高考短文改错 第一章 名词讲解与练习学案(无答案)

第一章 名词
一、考点聚焦
名词是短文改错考查的重点之一，每年高考都有涉及。

在改错中名词还往往与主谓一致、名词的修饰语以及冠词等放在一起考查。

名词错用主要集中在一年几个方面：可数名词数的使用；可数名词与不可数名词的区别使用；名词作定语；抽象名词具体化；名词所有格的误用。

要在短文改错中准确辨别名词方面的错误，首先应对名词中容易产生错误的项目掌握清楚。

1、常考的不可数名词有advice, furniture, clothing, fun, homework, information, paper, sugar, work, fruit, harm, news, progress, traffic, trouble, weather 等。

这些名词前不能直接用不定冠词和数词修饰，而应该与某些特定的单位名词连用，来表示“量”的概念。

如：a piece of news/advice, an article of clothing/furniture
【例】It is a great fun to go skating on cold winter days. 2、单复数同行的名词要根据具体的情况正确判断出其单复数形式。

常见的这类名词有means(方式)，works(工厂)，sheep(绵羊)，deer(鹿)，series(系列)，species(种类)等。

【例】Every means have been tried, but he won't lose his heart forever.
3、可以转化为可数名词的抽象名词有surprise, knowledge,success, failure, pleasure, interest, joy, help, honor 等。

这类名词如果表示抽象概念，是不可数名词，但如果表示具体的人或事，特别是前面出现冠词、形容词修饰时，就变成了可数名词。

【例】He suddenly appeared on a rainy night, which was great surprise to us.
4、有些名词具有双重性，既可以做可数名词，也可以做不可数名词，这类名词可数与否取决于不同的意思。

名词
不可数 可数 work
工作 作品，著作 paper 纸 报纸，文件
fun 是不可数名，钱
不用冠词
time 时间倍数，次数，一段时光
light 光灯
chicken 鸡肉小鸡
character 性格（戏剧、小说中的）人物；符号5、大多数情况下做定语的名词用单数形式；man, woman 做定语时，修饰的是可数名词复数，则相应的变为复数形式；总是以复数形式出现的名词作定语时任用复数形式。

6、表示共有事物时只在最后一个名词词尾加-'s或-'; 表述各自拥有某事物时则在每个名词的词尾加-'s或-'。

【例】The nice room is Lily's and lucy's.
7、双重所有格表示部分概念，of 后需加-'s所有格或名词性的物主代词。

【例】Some friends of my sister will join us in the game.
二、基础演练
1.The instructor kept repeating the word, “Speed up!”“Slow down!”“Turn left!”.
2.They often get some informations from the Internet.
3.My uncle tells me that the key to success is honest.
4.We can broaden our view and gain knowledges.
5.The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me.
6.When I was a very young children, my father created a regular practice.
7.The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier.
8.Tony went to a shopping center with his parent.
9.Because three side of the classroom were made from glass.
10.We can do reading for one and a half hour.
11.He was tall, with broad shoulder and a beard.
12.We walked into the bar and ordered two coffee.
13.Therefore, taking a ten-minute break between class is definitely important.
14.There are around one hundred woman worker in this factory.
15.It took one and a half hour for the firemen to put out the fire.
16.Oxford is an old town which is about 60 miles from London.
17.Some passer-bys asked, "What on earth have you lost".
18.Father went to the doctor for advices about his heart trouble.
19.The statue of Liberty is one of the most famous monument in the world.
20.He has finished a day work in sis hours.
21.We all know that his father is a custom officer.
22.There are five deers in the zoo.
23.I'm sure I've made some progresses in my listening and speaking.
24.There is hardly any standing rooms in the bus.
25.He's getting married next month and decides to buy some furnitures.
26.There are many cattles and cows on his father's farm.
27.In order to buy a nice pair of shoes, he went to two shoes stores.
28.Fly spread diseases, so we should think of ways to get rid of them.
29.It is ten minutes walk from my home to school.
30.Now people get a lot of informations from the Internet.
31.Mr Green and Mr Brown are neighbours of my sister.
32.There's a paper's factory near our school.
33.His families are waiting for him.
puter are becoming more and more popular in the country.
35.This beautiful bike is John's and Dick's.。