globalization

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全球化社会

优点:1 enrich the cultural lives of citizens

2 facilitate international communication and accordingly tourism

缺点

1 Undermine the cultural diversity in the world

In Chinese metropolis, it is a common sight that teenagers stroll down the billboard-lined sidewalks, sporting Nike sweatshirts and Adidas sneakers, with Nokia cell phones noted in their hand and Apple's Ipod clipped on their belts。

2 Give birth to massive unemployment

The inundation of foreign products drives local businesses out of the market and renders vast numbers of professionals jobless。

一 .全球化及影响

外来人口的增加有利于文化的交流

游客或者移民都具备经济利益和价值(commercial interest and economical value)很多当地人因此表现得非常好客和友好,有助于文化的交流(many local people are very friendly and hospitable, which promote the cultural communications.)对其他的文化和人民更为了解(a better understanding of other cultures and other people)改变人们对其他民族和文化的态度(alter one's attitude towards another people or culture)人们因此可以接受不同的文化和价值观(embrace different values and cultures)并促进对多元文化的理解(promote multi-cultural understanding)促进文化的融合(promote integration),消除文化障碍(remove cultural barriers)外来人口的增加导致冲突

违反当地的习俗会激怒当地人(breach of local customs can irritate the locals)不同文化的人看待同一事物总有不同的角度(harbor different perceptions)并给予不同的解释(different interpretation)比如对手势,衣服,言行举止有不同的理解:举止不当会引起当地人意想不到的反应(provoke unanticipated responses)外国游客增多会对当地环境造成压力,甚至破坏环境,移民增多可能会导致工作机会减少,致使竞争更加激烈,这些都有可能引起当地人的反感(cause resentment in local communities)

旅游业有益文化保护的论点

除了自然景观(landscape)之外,文化和历史是吸引游客去一个国家或者一个旅游景点(tourism site)观光的最主要原因(motivator ):旅游业和文化遗产相结合(integrate tourism and cultural heritage)为文化保护提供了经济支持(economical incentives)在文化领域提供了一些旅游选择(introduce the tourism options available with the cultural sectors)如博物馆,历史景点,活动和美食等(museums, historical sites,events and cuisine),游客会深入了解当地传统和习俗(get an insight into local customs and traditions )感受当地传统和艺术(experience local traditions, arts and heritages)从而更加尊重当地社区和周围环境(respect the local community and its environment),促进不同国家之间关于自然和文化资源保护的交流和对话(the dialogue over conservation of natural and cultural resources.)

旅游业导致文化破坏的观点(cultural destruction)

保护的一般是食物,时尚,节日等一些文化的表面特征(superficial elements of culture),将文化定格成表演者(freeze culture as performers)导致了文化,宗教,传统仪式,物质文化和语言的损失(the loss of culture, religion, rituals, material culture and language):将文化商业化(commercialize the culture ),破坏了文化神圣和独特的本质(erode the sacred and unique nature);

垃圾,涂鸦,破坏和噪音不断增加(increasing litter, graffiti, vandalism and noise),游客在没有被允许的情况下进入建筑物,神殿,神圣的土地(enter building,shrines, or sacred lands without permission),这都与当地文化相冲突,是一种文化侮辱(an insult to the local culture)

【真题】Nowadays we can enjoy the same films, fashions, brands, advertisements and TV channels. The evident difference between countries is disappearing. To what extent do you think the disadvantages overweight the advantages of this?

Globalization creates conditions for widening international exchanges, strengthening mutual understanding between nations, expanding cultural, educational, and scientific cooperation between nations and countries, enjoying

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