot, and it was time to strike? No; she had work to do; and, come what might, she would do it. The doctors protested in vain; in vain her family lamented and entreated, in vain her friends pointed out to her the madness of such a course. Madness? Mad -possessed - perhaps she was. A frenzy had seized upon her. As 35 she lay upon her sofa, gasping, she devoured blue-books, dictatedletters, and, in the intervals of her palpitations, cracked jokes. Formonths at a stretch she never left her bed. But she would not rest.At this rate, the doctors assured her, even if she did not die, shewould become an invalid for life. She could not help that; there 40 was work to be done; and, as for rest, very likely she might rest ...when she had done it.Wherever she went, to London or in the country, in the hills of Derbyshire, or among the rhododendrons at Embley, she was haunted by a ghost. It was the specter of Scutari - the hideous 45 vision of the organization of a military hospital. She would lay thatphantom, or she would perish. The whole system of theArmy Medical Department, the education of the Medical Officer, the regulations of hospital procedure ... rest? How could sherestwhile these things were as they were, while, if the like necessity50 were to arise again, the like results would follow? And, even inpeace and at home, what was the sanitary condition of the Army? The mortality in the barracks, was, she found, nearly double themortality in civil life. 'You might as well take 1, 100 men every year out upon Salisbury Plain and shoot them,' she said. After 55 inspecting the hospitals at Chatham, she smiled grimly. 'Yes, thisis one more symptom of the system which, in the Crimea, put to death 16,000 men.' Scutari had given her knowledge; and it had given her power too: her enormous reputation was at her back -an incalculable force. Other work, other duties, might lie before60 her; but the most urgent, the most obvious, of all was to look tothe health of the Army.1. According to the author, the work done during the last fifty years of Florence Nightingale's life was, when compared with her work in the Crimea, all of the following exceptA. less dramaticB. less demandingC. less well-known to the publicD. more important2 Paragraph two paints a picture of a woman who isA. mentally shatteredB. stubborn and querulousC. physically weak but mentally indomitableD. purposeful yet tiresome3 . The primary purpose of paragraph 3 is toA. account for conditions in the armyB. show the need for hospital reformC. explain Miss Nightingale's main concernsD. argue that peacetime conditions were worse than wartime conditions4 The author's attitude to his material isA. disinterested reporting of biographical detailsB. over-inflation of a reputationC. debunking a mythD. interpretation as well as narration5 In her statement (lines 53-54) Miss Nightingale intended toA. criticize the conditions in hospitalsB. highlight the unhealthy conditions under which ordinary soldiers were livingC. prove that conditions in the barracks were as bad as those in a military hospitalD. ridicule the dangers of army lifeDHow many really suffer as a result of labor market problems? This is one of the most critical yet contentious social policy questions. In many ways, our social statistics exaggerate the degree of hardship. Unemployment does not have the same dire consequences today as it did in the 1930’s when most of the unemployed were primary breadwinners, when in come and earnings were usually much closer to the margin of subsistence, and when there were no countervailing social programs for those failing in the labor market. Increasing affluence, the rise of families with more than one wage earner, the growing predominance of secondary earners among the unemployed, and improved social welfare protection have unquestionably mitigated the consequences of joblessness. Earnings and income data also overstate the dimensions of hardship. Among the millions with hourly earnings at or below the minimum wage level, the overwhelming majority are from multiple-earner, relatively affluent families.Most of those counted by the poverty statistics are elderly or handicapped or have family responsibilities which keep them out of the labor force, so the poverty statistics are by no means an accurate indicator of labor market pathologies.Yet there are also many ways our social statistics underestimate the degree oflabor-market-related hardship. The unemployment counts exclude the millions of fully employed workers whose wages are so low that their families remain in poverty. Low wages and repeated or prolonged unemployment frequently interact to undermine the capacity for self-support. Since the number experiencing joblessness at some time during the year is several times the number unemployed in any month, those who suffer as a result of forced idleness can equal or exceed average annual unemployment, even though only a minority of the jobless in any month really suffer. For every person counted in the monthly unemployment tallies, there is another working part-time because of the inability to find full-time work, or else outside the labor force but wanting a job. Finally, income transfers in our country have always focused on the elderly, disabled, and dependent, neglecting the needs of the working poor, so that the dramatic expansion of cash and in-kind transfers does not necessarily mean that those failing in the labor market are adequately protected.As a result of such contradictory evidence, it is uncertain whether those suffering seriously as a result of labor market problems number in the hundreds of thousands or the tens of millions, and, hence, whether high levels of joblessness can be tolerated or must be countered by job c reation and economic stimulus. There is only one area of agreement in this debate—that the existing poverty, employment, and earnings statistics are inadequate for one their primary applications, measuring the consequences of labor market problems.1.Which of the following is the principal topic of the passage?(A) What causes labor market pathologies that result in suffering(B) Why income measures are imprecise in measuring degrees of poverty(C) Where the areas of agreement are among poverty, employment, and earnings figures(D) How social statistics give an unclear picture of the degree of hardship caused by low wages and insufficient employment opportunities2. The author uses “labor market problems” in lines 1-2 to refer to which of the following?(A) The overall causes of poverty(B) Deficiencies in the training of the work force(C) Trade relationships among producers of goods(D) Shortages of jobs providing adequate income3 Which of the following proposals best responds to the issues raised by the author?(A) Innovative programs using multiple approaches should be set up to reduce the level of unemployment.(B) A compromise should be found between the positions of those who view joblessness as an evil greater than economic control and those who hold the opposite view.(C) New statistical indices should be developed to measure the degree to which unemployment and inadequately paid employment cause suffering.(D) Consideration should be given to the ways in which statistics can act as partial causes of the phenomena that they purport to measure.4 The author states that the mitigating effect of social programs involving income transfers on the income level of low-income people is often not felt by(A) the employed poor(B) dependent children in single-earner families(C) workers who become disabled(D) retired workers5 According to the passage, one factor that causes unemployment and earnings figures to overpredict the amount of economic hardship is the(A) recurrence of periods of unemployment for a group of low-wage workers(B) possibility that earnings may be received from more than one job per worker(C) fact that unemployment counts do not include those who work for low wages and remain poor(D) establishment of a system of record-keeping that makes it possible to compile poverty statistics完形填空As children we start _____a natural curiosity about everything around us,and during thematuration process this curiosity can be stimulated,buffered or severely attenuated by our environment and experience.The future success of research in science and engineering depends ___our society recognizing the crucial role played by stimylation of mental processes early in life.Pattern recognition,analytical thinking and similar abilities need to be stimulated from birth onward.To destroy this natural curiosity or to attenuate the joy of discovery is the greatest disservice we do ____to the developing person.For those who reach maturity with their natural curiosity intact and enhanced by education,the joy of discovery is a strong driver of success.But why are so_____of our capable students pursuing the level of education required for a successful research career?Is it ______we have dampaned their curiosity?Have we failed to let them experience the joy of discovery?is it because too many of us currently involved _____the research enterprise have become disenchanted with our circumstances and therefore paint a bleak future for potential scienctists and engineers?Perhaps entirely different factors are ____play in the decision to not become scientists and engineers.We have too frequently portrayed science and engineering as professions that are all-encompassing .We have portrayed research as a profession that requires long and grueling hours in the laboratory to achieve success. We have ____to promote the excitement and exhilaration of discovery.We have not promoted the fact that it is not only very common____very reasonable to have a successful research career and an exciting and normal personal life.翻译：由小学到中学，所修习的无非是一些普通的基本知识。
2006年复旦大学考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Reading Comprehension 3. Cloze 4. English-Chinese Translation 5. Chinese-English Translation 6. WritingStructure and V ocabulary1．Official figures show that unemployment ______ in November and then fell slowly over the next two months.A．ploddedB．peepedC．plungedD．peaked正确答案：D解析：peak到达最高点；plod沉重缓慢地走；peep窥视，偷看；Plunge 投入，跳进，陷入。
2．The old lady was immediately sent to a nearby hospital when she ______ from heat stroke.A．passed awayB．passed offC．passed outD．passed by正确答案：C解析：pass out失去知觉，昏厥；pass away去世；pass off事情发生并完成，疼痛、药效等慢慢消失；pass by走过，经过。
3．Her spirits ______ at the thought of all the work she had to do that morning.A．saggedB．passed offC．saddledD．scored正确答案：A解析：sag向下凹或中间下陷；松弛或不整齐地悬着；sack解雇某人；saddle sb．with sth．让某人承担使人厌恶的责任或任务等；score得分。
4．Jack would rather his younger sister ______ in the same hospital as he does.A．workedB．worksC．to workD．work正确答案：D解析：Would rather do sth．宁愿，宁可，较喜欢。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-复旦大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题He was（）for his years of service to the company with a grand farewell party and several presents.问题1选项A.awardedB.rewardedC.wardedD.safeguarded【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。
award“授予，判定”；reward“奖励，奖赏”；ward“避开，保卫，守护”；safeguard“保护，保卫”。
句意：他因数年对公司的贡献而获得奖赏，公司为他举行了一个隆重的欢送会还有几样礼物。
选项B符合题意。
2.单选题It was very difficult to find the parts needed to do the job because of the（）way the store was organized.问题1选项A.logicalB.haphazardC.orderlyD.tidy【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。
logical “有逻辑的”；haphazard “偶然的；随意的”；orderly “有秩序的”；tidy “整洁的”。
句意：找到这个工作所需要的零件很难，因为商店摆放的方式很随意。
选项B符合题意。
3.单选题He （）outrage by calling the TV programmes “talking wallpaper”.问题1选项A.provokedB.evokedC.revokedD.invoked【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。
provoke “激起，挑衅”；evoke “引起，唤起，博得”；revoke “撤回，取消，废除”；invoke “调用，换气”。
句意：他称那个电视节目为“会说话的壁纸”激起了愤怒。
选项A符合题意。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-复旦大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题He （）outrage by calling the TV programmes “talking wallpaper”.问题1选项A.provokedB.evokedC.revokedD.invoked【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。
provoke “激起，挑衅”；evoke “引起，唤起，博得”；revoke “撤回，取消，废除”；invoke “调用，换气”。
句意：他称那个电视节目为“会说话的壁纸”激起了愤怒。
选项A符合题意。
2.单选题As many as 100 species of fish, some（） to these waters, may have been affected by the pollution.问题1选项A.unusualB.particularC.typicalD.unique【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。
unusual “不寻常的”；particular “特别的，详细的”；typical “典型的”；unique “独一无二的”。
句意：在这片水域有100多种鱼类，有些是独一无二的，已经被污水影响了。
选项D符合题意。
3.单选题He built a hut on a piece of rough land hear a rock fall. In the wet season there was a plentiful stream, and over the years he encouraged the dry forest to surround him with a thick screen. The greener it became the easier it was to forget the outside. In time Melio (not without some terrible mistakes) learnt how to live in spite of the difficulties up on that mountain shelf.His only neighbors were a family group of Parakana Indians who, for reasons known only to themselves, took a liking to Melio. Their Chief never looked closely at Melio and said to himself that this white man was as mad as a snake which chews off its own tail. The parakanas taught Melio to catch fish with the help of a wild plant which made them senseless in the stream. It gave off a powerful drug when shaken violently through the water. They shored him bow to hunt by laying tra ps and digging. In time Melio’s piece of land became a regular farm. He bad wild birds, fat long-legged ones and thin nearly featherless chickens, and his corm and sailed fish was enough to keep him stocked up though the wet season.The Parakanas were alwa ys around him. He’d never admit it but he could feel that the trees were like the bars of a prison: they were watching him. It was as if he was there by courtesy of the Chief. When they came to him, the Indians never entered his house, with its steeply sloping roof of dried grass and leaves. They had a delicate way of behaving. They showed themselves by standing in the shade of the trees at the clearing’s edge. He was expected to cross the chicken strip towards them. Then they had a curious but chiming habit of taking a pace hack from him, just one odd step back wards into their green corridors. Melio never could persuade them to come any closer.The group guessed at Melio’s hatred for his civilized brothers in the towns far away-They knew Melio would never invite any more white men up here. This pleased the Parakanas. It meant that traders looking for rubber and jewels would never reach them. Their Melio would see to that. They were safe with this man and his hatred.1.It is known from the passage that Melio wanted the forest around him to become thick because the dense leaves________.2.The Chief's comparison of Melio to a snake is intended to show that _________.3.Which of the following statements is NOT true?4.To Melio, the Parakana Indians seemed_________.5.It can be concluded from the passage that place described by the author was___.问题1选项A.reminded him of his house in the town far away.B.prevented the Parakanas from watching himC.helped him to forget the world he hatedD.protected him from being intruded by the white men in the town问题2选项A.he did not trust MelioB.it was unwise to go too close to MelioC.he believed Melio hated the ParakanasD.he thought Melio was out of his mind问题3选项A.Melio stayed on his farm for a number of years.B.Melio felt like a prisoner because he couldn’t escape being watched.C.Melio kept himself alive, during the rainy season by eating what be had in store.D.The Parakanas thought Melio lived there because he was looking for rubber and jewels. 问题4选项A.odd but hatefulB.strange but attractiveC.unhealthy but friendlyD.cowardly but sociable问题5选项A.far removed from civilizationB.impossible to cultivateC.the home of Melio’s Indian relativesD.wet all the year round【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:D第4题:B第5题:A【解析】第1题:文章第一段The greener it became the easier it was to forget the outside，树木越多，越容易忘记外面的世界。
2023考博英语真题及答案PART 1 TRANSLATION (Chinese to English )1.为了减缓交通，提高空气质量，北京公布了新的交通规章。
To relieve the traffic and improve the air quality, new traffic regulations have been issued in Beijing.考点一：减缓交通(relieve the traffic)考点二：公布(issue)2.有牢靠的证据说明，日光暴晒与皮肤癌之间有联系。
(evidence) There is convincing evidence of a link between exposure to sunlight and skin cancer.考点一：日光曝晒(exposure to sunlight)考点二：“皮肤癌”一词的翻译3.虽然他深知吸烟有害安康，但他对我们要他戒烟的忠告却置若罔闻。
(aware)Tough he is aware that smoking is harmful to health, he is always turning a deaf ear to our advice that he give up smoking.考点一：be aware of 的用法考点二：be harmful to 的用法考点三：对置若罔闻(turn a deaf ear to)4.科学家们不负众望，胜利放射了一枚人造卫星。
(live)The scientists successfully launched a man-made satellite, living up to peoples expectation.考点一：不负众望(live up to peoples expectation)考点二：放射卫星(launch a satellite)5.那场大雾直到11点钟才散去，延误了好几十个航班。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-复旦大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题In the movie he plays a loving and（）father trying to bring up two teenage children on his own.问题1选项A.sensitiveB.senselessC.sensualD.sensuous【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。
sensitive“敏感的”；senseless“愚蠢的，无知的”；sensual“感觉的；肉欲的”；sensuous“感觉上的，感官的”。
句意：在电影中他扮演了一个有爱而又敏感的父亲，他要独自一人抚养两个孩子。
选项A符合题意。
2.单选题As they entered the village shop, the old lady behind the counter ________ at them kindly. 问题1选项A.beamedB.glaredC.grimacedD.peeped【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。
beam at sb.“对某人微笑”；glare at sb.“盯着某人；怒视某人”；grimace“扮鬼脸”；peep at“偷窥”。
句意：当他们走进乡村小店时，柜台后面的老妇人朝他们友好地微笑。
选项A符合题意。
3.单选题What is so depressing about this war is the _____ hatred that both sides feel for each other. 问题1选项A.impartialB.implacableC.imploringD.immune【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。
impartial“公正的”；implacable“不能安抚的，难和解的”；imploring“恳求的”；immune“免疫的”。
复旦大学2011年考博英语真题Part ⅠVocabulary and Structure （15 points）Directions：There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on ANSWER SHEET Ⅰ with a single line through the center.1. He’s color-blind and can’t the difference between red and green easily.A. detectB. discoverC. distinguishD. determine2. As many as 100 species of fish, some to these waters, may have been affected by the pollution.A. unusualB. particularC. typicalD. unique3. In her bright yellow coat, she was easily in the crowed.A. accessibleB. identifiableC. negligibleD. incredible4. Some people find that certain foods their headaches.A. introduceB. triggerC. summonD. create5. The workers chose to their dissatisfaction in a series of strikes.A. deliverB. offerC. manifestD. indicate6. Living with a roommate constraint on her ----she couldn’t play her trumpet or have parties late at night.A. imposedB. illustratedC. impressedD. left7. I don’t know how to get there either ---- perhaps we’d better a map.A. noteB. markC. consultD. draft8. In the of recent incidents, we asking our customers to take particular care of their belongings.A. processB. companyC. lightD. form9. The police are doing all the can to bring those responsible for the bombing toA. evidenceB. hearingC. justiceD. rule10. The programme aims to make the country in food and to cut energy imports.A. self-confidentB. self-sufficientC. self-satisfiedD. self-restrained11. I think I’d like to stay home this evening going out as it is raining so heavily.A. better thanB. other thanC. rather thanD. sooner than12.The public can rest that detectives are doing everything possible to find the murderer.A. assuredB. approvedC. guaranteedD. convinced13. The child’s bad behavior is often more than a way of trying to his mother’s attention away from his sister.A. reflectB. catchC. deflectD. reduce14. The small building was marked with a modest brass ,stating the name and the business of the occupiers.A. plaqueB. plateauC. plagueD. plaster15. I don’t know what all the was about -----it was a dull sort of a film and there was almost no sex in it.A. controversyB. conversationC. discussionD. illumination16. I missed the last flight, and decided to stay the night at the airport.A. howeverB. thereforeC. moreoverD. meanwhile17. You could be many dangers by traveling alone in that area.A. subject toB. immune toC. sensitive toD. resistant to18. She chewed each delicious mouthful as slowly as she could, the pleasure.A. delayingB. prolongingC. insistingD. indulging19. The candidate has an impressively range of interests and experience.A. diverseB. vividC. mobileD. alive20. When I was sent to prison, I really felt I had my parents .A. let…offB. let…downC. let…outD. let…alone21. He outrage by calling the TV programmes “talking wallpaper”A. provokedB. evokedC. revokedD. invoked22/. The governments is trying to the people into thinking that a war is necessary.A. enlightenB. involveC. orientD. brainwash23. All the questions around what she had been doing on the night of the robbery.A. dissolvedB. revolvedC. evolvedD. devolved24. Make sure you’re him before you start sharing a house.A. synonymous with tB. compatible withC. subordinate toD. autonomous of25. She said that the treatment she had received in the hospital had completely her os her dignity.A. thrivedB. suspendedC. deprivedD. contrived26. She was unimpressed by the actor describing him as “a vain man and dull”A. intensivelyB. intenselyC. downrightD. actual27. down than the telephone rang.A. Not until I layB. No sooner had I lainC. Hardly had I lainD. Scarcely did I lie28.. I’m sorry I’m late---- I had a mental and forget that we would have a meeting today.A. aberrationB. perversionC. imbalanceD. sanity29. I ignored an old woman who asked me for money in the street yesterday and it’s been on my ever since.A. moralityB. conscienceC. moraleD. rationale30. He saw university as a community of scholars, where students were by teachers into an appreciation of different philosophical approaches.A. extractedB. deductedC. inductedD. conductedPart ⅡReading Comprehension （40 points）Directions：There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them, there are four choices marked A,B, C and D．Choose the best answer and mark corresponding letter on ANSWER SHEET Ⅰ with a single line through the center.(1)I am running down an alley with a stolen avocado, having climbed over a white brick fence and into the forbidden back yard of a carefully manicured estate at the corner of El Dorado andCrescent Drive in Beverly Hills, California. I have snatched a rock-hard Fuerte avocado from one of the three avocado trees near the fence. I have been told that many ferocious dogs patrol the grounds; they are killers, these dogs. I am defying them. They are nowhere to be found, except in my mind, and I’m out and gone and in the alley wi th their growls directing my imagination. I am running with fear and exhilaration, beginning a period of summer.Emerging from the shield of the alley I cut out into the open. Summer is about running, and I am running, protected by distance from the dogs. At the corner of Crescent Drive and Lomitas I spot Bobby Tornitzer on a bike. I shout “Tornitzer!” He turns his head. His bike wobbles. An automobile moving rapidly catches Tornitzer’s back wheel. Tornitzer is thrown high into the air and onto the concrete sidewalk of Crescent Drive. The driver, a woman with gray hair, swirls from the car hysterically and hovers noisily over Tornitzer, who will not survive the accident. I hold the avocado to my chest and stand, frozen, across the street. I am shivering in the heat, and sink to my knees. It is approximately 3:30 in the afternoon. It is June 21, 1946. In seven days,I will be 8 years old.31. The best title for this story could beA. SummerB. Killer DogsC. My Eighth BirthdayD. The Alley32. The main image in paragraph 1 is of a young boyA. climbing a white brick fencesB. snatching avocadosC. running with fear and exhilarationD. defying ferocious dogs33. The main image in paragraph 2 is ofA. Tornitzer riding his bikeB. exhilaration turning into horrorC. the 7-year-old emerging from the alleyD. the hysteria of the woman driver34. The story start with the feeling of and ends with the feeling of .A. joyful action…horrified inactionB. running…standingC. being alone…being with othersD. being alone in the open…shivering in the heat35 The phrase “shivering in the heat” (near the end of this passage) dramatically describes shock throughA. the use of minute detailB. the unexpected combination of hot and coldC. its implied reference to the word ‘frozen’D. the contrast of death and play(2)Analysts have had their go at humor, and I have read some of this interpretative literature, but without being greatly instructed. Humor can be dissected, as a frog can, but the thing dies in the process and the innards are discouraging to any but the pure scientific mind.In a newsreel theatre the other day I saw a picture of a man who had developed the soap bubble to a higher point than it had ever before reached. He had became the ace soap bubble blower of America, had perfected the business of blowing bubbles, refined it, doubled it, squared it, and had even worked himself up into a convenient lather. The effect was not pretty. Some of the bubbles were too big to be beautiful, and the blower was always jumping into them or out of them, or playing some sort of unattractive trick with them. It was, if anything, a rather repulsive sight. Humor is a little like that: it won’t stand much blowing up, and it won’t stand much poking. It has a certain fragility, an evasiveness, which one had best respect. Essentially, it is a complete mystery.A human frame convulsed with laughter, and the laughter becoming hysterical and uncontrollable, is as far out of balance as one shaken with the hiccoughs or in the throes of a sneezing fit.One of the things commonly said about humorists is that they really very sad people---clown with a breaking heart. There is some truth in it, bur it is badly stated. It would be more accurate, I think, to say that there is a deep vein of melancholy running through everyone’s life and that the humorist, perhaps more sensible of it than some others, compensates for it actively and positively. Humorist fatten on trouble. The have always made trouble pay. They struggle along with a good will and endure pain cheerfully, knowing how well it will serve them in the sweet by and by. Youfind them wrestling with foreign languages, fighting folding ironing boards and swollen drainpipes, suffering the terrible discomfort of tight boots( or as Josh Billing wittily called them, “tite” boots). They pour out their sorrows profitably, in a form that is not quite fiction nor quite fact either. Beneath the sparkling surface of these dilemmas flows the strong tide of human woe.36. The central theme of this essay is:A. There is little humor in old newsreel.B. Humor can be dissected like a frog.C. Humor is essentially a mystery, and because humorists are more aware of melancholy, they seem sadder than most people.D. Humorists need to compensate for the pain they have suffered.37. The main idea of paragraph 2 is:A. The author once saw a picture of the largest soap bubble ever madeB. The bubble blowing performance was a repulsive sight.C. Humor is fragile.D. Laughter is not a measure of humor.38. Why does the author feel that when humor is dissected, it dies in the process?A. The fun in humor lies in examining its contentsB. Humor must tantalize the senses on impact---if it has to be explained, it loses its effect.C. Humor is best enjoyed by people with scientific minds.D. A good humorist should explain his or her joke to make sure everyone understands it.39. The word “melancholy” in paragraph 3 probably meansA. joyB. sadnessC. hysteriaD. exhilaration40. In his final sentence, the author is evoking an image ofA. the oceanB. sparkling germsC. high tideD. flowing water(3)Every time an old building is torn down in this country, and a new building goes up, the ground floor becomes a bank.The reason for this is that banks are the only ones who can afford the rent for the ground floor of the new buildings going up. Besides, when bank loans someone money to build a new building, it usually takes an option for the street-floor facilities.Most people don’t think there is anything wrong with this and they accept it as part of the American free-enterprise system. But there is s small group of people in this country who are fighting for Bank Birth Control.This is how Huddlestone Hubbard, the BBC’s chairman, explained it.“whenever you see an old building torn down,” Hubbard said, “you usually see a candy store, a dry cleaner, a delicatessen, and possibly a florist torn down with it. These shops are all replaced in the new buildings with a beautiful glass, aluminum, wall-to wall-carpeted money factor.“Now from an aesthetic viewpoint, a bank looks better than a fry cleaner, a candy store, a delicatessen and a florist. But from a practical point of view, it’s a sheer disaster. If you want a newspaper, a candy bar or a chocolate milk shake, you can’t get it a bank. Nor can you run out to a bank for a pound of Swiss cheese and a six-pack of beer when have guests coming over.“A bank is great if you want to buy a car, but it’s useless if you want to have your dress cleaned.“And while a bank might buy flowers to give itself a human image, it doesn’t sell any when you want to make up with your wife.”“What you’re saying then, Mr. Hubbard, is that every time a bank goes up, something in all of us dies.”“Exactly. One of the reasons kids are getting in so much trouble these days is that there are candy stores to hang around anymore. When tear down a delicatessen, the tangy smell of potato salad, corned beef and dill pickles are lost forever. Unless you’re trying to make a loan, no one ever salivates in a bank.“It is true,” I said.“The situation is more crucial than anyone thinks,” Hubbard said. “at the rate they’re tearing down consumer stores and replacing them with banks, we estimate that in ten years it will beimpossible to buy a loaf of bread in the country. What good is it to get 7 percent on your money if you starve to death?”“Then what you’re saying is that it isn’t a question of not taking it with you. It’s question of staying alive while you have it,” I said.“Something like that,” Hubbard agreed. “we’re tying to get the public to wake up to e fact it’s better to have a store that sells screwdrivers than a bank that gives away alarm clocks.”“What’s the solution?”“A government decree that a bank has to supply the same services of the stores it tore down on the same property. If it’s a bakery, they have to sell cake, if it’s a photography shop, they have to develop films, and if it’s a dry-goods store, they have to sell warm underwear. If they provide the services of the stores they tore down, then we’ll let them do a little money lending on the side”.41. The central theme of the essay is:A. Practically every new commercial building erected today is owned by a bank.B. Banks are attempting to drive small merchants out of service.C. New banks are not assets to a neighborhood in spite of their attractive appearance.D. By occupying ground floor space in new buildings, banks are replacing neighborhood shopping conveniences.42. This essay is written in a tone ofA. humorous exaggerationB. humorous understatementC. serious angerD serious fear of the future43. The author talks about the “Bank Birth Control” group becauseA. it is the name of a real groupB. he hopes to become its presidentC. he is being humorous to make his pointD. he is inn favor of the author toward small neighborhood stores is that theyA. are dirtyB. are convenient and colorfulC. should be replaced by banksD. should become supermarkets45. The author makes his point by usingA. satireB. dramaC. romanceD. poetry(4)What if our society uses new-found technologies of “genetic engineering” to interfere with the biological nature of human beings? Might that not be disastrous?What about cloning, for instance?Cloning is a term originally used in connection with nonsexual reproduction of plants and very simple animal. Now it is coming into use in connection with higher animals, since biologists are finding ways of starting with an individual cell of a grown animal and inducing it to multiply into the same way in the future.But is cloning a safe thing to unleash on society? Might It not be used for destructive purposes? For instance, might not some ruling group decide to clone their submissive, downtrodden peasantry, and thus produce endless hordes of semi-robots who will slave to keep a few in luxury and who may even serve as endless ranks of soldiers designed to conquer the rest of the world.?A dreadful thought, but an unnecessary fear. For one thing, there is no need to clone for the purpose. The ordinary method of reproduction produces all the human beings that are needed and as rapidly as is needed. Right now, the ordinary method is producing so many people as to put civilization in danger of imminent destruction. What more can cloning do?Secondly, unskilled semi-robots cannot be successfully pitted against the skilled users of machine, either on farms, in factories or in armies. Any nation depending on downtrodden masses will find itself an easy mark for exploitation by a less populous but more skilled and versatile society. This has happened in the past often enough..But even if we forget about self-hordes, what about the cloning of a relatively few individuals? There are rich people who could afford the expense, or politicians who could have the influencefor it, or the gifted who could undergo it by popular demand. There can be two if a particular banker or governor or scientist---or three---or a thousand. Might this not create a kind of privileged caste, who would reproduce themselves in greater and greater numbers, and who would gradually take over the world?Before we grow concerned about this, we must ask whether there will really be any great demand for cloning. Would you want to be cloned? The new individual formed your cell will have your genes and therefore your appearance and, possibly, talents ,but he will not be you. The clone will be, at best, merely your identical twin. Identical twins share the same genetic pattern, but they each have own individuality and are separate persons.Cloning is not a pathway to immortality, then, because your consciousness does not survive in your clone, any more than it would in your identical twin if you had one.In fact, your clone would be far less than your identical twin. What shapes and forms a personality is not genes alone, but all the environment to which it is exposed. Identical twins grow up in identical surroundings, in the same family, and under each other’s influence. A clone of yourself , perhaps thirty or forty years younger, would grow up in a different world altogether and would be shaped by influences that would be sure to make him less and less like you as he grows older.He may even earn your jealousy. After all, you are old and he is young. You may once have been poor and struggled to become well-to-do, but he will be well-to-do form the start. The mere fact that you won’t be able to view it as a child, but as another competing and better-advantaged you, may accentuate the jealousy.No! imagine that, after some initial experiments, the demand for cloning will be virtually nonexistent.46. The central theme of the essay is:A. Genetic engineers are experimenting with cloning.B. The cloning of human could produce a privileged class.C. worries about the dangers of human cloning are ill-founded.D. Personality traits cannot be passed on though cloning.47. The author assumes that the readers isA. afraid of a nation of dictatorsB. worried about the abuses of cloningC..egger to put cloning to practical useD. ready to be cloned48. The author assumes that the reader thinks “immortality”A. frighteningB. unavoidableC. profitableD. desirable49. To hold the reader’s interest, the authorA. used quotations by famous peopleB. asks frequent questions of the readerC. presents many research statisticsD. tells many amusing stories50. The word “hordes” as used the passage meansA. swarms of fishB. large groups of peopleC. mountain rangesD. large fields of grainPaper TwoPart ⅢCloze (10%) Directions: Fill in each of the following blanks with ONE word to complete the meaning of the passage. Write your answer on Answer Sheet Ⅱ.A considerable amount of medical research is aimed at identifying risk factors for disease. The rationale behind this work is that where people are informed of their risk, they will happily change their behavior to lower that risk. 51 This is certainly a reasonable assumption, it turns out that things are not quite that simple and straightforward. First of all, health is not necessarily a top priority in everyone’s life and, for these people, changing behavior in the interests of health may interfere 52 other, more important matters. Second, the benefits to be derived 53 suchchanges rarely are immediate or obvious. Usually, improvements in health take palace over long periods of time and are quite subtle. 54 , we are all so bombarded with information about the thousands of health hazards to which we are exposed 55 most of us “tune out” much of this information. This latter issue is compounded by the fact that much of new information to which we are exposed through the media is exaggerated and, as often as not, is contradicted later by even “newer” information. For these and other reasons, simply knowing about a risk does not necessarily ensure that people will take appropriate steps to 56 it.57 when people want to change their behavior, this is not easy to do. For example, the overwhelming majority of smokers in this country want to quit, but 58 great effort very few are able to do so. Most smokers acknowledge, at some level, that health hazards associated with smoking and most wish that there were a simple and painless way to stop. 59 the number of people who want to lose weight is very large, but few of these people are able to do it and even 60 are able to maintain such weight losses.Part ⅣTranslation (20%)Directions: Put the following passage into English. Write your English version on Answer Sheet Ⅱ.我认为没有人不喜欢到处去看看：多看看他人，多阅他乡，不但可以认识世界，亦可认识自己。
