财务报表分析外文文献翻译

财务管理专业毕业论文—财务报表分析利用财务会计信息外文翻译26907毕业设计(论文)外文资料翻译系别专业财务管理班级姓名学号外文出处附件 1.原文;2.译文2012年3月1. 原文Financial statement analysis - the use of financial accountinginformation.Many years. Reasonable minimum current ratio was confirmed as 2.00. Until the mid-1960s, the typical enterprise will flow ratio control at 2.00 or higher. Since then, many companies the current ratio below 2.00 now, many companies can not control the current ratio over 2.00. This shows that the liquidity of many companies on the decline.In the analysis of an enterprise's liquidity ratio, it is necessary to average current ratio with the industry to compare. In some industries, the current ratio below 2.0 is considered normal, but someindustry current ratio must be big 2.00. In general, the shorter the operating cycle, the lower the current ratio: the longer the operating cycle, the higher the current ratio.The current ratio compared to the same enterprise in different periods, and compared with the industry average, will help to dry to determine the high or low current ratio. This comparison does not explain why or why low. We can find out the reasons from the by-point analysis of the current assets and current liabilities. The main reason for the exception of the current ratio should be to find out the results of a detailed analysis of accounts receivable and inventory.Flow ratio better than working capital performance of enterprise short-term solvency. Working capital reflect only current assets and current liabilities, the absolute number of differences. The current ratio is also considered the relationship between the current asset size and the size of the current liabilities, make the indicators more comparable. For example, the current ratio between General Motors and Chrysler Motors Corporation. The comparison between the two companies working capital is meaningless, because the two companies of different sizes.Inventory using LIFO France will flow ratio cause problems, this is because the stock is undervalued. The result will be to underestimate the current ratio. Therefore, when compared to using the LIFO method businesses and other costs of the enterprise should pay particular attention to this.Compare the current ratio, analysts should calculate the accounts receivable turnover rate and commodity inventory turnover. This calculation enables the analysis of proposed liquidity problems exist in shouldReceived the views of the accounts and (or) Inventories. Views or opinions on the current ratio of accounts receivable and the depositwill affect the analyst. If the receivables I receivable and liquidity problems, require current ratio higher. Third, the acid test ratio (quick ratio)The current ratio is the evaluation of the liquidity conditions in the current assets and current liabilities. Often, people expect to get more immediate than the current ratio reflect the situation. The acid test ratio (liquid rate) on the relationship of current assets to current liabilities.To calculate the acid test (quick) ratio. From the current assets excluding inventory part. This is because of the slow flow of inventory, the inventory may be obsolete inventory may also be used as a specific creditor's security. For example, the winery's products to Tibet for a long period of time before sold. If you calculate the acid test (liquid) to including wine obstruct inventory will overestimate the enterprise mobility. Inventory valuation, because the cost data may be related to the current price level difference ...Section VI analytical screening proceduresAuditing Standards Description No. 23. Analytical screening procedures, provides guidance for the use of this procedure in the audit. Analytical inspection program goal is to identify significant changes from the business statistics and unusual items.Analytical screening procedures during the audit can run a different number of times, including the planning phase, the audit of the implementation phase and the completion of the audit stage. Analytical inspection procedures can lead to a special audit procedures, such as: Transverse the same type of analysis of the income statement showsan item, such as cost of sales during that period abnormal. This will lead to a careful review of the project cost of sales. The income statement vertical the same type of analysis by comparison with the previous saddle, can be found already for sale to the harmonious proportions of the amount of commodity costs and sales revenue.Accounts receivable turnover ratio and industry data comparison may show the typical speed of the accounts receivable turnover rate is far below the industry. This shows that a careful analysis of the responseto accounts receivable.4 and debt compared to cash flow has significantly decreased ability to repay the debt with internally generated cash flow is essentially dropped.5 aldehyde test ratio decreased significantly, indicating that the ability to repay current liabilities with current assets other than inventory outside is essentially droppedWhen the auditors found that the report or an important trend thanthe string, the next procedure should be carried out to determine whythis trend. This study (survey) can often lead to important discoveries.......Section VI analytical screening proceduresAuditing Standards Description No. 23. Analytical screening procedures, provides guidance for the use of this procedure in the audit. Analytical inspection program goal is to identify significant changes from the business statistics andunusual items.Analytical screening procedures during the audit can run a different number of times, including the planning phase, the audit of the implementation phase and the completion of the audit stage. Analytical inspection procedures can lead to a special audit procedures, such as: Transverse the same type of analysis of the income statement showsan item, such as cost of sales during that period abnormal. This will lead to a careful review of the project cost of sales. The income statement vertical the same type of analysis by comparison with the previous saddle, can be found already for sale to the harmonious proportions of the amount of commodity costs and sales revenue.Accounts receivable turnover ratio and industry data comparison may show the typical speed of the accounts receivable turnover rate is far below the industry. This shows that a careful analysis of the responseto accounts receivable.4 and debt compared to cash flow has significantly decreased ability to repay the debt with internally generated cash flow is essentially dropped.5 aldehyde test ratio decreased significantly, indicating that the ability to repay current liabilities with current assets other than inventory outside is essentially droppedWhen the auditors found that the report or an important trend thanthe string, the next procedure should be carried out to determine whythis trend. This study (survey) can often lead to important discoveries.2. 译文财务报表分析——利用财务会计信息。

第1篇Executive SummaryThis analysis aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the financial performance of XYZ Corporation over the past fiscal year. By examining the financial statements, including the balance sheet, income statement, and cash flow statement, we can gain insights into the company's profitability, liquidity, solvency, and overall financial health. This report will be presented in both English and Chinese, with key findings and conclusions translated for clarity.I. IntroductionXYZ Corporation, a leading company in the technology industry, has released its financial report for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2022. The report provides a detailed account of the company's financial activities, performance, and position during the period. This analysis will focus on the key financial indicators and ratios, highlighting the company's strengths and weaknesses, and offering recommendations for improvement.II. Financial Statements AnalysisA. Balance SheetThe balance sheet provides a snapshot of the company's financialposition at a specific point in time. The following analysis will focus on the key components of the balance sheet:1. Assets: XYZ Corporation's total assets increased by 15% from the previous fiscal year, driven by a 20% growth in current assets and a 10% increase in non-current assets. This indicates that the company has been successful in expanding its asset base.2. Liabilities: The total liabilities of XYZ Corporation also increased by 12%, with current liabilities growing by 15% and non-currentliabilities by 10%. This suggests that the company has taken on additional debt to finance its growth.3. Equity: The equity of XYZ Corporation increased by 18% over thefiscal year, reflecting the company's profitability and reinvestment in the business.B. Income StatementThe income statement shows the company's revenue, expenses, and net income over a specific period. The following points highlight the key aspects of the income statement:1. Revenue: XYZ Corporation's revenue increased by 20% from the previous fiscal year, driven by strong sales in the technology sector.2. Expenses: The company's expenses increased by 15%, with cost of goods sold (COGS) increasing by 18% and selling, general, and administrative expenses (SG&A) increasing by 12%. This indicates that the company has been able to control its cost of goods sold but has experienced some increases in SG&A expenses.3. Net Income: XYZ Corporation's net income increased by 25% over the fiscal year, reflecting the company's strong operational performance.C. Cash Flow StatementThe cash flow statement provides insights into the company's cashinflows and outflows. The following analysis focuses on the key components of the cash flow statement:1. Operating Cash Flow: XYZ Corporation's operating cash flow increased by 30% over the fiscal year, indicating strong cash-generating capabilities.2. Investing Cash Flow: The company's investing cash flow decreased by 5%, primarily due to lower capital expenditures.3. Financing Cash Flow: Financing cash flow increased by 20%, driven by higher dividends paid to shareholders and an increase in long-term debt.III. Financial Ratios AnalysisA. Liquidity Ratios1. Current Ratio: XYZ Corporation's current ratio increased from 1.5 to 1.8, indicating improved short-term liquidity.2. Quick Ratio: The quick ratio improved from 1.2 to 1.5, suggestingthat the company has a strong ability to meet its short-term obligations.B. Solvency Ratios1. Debt-to-Equity Ratio: The debt-to-equity ratio decreased from 1.2 to 1.0, indicating a more conservative financial structure.2. Interest Coverage Ratio: The interest coverage ratio improved from 5.0 to 6.0, reflecting the company's ability to cover its interest expenses.C. Profitability Ratios1. Gross Profit Margin: The gross profit margin remained stable at 40%, indicating efficient cost management.2. Net Profit Margin: The net profit margin increased from 15% to 20%, reflecting the company's improved profitability.IV. ConclusionXYZ Corporation has demonstrated strong financial performance over the past fiscal year, with significant growth in revenue, net income, and operating cash flow. The company's liquidity and solvency ratios are also healthy, indicating a strong financial position. However, there are areas of concern, such as the increase in SG&A expenses and the need to manage long-term debt.V. Recommendations1. Cost Control: XYZ Corporation should focus on managing SG&A expenses to improve profitability.2. Debt Management: The company should consider strategies to manage long-term debt, such as refinancing or paying down existing debt.3. Investment in Research and Development: Investing in research and development can help the company stay competitive in the technology industry.VI. 中文摘要本报告旨在全面分析XYZ公司过去一个财年的财务表现。

现金流量报表分析外文翻译文献(文档含中英文对照即英文原文和中文翻译)Quantitative Analysis of the Target Related to Cash Flow StatementWith the example of the trend analysis method applied to the cash flow statement, the authors study the quantitative analysis method of the target related to cash flow statement. So the statement user can knows the current and previous financial condition in the enterprises, correctly evaluate the current and future abilities to pay and repay, find out the problems in financial affairs, and scientifically calculate the future financial conditions. An adequate, efficient basis is provided for scientific decision.1 IntroductionIt was America that first decided to replace statement of changes in financial position with cash flow statement. Afterwards, U.K., Australia, Canada and many other countries and areas followed. To emphasize cash flow statement and overcome the shortcomings of statement of changes in financial position, in January, 1987, FASB in America promulgated financial accounting standards announcement No. 95《Cash Flow Statement》.It requires enterprise to replace the statement of changes in financial position with cash flow statement from July 1988. In September, 1991, British Accounting Standard Board announced financial statement standard No.l 《Cash Flow Statement》too, demands all enterprises.Concerned with the requirements should prepare cash flow statement. In 1992, International Accounting Standard Board announced 《lnternational Accounting Standards No.l》，required to replace statement of changes in financial position with cash flow statement. So now "cash flow statement", "equity-debt statement", and "profit and loss statement" have preliminarily formed the new system of financial accounting statement in enterprise on the worldwide scale.2 Cash Flow Statement2.1 Contents of Cash Flow Statement and Its Compilation PurposeCash flow statement means statement of changes in financial position compiled based on cash and shows operating activities, investment activities and collecting capital activities of the enterprise on account of flow-in and flow-out of cash during a certain period, and shows allaspects of flow-in and flow-out of cash. It is compiled on the cash basis of accounting and belongs to periodic dynamic statement. The basic purpose of compiling cash flow statement is to provide the information of flow-in and flow-out of cash during a current accounting period to shareholders, creditors and other users of the statement to help them correctly make assessment of: ·The Capability of obtaining net cash flow during the future accounting period;·The Capability of repay debts and paying dividend;·The Capability of raising funds;.The reason for engendering the difference of net income and net cash flow; and,·Investment and raising funds activities affecting and not affecting cash during the current period.2.2 Components of Cash Flow(1) Cash flow-inThere are three chief types of economic services flow-in of cash: Reducing other assets except cash adding debts and adding shareholder's right.(2) Cash flow- outThere are three chief types of economic services flow-out of cash: Adding other assets except cash, reducing debts and reducing shareholder's right.2.3 Classification of Cash FlowCash flow within a certain period is classified into the following three types on account of the nature of operation service:The cash flow of operation activities, the cash flow of investment activities and the cash flow of raising funds activities.(1) Cash flow ofoperation activitiesOperation activities mean the main service of an enterprise and other non-investment activities or raising funds activities. It includes:Cash flow-in of operation activities:The input of selling goods and providing labour force; the input of loan interest, stock dividend and bond interest; other input of not belonging to investment activities and raising funds activities.Cash flow-out of operation activities:The cash of paying to suppliers and providers of labour force; the expenditure of salary; theinterest to creditor; the expenditure of tax on income and penalty.(2) Cash flow of investment activitiesInvestment activities mean purchase and selling of long-term asset and other investments without the cape of cash equivalent. It includes:Cash flow-in of investment activities: recovering loan; selling stocks and bonds issued by other companies; selling fixed assets and other productive assets.Cash flow-out of investment activities: providing loan to other enterprises; purchasing stocks and bonds issued by other companies; purchasing fixed assets and other productive assets (including capitalized interest of asset cost).(3) Cash flow of raising funds activitiesRaising funds activities mean the activities to cause the scale and structure of rights and interest capital and other loan to change. It includes:Cash flow-in of investment activities: issuing stocks., bonds and bill; gaining mortgage loans and all kinds of other long-term and short-term loans.Cash flow-out of investment activities: issuing stock interest in cash; repaying loans; preceding expenditure to creditor (including cash expenditure caused by extended long-term debt).2.4 Structure of Cash Flow StatementThere are two methods to compile cash flow statement: direct method and indirect method. The structure of cash flow statement compiled by the two methods is different. This article recommends the basic structure of cash flow Statement compiled by direct method and usually adopted by enterprises. The basic structure of cash flow statement is composed of three parts: Cash flow of operation activities. The data needed by this part may be found in B/S (balance sheet) and income sheet.Cash flow of investment activities. The information needed by this part may be found from the change of current asset account, but the true data need to be adjusted on account of income or loss in income sheet.Cash flow of raising funds activities which may be obtained by analyzing and computing the change of relevant current liability and shareholder's rights and interests account.Non-cash investment and raising funds activities which may be discovered in the supplementary statements to show all aspects of important economic activities.2.5 Compilation of Cash Flow StatementThe information that is needed for compiling cash flow statement includes: beginning balance sheet, final trial balance, other complementary data,etc. Cash flow statement is compiled on account of the original manuscript.3 Quantitative Analysis of Relevant QuotaQuantitative analysis of cash flow statement is to compare, analyze and study relevant data of cash flow statement so as to know the financial position of enterprise, find out the trouble in finance, predict the future financial position and provide the basis for scientific decision.The methods of quantitative analysis of cash flow statement usually include trend analysis, structure analysis, rate analysis, comparative analysis and factor analysis. This article only recommends trend analysis applied to cash flow statement.Trend analysis is an analysis method which forecasts future results by studying a number of continual periods''- financial statement, comparing relevant program's amount of money and analyzing the increase and decrease of some quotas to judge its trend. Applying trend analysis, the user of statement may know the basic trend of relevant program changes, judge whether this trend is advantageous or not and predict the future development of the enterprise.Trend analysis usually computes trend percentages. There are two types of trend percentages:It is illustrated by the cash flow statement of some telecommunication bureau. We compile cash flow statement gathered from 1995 to 1998 of this bureau on account of cash flow statements from 1995 to 1998 of this bureau (statement from 1995 to 1998 omitted). The form of cash flow statement and the data of this bureau in 1998 are shown as in Table 1:Table 1 Cash flow statement of a telecommunication bureau Enterprise：Year:1998 Unit: Thousands of dollars Cash flow Amount1 Cash flow of operationCash flow in:Cash from sales clients 85890Other operation income (12019)Sub-total -f cash flow in 73871Cash flow out:Paying suppliers (40 871)Paying interests (1 287)Paying other expenses (19 585)Paying income tax (2 546)Sub-total of cash flow out (25 119)Net cash of operation 48 7522 Cash flow of investmentCash flow in:Recovery of cash from investment 68 000Recovery of cash relate to 18 500investment activitiesSub-total of cash flow in 86 500Cash flow out:Equipment purchasing (66 676)Sub- total of cash flow out (66 676)Net cash of investment 19 8243 Cash flow of raising fundsCash flow in:Cash from loan 36 220Cash accepting rights and interests 15 081Sub-total of cash flow in 51 301Cash flow out:Cash repayed for debts (16 254)Sub- total of cash flow out (16 254)Net cash of raising funds 35 0474 Effects of exchange fluctuations on cash5 Net increased cash flow 103 623The article only cites the data from 1995 to 1998 to compute the trend percentage by the trend analysis method.Table 2 The total cash flow statementEnterprise: Unit: Thousands of dollars Cash flow 1995 1996 1997 1998 Cash income 187 500 203 136 207 752 211 672 Among: cash m- 68 465 70 125 71 532 73 871 come of operationCash income of 40 680 65 421 76 345 86 500 investmentCash income of 78 355 67 590 59 875 51 301 raising fundsCash expenditure 62 233 79 765 91 815 108 049 including:Cash expenditure 15 908 19 880 22 905 25 119 of operationCash expenditure 32 905 40 895 54 690 66 676 of investmentCash expenditure 13 420 18 990 14 220 16 254Of raising fundsThe data come from the annual accountant statements from 1995 to 1997(omitted).We can compute the constant relative with the year- of 1995 as the base period, see Table 3, and Link relative with previous year as the base period, see Table 4, on account of the total cash flow statement from 1995 to 1998 of this telecommunication bureau.From Table 3, we can conclude that cash flow of the enterprise continuously increases. Cash flow in 1998 was 12.89 percent more than that in 1995，among which the increase of cash income of operation activities was faster than that of general cash income and was 7.90 percent. Cash income of investment activities increases doubly and up to 112.64 percent, which showsthe previous investment gradually expires and then cash income of investment activities increases; but cash income of raising funds activities doesn't increase, on the contrary, 34.53 percent less than that in 1995, which shows the dependence on raising funds gradually reduces. Cash expenditure also gradually increases and cash expenditure in 1998 was 73.62 percent more than that in 1995, among which cash expenditure of investment activities increased by 57.90 percent, which is slower than the general cash flow. Cash expenditure of investment activities increased by 102.63 percent, which shows cash expenditure of investment activities in 1998 was double that in 1995 and the enterprise strengthens investment. Cash expenditure of raising funds activities has increased by 21.09 percent, which shows a huge amount of loans still don't expire or the enterprise does not issue dividends (or distribute interests) to investors.Table 3 Comparison of constant relative index_______________________________________________________________________________ Cash flow 1995 1996 1997 1998(percent) (percent) (percent) (percent) Cash income 100 108.34 110.80 112.89Among: cash incomeof operation 100 102.42 104.48 107.90Cash income ofInvestment 100 160.82 187.67 212.64Cash income ofraising funds 100 86.26 76.42 65.47Cash expenditureincluding: 100 128.17 147.53 173.62Cash expenditure ofOperation 100 124.97 143.98 157.90 Cash expenditure ofInvestment 100 124.28 166.21 202.63 Cash expenditure ofraising funds 100 141.51 105.96 121.09_______________________________________________________________________________Table 4 Comparison of link-relative quota_______________________________________________________________________________ Cash flow 1995 1996 1997 1998(percent) (percent) (percent) (percent) Cash income 100 108.34 102.27 101.89 Cash income ofOperation 100 102.42 102.01 103.27 Cash income ofVestment 100 160.82 116.70 113.30 Cash income ofraising funds 100 86.26 88.59 85.68 Cash expenditure 100 128.17 115.11 117.68 Cash expenditure ofoperation 100 124.97 115.22 109.67 Cash expenditure ofInvestment 100 124.28 133.73 121.92 cash expenditure ofraising funds 100 141.51 74.88 114.30From Table 4, we can conclude not only cash income of enterprise increases continuously, but also its increase speed increases progressively. The increase speed of cash income ofoperation activities and investment activities basically reduce progressively, but cash income of raising funds activities shows a negative increase. Cash expenditure of enterprise also increases progressively, whose speed is basically smooth and steady. Cash expenditure of operationactivities reduces progressively, the increase speed of cash expenditure of investment activities in 1997 was higher than that in 1996. But that in 1998 was lower than that in 1997. Cash expenditure of raising funds activities in 1997 cut down faster than in 1996, but that in 1998 rose again after a fall.4 Trend Forecast AnalysisThe so-called trend forecast analysis means to use regression analysis method, exponential smooth method and so on to analyze and forecast the statement of financial data, analyze its development trend, and this possible development result on this basis.Trend Analysis also includes trend forecast analysis usually with trend linear equation applies.The equation is: y=a+bxWhere a and b are constant, and x is the period coefficient value which is decided by distribution and made ∑x=0 .For ∑ x=0，the distribution value makes little difference whether the number of the period is odd or even.When the number of the period is odd, x may be decided as follows:_______________________________________________________________________________ 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 x= -2 -1 0 1 2When the number of the period is even, x may be decided as follow:_______________________________________________________________________________ 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 x = -10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 _______________________________________________________________________________ 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 x = +1 +2 +3 +4 +5 +6 +7 +8 +9 +10The constants a and b may be decided by following formula:2n xy b n x =∑∑ y a n =∑The data are obtained from accountant statements from 1979 to 1998 of the telecommunication bureau (accountant statements from 1979 to 1994 omitted).Cash income of operation activities of a telecommunication bureau:Unit: Thousands of dollars Cash flow 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983Cash income ofoperation activities 26 000 28 753 29 875 31 080 35 780Unit: Thousands of dollars Cash flow 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988Cash income ofoperation activities 43123 45 389 47 100 48 200 49 318Unit: Thousands of dollarsCash flow 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 Cash income ofoperation activities 50 897 52 310 55 432 58 765 60 581Unit: Thousands of dollarsCash flow 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 Cash income ofoperation activities 65 300 68 465 70 125 71 532 73 871SO:y a n =∑=26 00028 75368 4657012571532738711011896202020++⋯++++= =50 594.8 Thousands of dollars 2n xyb n x =∑∑=()()()222220*10*260009*71 53210*73 871 1 800 12577020*[109910-+⋯++⎡⎤⎣⎦=-+-+⋯++ =2 337.82 Thousands of dollarsthen the forecast trend equation is:y =50 594.8+2 337.82xif the enterprise wants to forecast cash income of operation activities in 1999, then:y =50 594.8+2 337.82*11=76 310.82 Thousands of dollars5 ConclusionBy quantitative analysis of cash flow statement, we can conclude the trend analysis is an analysis method which forecasts the future result by studying a number of continual periods' financial statements, comparing the amount of relevant programs and analyzing the increase and decrease of some quotas to judge its trend. Applying trend analysis, the user of statement may know the basic trend of relevant program changes, judge whether this trend is advantageous or not and predict the future development of the enterprise.Joe Johnson and Larry Brown 1999. “Analysis of cash flow statement” the cap journal; October译文：对现金流量报表相关目标的量化分析本文以适用于现金流量表的趋势的分析方法为例子，通过用定量分析法研究与现金流量表相关的目标。

财务报表舞弊上市公司会计舞弊外文文献翻译文献出处：Amara I, Amar A B, Jarboui A. Detection of Fraud in Financial Statements: French Companies as a Case Study[J]. International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Sciences, 2013, 3(3): 40-51.翻译后中文字数：7240第一部分为译文，第二部分为原文。

默认格式：中文五号宋体，英文五号Times New Roma，行间距1.5倍。

财务报表舞弊的检测：以法国公司为例摘要：本研究的目的是检验“舞弊三角”元素对财务报表舞弊行为的影响。

我们使用2001年至2009年期间的SBF250中的80家法国公司的样本数据，使用逻辑回归方法进行分析。

研究发现，对经理施加绩效考核的压力是导致财务报表舞弊的因素之一。

与财务困难（债务，流动性）和审计事务所规模等因素与舞弊无关。

关键词：舞弊，舞弊三角，压力，机会1.引言如今，全球经济经历了一系列金融危机，导致市场、投资者和舆论对公司账户的不信任。

在这里，只要强调一个事实，即安然公司，一家前美国的能源商品和服务公司，已经为所有社会伙伴造成了70万亿美元的损失。

因此，上述的借口带来了随之而来的经济危机，这种危机已经蔓延到全球所有新兴计划。

例如，广泛宣传的丑闻是Worldcom，Parmalat，Ahold 等的案例（Rezaee，2005年）。

当然，上面列出的财务丑闻不是商界信任危机的唯一原因。

影响经济的真正祸患无疑是“舞弊”。

所有的操作在一定程度上是固有的共同之处：它包括欺骗，违反了对社区造成损害的行为和法规。

正如Rouff（2003）所述，“舞弊是一种故意行为，其作者是一个真正的罪犯”。