Unit 11 TextInvented WordsNew words appear in English every day. Do you know how these words are born? Read the following passage to find various ways English words are invented.Scholars guess that English has about 600 000 words, but there are probably more. New words continue to come into the language at such a rate that no dictionary could possibly keep up with them. The old words which were born centuries ago in the Anglo-Saxon, Germanic and French languages make up four fifths of the English language. The other one fifth is made up partly of borrowed words and partly of three other kinds of words: words from the names of peoples and places; imitative words; and invented words.Ampere, volt and watt are all units of electricity, and they are named for the men who discovered them; Andre M. Ampere, a French physicist; Alessandro Volta, an Italian physicist; and James Watt, a Scottish engineer and inventor. Nowadays we all drink pasteurized milk, that is, milk which is clean and purified. Pasteurized gets its name from Louis Pasteur, a French doctor who invented the process for purifying milk. There are many words like this in the English language.There is no need to say anything else about these words, for they speak for themselves. You can probably think of many more.Then there are the invented words. English-speaking people have always made up words as it suited them, and they continue to do so every day. One kind of invented word is one which is made up of two other words. Dictionaries call this kind of word a compound. If you put "play" and "thing" together, you get the compound,whole words. Most prefixes and suffixes come from Latin or Greek, and each has a special meaning of its own. When we add a prefix before a word or a suffix at the end of it, we change its meaning. For example, the prefix re- means "again." If we add re- to "do" or "paint", we get two new words meaning "do again" and "paint again." Un- means "the opposite of" or "not." By adding un- to "happy" or "kind", we get "unhappy" or "unkind", meaning "not happy" and "not kind." The suffix -ness means "the condition of." "Happiness" and "kindness" are the conditions of being happy and kind. It is easy to see the meanings of unhappiness and unkindness. The word to which we attach the prefixes and suffixes is called the root word. In a word like unkindness the root word is kind.Some words, like astronaut, are made up entirely of Greek or Latin prefixes and suffixes. Astro- is a Greek prefix meaning "having to do with the stars"; naut- means "having to do with sailing." So, an astronaut is a "star-sailor." Other words can be root words, prefixes or suffixes, depending on where they come in the word. Remember, the prefix comes first, the root word second, and the suffix last. As an example, let's take the word "graph" and build several different invented words with it by adding prefixes and suffixes to it or using it as a prefix or suffix. Graph by itself means anything which is shown to us in pictures or writing. For instance, your teacher might want to keep track of your reading progress by drawing a graph of your reading test scores, or a businessman might draw graphs which show the ups and downs of his company's sales records. Now, by adding the prefixes and suffixes listed below to graph, we can make several new words. Notice that graph is part of aYou may have noticed that you can make even other words using some of these prefixes and suffixes without graph. "Biology" is the study of life. What do you think is the meaning of "biologic"? If the prefix anti- means "against," what does "antibiotic" really mean? There are hundreds of Latin and Greek prefixes in the English language, and the possibilities for inventing new words are endless. Every day, as we make new discoveries in science and technology, we invent new words to describe them. Many of these new words are combinations of root words and prefixes and suffixes which have already existed in English for centuries.Another kind of invented word is the nonsense word. Some nonsense words are used for a while by only a few people and then disappear completely from the language, never to be used again. Others, when they become popular enough and are used over a period of time, become a permanent part of the language. If enough people decide and agree on the meaning of an invented word, it is here to stay. Some examples of everyday modern words which probably began as nonsense words centuries ago are: bad, big, lad, lass, chat, job and fun. Linguists guess that these are nonsense words because they have not been able to trace them back to any of the ancestor languages. Just who invented them, and when or where remains a puzzle. Puzzle itself is one of these mystery words. No one knows where it came from.Lewis Carroll, author of Alice in Wonderland and Through the Looking Glass, was a great inventor of nonsense words. As a matter of fact, he created a whole language of nonsense. Most of Carroll's nonsense words are not used in English, except for "chortle." Chortle, Carroll tells us, is a cross between a chuckle and a snort. The word is formed by packing two different meanings together in it. The dictionary calls such words blends. A fairly recent blend, which, unfortunately, we hear almost every day, is "smog," a combination of smoke and fog.People invent nonsense words by combining certain sounds that just seem to fit the things or actions they describe. Often we make up words for anything which is basically rather silly. Spoof was invented by an English comedian some fifty years ago. It means "to poke fun at." Hornswoggle was used a great deal in the United States during the nineteenth century, and it means "to cheat." If a dishonest politician wants to hornswoggle the taxpayers, he invents a "boondoggle," which is a useless, expensive project which does nobody any good. Fairly recently someone invented the word "gobbledygook." When people talk or write using long, fancy words that really mean nothing, we call it gobbledygook. Unfortunately, many people use gobbledygook because they want to seem more important than they are, or because they don't really want people to understand what they mean or what they are doing. So, when the dishonest politician wants to hornswoggle the public with a boondoggle, he usually explains things in gobbledygook.When Lewis Carroll was writing his books the word gobbledygook had not been invented yet, but Carroll would have known exactly what it meant. Carroll loved to spoof or poke fun at people who used fancy, important-sounding words when simple language would have done better. In one part of Through the Looking Glass, Alice has a conversation with Humpty Dumpty in which Humpty Dumpty insists words can mean whatever he wants them to mean. Alice insists that this is impossible. If everyone did that no one would understand anyone else. The conversation goes like this:"But 'glory' doesn't mean 'a nice knockdown argument'," Alice objected."When I use a word," Humpty Dumpty said, in rather a scornful tone, "it means just what I choose it to mean －neither more nor less.""The question is," said Alice, "whether you can make words mean so many different things.""The question is," said Humpty Dumpty, "which is to be the master －that's all."The question is, just as Humpty Dumpty said, which is to be master. But Humpty Dumpty used words in an odd way, and that made him a master of gobbledygook, not a master of language. A master of language knows what words really mean, and where they come from; knows when to use big, important ones and when to use the shorter, equally important simple ones. Winston Churchill was a great British prime minister. He was also a great writer, truly a master of language. He said once, "Short words are best, and old words when they are short, are best of all."(1545 words) 译文：新造词英语中每天都有新词出现。
Reading in English is a great way to improve your English. Here are some specific suggestions for ways to use your reading to work on specific English skills. To get the most out of reading, it's important to know the difference between different types of reading whichinclude: scanning, skimming, intensive and extensive reading.看英语读物是提高英语水平的一个很好的方法。
接下来向你介绍一些英语阅读的小技巧。
想要发挥阅读的最大作用，就要懂得区分寻读，略读，精读和泛读。
Reading is an important part of learning English. This guide to how to improve your reading skills will help you improve reading by using skills you use in your own language. In other words, one of the best tips on improving reading is to think about how you read in your own language. Start by thinking about how you read different documents. How do you read the newspaper? How do you read novels? How do you read train schedules? and so on. Taking time to think about this will help give you clues on how to read in English - even if you don't understand every single word.阅读是英语学习当中的重要一部分。
Keys to Reading Course 2Unit 1 ReadingSection AWord Pretest1.B2.A3.B4.A5.B6.C7.B8.CReading Comprehension1.B2.A3.B4.B5.C6.CVocabulary BuildingWord Search1. assignment2. irony3. reverse4. accomplish5. assemble6. squeeze7. sensual8. fragment9. narcotic 10. adolescenceUse of English1Bob agreed to take on the leadership of the expedition.2The world was taken in by his fantastic story of having got to the Pole alone.3He took up his story after a pause for questions and refreshments.4That takes me back to the time I climbed to the top of Mount Fuji.5The members of the party took it in turns to steer the boat.6They took it for granted that someone would pick up their signals and come to their aid.Stems7proclaim: to announce officially and publicly; to declare8percentage: a proportion or share in relation to a whole; a part9confirm: to support or establish the certainty or validity of; to verify10affirm: to declare positively or firmly; to maintain to be true11centigram: a metric unit of mass equal to one hundredth of a gram12exclaim: to express or utter(something) suddenly or vehementlySynonyms1. adaptability2. purpose3.strained4.hold5.defeatClozeimportant second France student bilingualmonolingual serious means use difficultSection B1.F2.T3.T4.C5.A6.B7.B8.B9.B 10.T11.T 12.F 13.F 14.T 15.TSection C1.F2.T3.T4.F5.T6.F7.F8.F9.F 10.FUnit 2 MusicSection AWord Pretest1. B2. C3. B4. C5. B6. BReading comprehension1. T2. F3. T4. T5. T6. T7. T8. FVocabulary BuildingWord search1. folk2. capacity3. sensuous4. qualified5. abuse6. stuff7. mood8. clarity9. striveSemantic variations1. B2. B3. B4. B5. A6.BStems13compose: to make up the constituent parts of; to constitute or form14contract: to reduce in size by drawing together, to shrink15dispose of: to get rid of, to throw out16impose: to obtrude or force( oneself, for example) on another or others 17subtract: to make away, to deduct18deposit: to put (money) in a bank or financial accountSynonyms1. discriminating2. widespread3. compatibility4. clearness5. association Clozemusic form south danceinterest instruments voice rootsSection B1. F2. T3. F4. F5. F6.T 7 T 8. F 9 F 10. F11. F 12. T 13. T 14. F 15 TSection C1. D2. A3. D4. D5.D6. D7. D8. AUnit 3 GenerationSection AWord Pretest1. C2. C3. B4. C5. B6. C7. C8. AReading Comprehension1. D2. C3. C4. A5. B6. C7. A8. BVocabulary BuildingWord search1. lull2. associate3. client4. utterly5. certificate6. rags7. jerk8. foreman9. demanding 10. sentimentalSemantic variations1. C2. C3. B4. A5. B6. CStems19transmit: to send from one person, thing, or place to another; to convey20deduce: to reach (a conclusion) by reasoning21eject: to throw out forcefully; to expel22compel: to force, drive, or constrain23project: to thrust outward or forward24conduct: to lead or guideAntonyms1. hopeless2. disobedient3. weighty4. agree5. clearClozeactive girls skirts move raisedforce show fly hesitated planeSections B1. B2. C3. C4. B5. C6. C7. C8. C9. A 10.C 11. C 12. C 13. A 14. C 15. CSection C1. F2. T3. T4. T5. F6. F7. T8. F9. T 10. TReading Course 2 Unit 4Section AWord Pretest1.D2.A3.A4.B5.A6.C7.A8.B9.D 10. CReading Comprehension1.B2.B3.B4.B5.C6.A7.BVocabulary BuildingWord Search1. slanting2. equator3. amplifier4. vapor5. desert6. latitude7. atlitude8. monsoon9. drain 10. precautionSemantic Variations1.A2.B3.C4.A5.C6.AStems25division: one of the parts, sections or groups into which something is divided26evident: easily see or understood; obvious27individual: a single human being considered apart from a society or community 28sustain: to support from below; to keep from falling or sinking; to prop29visible: possible to see; perceptible to the eye29obtain: to succeed in gaining possession of as the result of planning orendeavor; to acquireSynonyms1. mixture2. eternal3.impact4.humidity5.remoteClozeradio incorrect predict misunderstandingunexplained happen up rightSection B1.B2.C3.A4.F5.T6.F7.F8.F9.T 10.C11.C 12.B 13.T 14.F 15.TSection C1.T2.T3.F4.T5.F6.T7.F8.T9.T 10.TUnit 5 WorkSection AWord Pretest1C 2A 3B 4 C 5 B 6 A 7 C 8 CReading Comprehension1-8 C A A C C BVocabulary BuildingWord Search1 intangible 2. crave 3 ego 4 attributable 5 stall 6 tool up 7 at stake 8. cram 9. forfeit 10. cornyUse of English30By the time I opened the can its contents had gone off.31I’ll go over how it works before you try it yourself.32I was told it would be repaired free of charge, but the man in the shop has gone back on his promise.33The book was so popular that there weren’t enough copies to go round.34His shop has gone out of business after making heavy losses.35The trade has gone from bad to worse and staff are being laid off.Stems1-6 BADAACSynonyms 1-5 graceful spontaneously oppose usual clientClozestaff maximize objectives participate potentialskills easier appointed specific commitmentSection B1-5 ACBFT 6-10 FACDB 11-15 CBTFTSection C1-5 FTFTF 6-10 TFTFTUnit 6 The African-AmericansSection AWord Pretest1. C2. A3. C4. A5. B6. A7. C8. CReading Comprehension1. F 2T 3T 4F 5T 6F 7T 8TVocabulary BuildingWord Search1. destined2. relief3. segregation4. boycott5. sit-in6. legacy7. chronicle8. assault9. plight 10. vigilanceSemantic Variations1C 2A 3C 4A 5B 6CStems1. evolution: the theory that groups of organisms change with passage of time, mainly as a result of natural selection, so that descendants differ morphologically and physiologically from their ancestors2. ascend: to go or move upward3. devolve: to pass on or delegate to another4. migrate: to change location periodically, especially by moving seasonally from one region to another5. export: to send or transport (a commodity, for example) abroad, especially for trade or sale6. condescend: to descend to the level of one considered inferior; to lower oneself Antonyms1. observe2. admit3. dismiss4. eulogize5. advanceClozeNominated raised immigrated earned roseAssignment position army autobiography speakerSection B1T 2T 3F 4C 5B 6D 7D 8D 9T 10F11F 12F 13T 14TSection C1A 2D 3D 4C 5C 6B 7D 8CKeys to Reading Course 2Unit 7 Greek StoriesSection AWord Pretest1.C2.B3.D4.D5.A6.B7.B8.A9.C 10.CReading Comprehension1.B2.C3.C4.C5. C6.D7.C8.DVocabulary BuildingWord matchripple a little wave on the surface of watermischief naughty behavior by childrenhospitality welcoming behaviorbillow a large sea wavespell delightful influencenymph a goddess of natureband a group of musiciansuitor a man wishing to marry a particular womanmortal a human beingwarrior a soldiercrafty cunninghostile unfriendlymerry cheerfultame not wildcontent satisfiedresume to take againgloom darknessdespise to look down on with contemptdismay a strong feeling of fear, anxiety and hopelessnessdusk the time just before nightSemantic Variations1-6 CAAAACStems36tendency: movement or prevailing movement in a given direction2. conservative: favoring traditional views and values; tending to oppose change3. preserve: to keep in perfect or unaltered condition; tending to oppose change37valuable: of great importance38available: present and ready for use; at hand; accessible39prevail: to be most common or frequent; to be predominantAntonyms1. forbid2. clarify3.sorrow4.remain5.concealClozename place arrows wandered powermischief won neglected celebrate expeditionSection B1-5 CCACD 6-10 TTFFF 11-15 TTBBCSection C1-5 CADBA 6-8DCCUnit 8 Attitude Towards LifeSection AWord Pretest: BACBA BCAReading Comprehension: CABBC BBBVocabulary BuildingWord matchastonishing surprisingconsiderate thoughtful of other persons’ wishes, needs or feelingspreach to advise or urge others to accept (sth. one believes in)strenuous taking or needing great effort or strengtharena an enclosed area for sports, public entertainments, etc.adversity bad fortune, troublebatter to damage, break, or cause to lose shapereverse the opposite, the other way roundpenetrate to see into or throughself-esteem one’s good opinion of one’s own worthdoom to cause to suffer sth unavoidable and terribleemerge to come out or appear from inside or from being hiddenblessing a gift from God or anything that brings happiness and good fortune mess up to get into disorder; to spoil, etc.devastating completely destructivecommon denominator a quality or belief shared by all the members of a group odds the probabilities that sth will or will not happenstack to arrange dishonestly so as to give oneself an unfair advantage motive to provide with a strong reason for doing sth.falter lose strength or effectiveness; weakenSemantic Variations: CBBACBStems1 prescribe to advise the use of a medicine2 description an account of a person in words3 terrain a stretch of land, with regard to its natural features4 subscribe to pay regularly in order to receive a magazine, newspaper, etc.5 territorial of a country’s territory6 extraterrestrial of or from outside the earth or its atmosphereAntonymsappear ready hide s skillful carelessClozeintelligent activities workout attitudeoff reducing seem asideSection BCCCCC TFTFT TTFFTSection CFTFTF TFTTTUnit 9 First AidWord Pretest1.B.2.A.3.C4.B.5.B.6.B.7.B.8.A.9.C. 10.BReading comprehension1.B.2. C.3. D.4. B/D/A/C.5.C.6.C.7.A.8.C/A/B/DVocabulary BuildingWord Search1.ambulance2.urgent3.emergency4.massage5.yell6.vein7.artery8.fracture9.blister 10.tetanusUse of English1.The government has come in for a lot of criticism.2. It’s hard to come to terms with the government’s defense policy.3. After retiring in 1980 he has decided to make a comeback to the political scene.4. The situation has come to the boil now that the government has to face a vote of confidence.5. The tax cuts announced in the Budget do not come into effect until next year.6. The miners came out on strike against the government’s privatization plans.Stems40solo: a composition or passage for an individual voice or instrument, with or without accompaniment41series: a number of objects or events arranged or coming one after the other in succession42isolate: to set apart or cut off from others43desert: to withdraw from, especially in spite of a responsibility or duty; to forsake 44peninsula: a piece of land that projects into a body of water and is connected with the mainland by an isthmus45exert: to put to use or effect; to put forth46insulate: to prevent the passage of heat, electricity or sound into or out of somewhere, especially by surrounding with a non-conducting materials47insert: to put or set into, between or amongSynonyms48give 2. stop 3. antiseptic 4. block 5. penetrateClozePedestrians adults declining avoid signals case impaired fatalitiesSection B1.C2.B3.B4.D5.A6.C7.B8.A 9.T 10.F 11.F 12.F 13.T 14.TSection C1.F2.T3.F4.T5.F6.F7.F8.F9.F 10.TKeys to Reading Course 2Unit 10 MarriageWord Pretest1.C2.C3.C4.C5.A6.A7.A8.CReading Comprehension1.A2.B3.C4.C5. B6.C7.A8.AVocabulary BuildingWord matchquotation a sentence or passage taken from a bookartificial not naturalanguish very great pain or suffering, esp. of the mindanniversary a day which is an exact year or number of years after something has happenedsuperstition a belief based on association of ideas instead of reason or factbouquet a bunch of flowersheed to give attention toescort to accompanyconfetti small pieces of colored paper thrown on weddingsconceal to hideconsent agreementasunder apartvow a solemn promise or declaration of intentionrites forms of behavior with a fixed pattern for a religious purposesermon to talk usually based on a sentence from the Bible and given as part of a church serviceUse of English49Will you please keep me company for a while?50I couldn’t keep a stra ight face when he told me of his plan.51The staff are going to be kept in the dark about the firm’s plans for the future.52I’ll keep an open mind until we’ve discussed it.53I’ll keep away from her until she’s feeling more optimistic.54Try to keep your head eve n if you don’t know what’s going to happen.Stems55briefly: for a short time; in as few words as possible56astronaut: a person trained to pilot, navigate, or otherwise participate in the flight of aspacecraft57abridge: to reduce the length of (a written text); to condense58fuse: to blend thoroughly by or as if by melting together59astronomy: the scientific study of matter in outer space, especially the positions, dimensions, distribution, motion, composition, energy and evolution of celestial bodes and phenomena60confusing: unclear or difficult to understand61abbreviate: to reduce (a word or phrase) to a shorter form intended to representthe full formSynonyms1. naughty2. divine3.break4.give5.seizeClozewrong dislike midnight standard homelife convinced meantime capitalSection B1.T2.F3.T4.F5.B6.C7.C8.D9.C 10.D11.F 12.T 13.F 14.A 15.C 16. BSection C1.T2.F3.T4.T5.F6.F7.T8.F9.F 10.TUnit 11 CreativitySection A Word Pretest1-5: B, A, A, B, A 6-8: B, A, AReading Comprehension1-6: A, C, A, A, C，CVocabulary Building ---Word Matchglow to give out heat or lightinstinctive (of ideas, behaviors) natural, not based on learning or thinkingexemplify to serve as examplefunnel a wide-mouthed tube used for pouring liquids into a narrow-necked container prelude a short piece of music that introduces a large musical workapplaud to praise by clapping one’s handsflash to shine suddenly and brightlyattend to to direct one’s interest and effort topotential the ability to develop, achieve or succeedimpulse a sudden wish to do somethingdoze to sleep lightlyevaluate to judge the value or degree ofresurgence a return to power, life and activitystuck unable to gosketch to describe roughlyUse of English62The Austrians made peace with Napoleon.63They couldn’t make out what the enemy were trying to say.64Seeing the enemy’s guns facing him made hi hair stand on end.65The onset of winter made things worse for the troops.66While they were on leave the sailors made the most of their freedom.67I make no secret of my loathing for war.Stems68accordance: agreement; conformity69disclose: to make known (something heretofore kept secret); to reveal70inclusive: including the specified extremes or limits as well as the area between them71core: the hard or fibrous central part of certain fruits, such as the apple or the pear, containing the seeds72enclose: to surround on all sides; to close in73conclude: to bring about a final agreement or settlement74encouragement: the act or words of encouraging75close: a cabinet or enclosed recess for storing linens, household supplies, or clothingAntonyms1. lose 2. horizontal 3. sterile 4. old 5. identicalClozename managed worked after feelparents computers playing to spend tradeSection B1-5: C, C, C, C, C 6-10: C, C, C, F, F 11-13: T, C, BSection C1-5: F, F, T, T, F 6: TUnit 12 TravelSection AWord Pretest1.A2.A3.C4.B5.B6.B7.A8.AReading Comprehension1.B2.B3.A4.C5.A6.A7.C8.BVocabulary BuildingWord Search1.halve2.purchase3.consulate4.fare5.discount6.resort7.monopoly8.principal9.carnival 10.boredomUse of English76They are putting on a version of “Cinderella” on ice.77The opening of his one-man show has been put off until he recovers from his illness.78I can’t put my finger on what it was that I disliked about the performance.79Put your previous failures behind you and think of what your next venture might be.80 A plan has been put forward to prevent valuable paintings being sold to collectorsand galleries abroad.81They tried to put pressure on the Arts Council to supports the newly-formed orchestraStems1.dictation: the act of saying or reading aloud to be recorded or written by another2.fraction: a small part; a bit3.indication: serving as a sign, symptom, or token of; something that is signified4.predict: to state, tell about, or make known in advance, especially on the basis of special knowledge5.contradiction: being contrary to; being inconsistent with6.fragments: small parts broken off or detachedSynonyms1. chief2. examine3. fame4. local5. soleClozefound trade famous spread discoveryidea support offered valued saltSection B1.B2.C3.C4.C5.B6.C7.B8.T9.T 10.T11.C 12.C 13.BSection C1.F2.T3.F4.F5.T6.T7.F8.T9.F 10.FUnit 13 ExaminationsSection AWord Protest1. A2. C3. A4. B5. C6. A7. B8. BReading Comprehension1. B2. C3. C4. A5. C6. BVocabulary BuildingWord Search1. assimilate2. presentation3. deduct4. reinforce5. statistics6. offender7. thwart 8. impunity 9. plagiarize 10. reprimand 11. crib 12. divisiveSemantic Variations1. B2. B3. A4. C5. C6. BStems82occupation: an activity that serves as one’s regular source of livelihood; a vocation 83broadcast: to transmit (a radio or television program) for public or general use 84captive: taken and held prisoner, as in war85capture: to hold; to occupy86abroad: out of one’s own country87perceive: to become aware of directly through any of the sense, especially sight or hearing88conceive: to form or hold an idea89broaden: to make or become broaderSynonyms1. thwart2. huge3. break4. obvious5. accomplishClozeadvantage meaningful disadvantages subject expressingreading unsatisfactory giving arise picture1. C2. D3. B4. B5.C6.T7.T8. F 9.F 10. T 11. T 12.B 13. A 14. BSection C1. F2. F3. T4. T5. T6. T7.T8. T9. T 10. TUnit 14 Intellectual PropertySection AWord Pretest1. B2. A3. B4. A5. A6. B7. C8. BReading Comprehension1. B2. C3. C4. B5. C6. B7. AVocabulary BuildingWord Search1. procedure2. variety3. multiple4. application5. promote6. diligent7. novelty8. judicial9. disclosure 10. stimulusUse of English90This cloudy weather is getting me down.91I would like to get this meeting over with as quickly as possible.92You won’t be able to get through to her what s he has to do.93His refusal to commit himself gets on my nerves.94Thomas and David get along very well.95One of these days I must get round to replying to all this correspondence. Stems1. densely: the quality of being packed or crowded together2. defense: the act of defending against attack, danger, or injury3. credit: an arrangement for deferred payment of a loan or purchase4. condense: to make (a liquid) thicker by removing some of the water5. incredible: too strange to be believed; unbelievable6. dense: difficult to see throughSynonyms1. rival2. final3. variety4. personal5. barClozebasis revised minimum addition works participated adopted conceptsSection B1. T2. F3. F4. A5. A6. C7. F8. T9. F 10. F11. T 12. T 13. C 14. B 15. CSection C1. B2. A3. B4. A5. B6. D7. A8. AUnit 15 LawWord pretest1. C2. A3. B4. B5. C6. B7.C8.CReading Comprehension1.T2. T3. F4. T5. F6. F7. F8. T9. T 10. TVocabulary BuildingWord Search96espionage 2. anonymity 3. extortion 4. prosecutor 5. sue 6. accuse 7. indict 8.plead9. testimony 10. verdict 11. probation 12 reverseSemantic Variations1. C 2. C 3. B 4. A 5. C 6. BStems97corruption: the act of being venal; dishonesty98pendulum: a body suspended from a fixed support so that it swings freely back and forth under the influence of gravity, commonly used to regulate various devices, especially clocks99erupt: to become violently active100bankruptcy: the state of being unable to pay one’s debts101dependable: reliable, trustworthy102interrupt: to break the continuity or uniformity of103independence: the state or quality of being independent104suspend: to cause to stop for a period: to interruptAntonyms1. frequently2. prohibition3. agreement4. disapprove5. fairnessClozeadmitted survey caught relatives vehicles admission threatened increase professional unskilledSection B1. D2. A3. C4. A5. B6. C7. B8. T9. T 10. T11. T 12. T 13. FSection C1. D2. C3. C4. B5. B6. D7. B8. DUnit 16 World War IISection AWord Pretest105A106A107A108B109B110C111C112AReading Comprehension113C114C115C116A117A118AVocabulary BuildingWord Search119raid120ordeal121wail122commuter123smash124neutral125devastate126armistice127disarm128grievance129puppet130appeasementSemantic Variations131B132A133B134A135C136BStems137spectator: an observer of an event138inspect: to examine carefully and critically, especially for flaws 139inspire: to affect, guide, or arouse by divine influence140respectively: each separately in the order mentioned141suspicious: arousing or apt to arouse suspicon; questionable142expire: to come to an end; to terminate143prospect: something expected; a possiblity144perspective: a mental view or outlook145spectacle: something that can be seen or viewed, especially somethingof a remarkable or impressive nature146circumspect: looking round on all sides watchfully; prudentSynonyms147huge148ultimate149conquer150deadly151disturbanceClosebase undetected took bombed fleetheart sunk lost declared troopsSection B152B153A154B155T156T157F158T159T160T161T162B163C164C165F166T167FSection C168F169F170T171T172F173T174F175T176F177TUnit 17 HousingSection AWord Pretest1.B2. B3.B4.C5.C6.B7.B8.DReading Comprehension1. T2.F3.T4.F5.T6.T7.T8.TVocabulary BuildingWord Search1. sociologist2. spontaneously3. hassle4. sneak5. fee6. jack7. spacious8. cozy9. crawl 10. customarySemantic Variations1. C2. A3. A4. B5. B6. AStems1. sensible: reasonable2. structural: of, relating to, having, or characterized by structure3. sensitive: feeling readily, acutely, or painfully4. consent: to give assent, as to the proposal of another; to agree5. destructive: causing destruction; ruinous6. construction: the act or process of constructingAntonyms1. attached2. helpful3. fixed4. limited5. displeasureClozeplentiful fire inexpensively room spread disastrous difficult uncomfortable Section B1. C2. D3. B4. D5. F6. T7. T8. F9. C 10. B11. F 12. T 13. T 14. C 15. ASection C1. A2. B3. D4. B5. D6. C7. C8. A9. C 10. AUnit 18 DramaWord Pretest1. B2. B3. B4. A5. B6. A7. A8. BVocabulary BuildingWord Matchsparse thinly spread or distributedbequeath to leave something, especially property, to another by willprecisely exactlyethics moral principlesproposition proposal, suggestiondisloyalty behavior of being not loyalfidget to move one’s body about restlesslywrangle to quarrel angrily and noisily, arguepresume to supposeturn down to refuseconversant familiarfurnish to put furniture, carpets, curtains, and other things into a roomdiscreditable shamefulsolicitor lawyerhire-purchase a way of buying goods gradually; installmnet planSemantic Variations1. C2. A3. C4. B5. A6. AStems1. chronometer a very exact clock for measuring time2. encyclopedia a book or set of books containing information on every branch of knowledge, or on one particular branch, subjects or on numerous aspects of a particular field, usually arranged alphabetically3. autograph a person’s own signature or handwriting4. chronic lasting for a long period of time or marked by frequent recurrence, as of certain diseases5. diagram a plan, sketch, drawing, or outline designed to explain how something works6. pedestrian a person who is walking esp. in an area where vehicles go7. calligraphy the art of fine handwritingl handwriting8. recycle to use againSynonyms1. show2. contradict3. exact4. refuse5. withdrawClozetypes difference focuses struggle decidesinvolves society human reformation Opposingprevail symbolizes。
大学英语泛读期末考试试题及答案1 ( 1 )(1 )George's case is not unique. In the last fifteen or twenty years, quite a number of men and women have chosen to drop out of the working world to try a different kind of life. Most of them are in their thirties and forties, often well educated, although all ages and backgrounds can be found among them. A variety of reasons have led them to give up their work and the security it provided. Some, like George, have given up a career that was demanding too much from them. Others couldn't stand the pressure and the competition. A thirty-five-year-old woman, who had a high position in her company, decided to leave when she found herself suffering from allergies that made her life miserable. She had two children and no savings; but even her anxiety about the future couldn't spoil her feeling of relief and her new peace of mind. Her health improved. She may never work again; if she does, she says that she will take small temporary jobs.Some people, on the contrary, have quit jobs that were boring or meaningless to them. An office employee who has been pushing papers (has been doing paperwork) for years may start wondering whether those papers are achieving anything. An engineer in a large company, aware that he could be replaced by any man with the same training, may come to feel unimportant as an individual. Such people leave their work in the hope of finding stronger interests and a sense of personal worth.There are also people who leave their work to fulfill an old dream, such as writing books, painting, sailing to remote islands, or growing fruit trees. An army officer left the service at thirty-eight to build doll houses, and another one, who had always been interested in archaeology,（考古学）did the same at forty-five to dig ancient Indian sites. His wife was delighted-instead of keeping house, she was going to satisfy her own dream of learning to make paper.But most of the men and women who drop out of the working world have no special interest and no desire to take up any occupation. They want only to enjoy their freedom, their independence, and their leisure. No more rushing to catch a morning train, no more commuter（通勤者）traffic, no more anxiety to please a boss, no more meetings, no more obligations to behave and dress according to the rules. This endless vacation does not necessarily bring happiness; many of those who have chosen it as a style of life admit that leisure, too, can become boring. But they still prefer it to their former existence(But they like it more than working for a living). The main problem remains the lack of financial security, for, with few exceptions, the "dropouts"（退出世俗社会的人）are not wealthy. And so they survive by selling their possessions, by borrowing from friends and family, and by taking an odd job(a small temporary job) now and then for a short time when it becomes absolutely necessary.Sam would never have understood their attitude. In the first place, he had never been unhappy with his occupation, and he had never felt any conflict between his work and his personal life. Neither had he ever dreamed of doing anything but selling groceries and chatting with Fred. And there was yet another factor. Today's dropouts can always find some small job to do when they are in need of money, or perhaps they can get unemployment compensation（补偿）from the government for a while. But Sam had lived through the 1930s, when work of any type was almost impossible to find. In those days a job, no matter how unpleasant or poorly paid, was a man's most precious possession. Losing it was a disaster; not looking for another one, a shame. As for not wanting to work at all, it was unthinkable, for society was not used to loafers（流浪者）then. A nonworking family man would have lost the respect of his friends and his place in the community of responsible men.George might have tried to explain to his father the new point of view, to tell him that people have a right to be free, independent, and to watch birds all day if they want to. But he would not have convinced Sam, for whom independence and leisure were luxuries that had to be deserved through hard work. Sam himself had enjoyed a vacation once in a while, and he had been happy to rest in the sun without his tie. But that was only because, having earned his fun, he could enjoy it with a good conscience（良心）.It would have shocked Sam to learn that those "shameless" people who choose to live in unearned idleness （懒惰）have a good conscience too.1. In the last fifteen or twenty years, people like George have chosento drop out of the working world because _____.A. they have earned enough money to spend for the rest of their livesB. they are not well paid at workC. they want to live a more leisurely lifeD. all of them have work that is too demanding2. After leaving her position the thirty-five-year-old woman felt _____.A. relieved and peaceful, though worried about her securityB. bored, without friends and companionsC. that she needed another jobD. the pressures and burdens of life3. According to the text, people would probably not drop out of the work force if they _____.A. often worry about their workB. work without any complaintsC. find it very easy to do their jobsD. don't mind being controlled by others4. According to Sam, a man's value lies in _____.A. reaching a higher position in societyB. enjoying full freedom and independenceC. working hard and having a good relationship with his communityD. earning money and sending his children to colleges and universities5. Which of the following statements might cause Sam and George to argue?A. To be either a shopkeeper or a geologist will give one satisfaction.B. Happiness can be obtained only through hard work.C. Dropouts live a happier life than anyone else.D. Dropouts live a miserable life if they have no financial security.( 2 )When young people get their first real jobs, they may face a lot of new, confusing situations. They may find that everything is different from the way things were at school. It is also possible that they will feel uncomfortable and insecure in both professional and social situations. Eventually, they realize that university classes can't be the only preparation for all of the different situations that arise in the working world.Perhaps the best way to learn how to behave in the working world is to identify a worker you admire and observe his behavior. In doing so, you will be able to see what it is that you admire in this person. For example, you will observe how he acts in a crisis. Perhaps even more important, you will be able to see what is his approach to day-to-day situations.While you are observing your colleague, you should be asking yourself whether his behavior is like yours and how you can learn from his responses to a variety of situations. By watching and learning from a model, you will probably begin to identify and adopt good working habits.1. The young people just graduated from school may not behave well in the working world, because _____.A. what they learned in university classes is not adequate for their new lifeB. they are not well educatedC. the society is too complicated to adapt toD. they failed to work hard at school2. In the last line of the first paragraph, the word "arise" means _____.A. bring aboutB. come into beingC. occur toD. cause to happen3. The best way to learn how to behave in the working world is _____.A. to find a worker and follow him closelyB. to find a person you admire and make friends with himC. to find a person you respect and watch carefully how he acts in different situationsD. to make the acquaintance of a model you admire4. In the last line of the second paragraph, the word "approach" means_____.A. means of enteringB. speaking to someone for the first timeC. way of coming nearer toD. manner of doing something5. The passage could be best entitled _____.A. "Learn from a Model"B. "Learn, Learn and Learn Again"C. "Learn Forever"D. "One Is Never Too Old to Learn"01级泛读期末试题(B 卷)1、fill in the brackets with the words given below the passage.Kenneth and Isabel were both South African –born . They got married in London . When they (1) by ship at their homeland ,their entry was barred when the immigration (2) found that Kenneth was (3) The offical began to (4) them . When asked about the reasons (5) their (6) , Kenneth simply replied that they came (7) because they were South Africans. The senior offical had to (8) them to proceed but he warned them that they would be committing a crime if they (9) together . This shows that the law in South Africa forbids a (10) between the white and the coloured .(3 )The first English window was just a slit in the wall. It was cut long, so that it would let in as much light as possible, and narrow, to keep out the bad weather. However, the slit let in more wind than light. This is why it was called "the wind's eye." The word window itself comes from two Old Norse words for wind and eye.Before windows were used, the ancient halls and castles of northern Europe and Britain were dark and smoky. Their great rooms were high, with only a hole in the roof to let out the smoke from torches and cooking fires.As time went on, people wanted more light and air in their homes. They made the wind's eyes wider so as to admit air and light. They stretched canvas of tapestry across them to keep out the weather.1. The first window was a _____.A. large hole in the wallB. hole covered with canvasC. slit in the wallD. slit with a piece of paper over it2. The word window meant _____.A. opening to look throughB. light givenC. windD. wind's eye3. The window got its name because it _____.A. kept out the windB. blew out the smokeC. let in more wind than lightD. let in mostly light4. In the ancient castles, smoke went out through _____.A. the windowsB. the doorsC. the chimneyD. a hole in the roof5. It seems true that the larger, canvas-covered windows _____.A. were not as good as the first windowsB. let in more light and kept out more windC. did not let any air inD. were as good as today's windows( 3 )It was once believed that a person was in great danger when he sneezed-people imagined that the soul could escape from the body at the moment of sneezing. "God bless you" was a prayer for assistance in keeping the soul where it belonged.The German word Gesundheit (good health) is a variation of this prayer; the Irish deiseal and the Italian felicita are similar prayers. The Hindus say a word that means "live," and when a Mohammedan sneezes, he praises God.The Zulus of South Africa, far from being afraid of sneezes, believe that a sneeze signifies a friendly spirit's blessing. Whenever a child sneezes, they shout "Grow!" hoping the friendly spirit that stimulated the sneeze will help the child grow tall and strong. The ancient Hebrews also believed that a sneeze was good-a sneeze indicates life; the dead never sneeze.The Japanese say that if you sneeze once, someone is saying good things about you; if you sneeze twice, bad things are being said about you; if you sneeze three times, you have caught a cold.1. People once thought that anyone who sneezed was _____.A. sickB. in dangerC. in good healthD. evil2. "God bless you" was said in order to _____.A. make children grow tall and strongB. insure good healthC. keep the soul in the bodyD. prevent someone from saying evil things about the sneezer3. Gesundheit is a sneezing prayer most like _____.A. the Zulu prayerB. "God bless you"C. the Japanese prayerD. a warning4. The Zulus believe that sneezing is caused by _____.A. a good spiritB. a bad spiritC. illnessD. children5. It would be reasonable to conclude that _____.A. many people say prayers when they sneezeB. a prayer keeps the soul where it belongsC. all peoples were afraid of sneezesD. the moment of sneezing is very dangerousGiven words:[A ] for [B] question [C] colored [D] returning [E] officals [F] arrived [G] marriage [H] lived[I] allow [J] back2、Choose the best answer to each question。
