On fractal distribution function estimation and applications

后验估计 a posteriori estimate先验估计 a priori estimate交流电子传动 AC (alternating current) electric drive验收测试 acceptance testing可及性 accessibility累积误差 accumulated error交-直-交变频器 AC-DC-AC frequency converter主动姿态稳定 active attitude stabilization驱动器，执行机构 actuator线性适应元 adaline适应层 adaptation layer适应遥测系统 adaptive telemeter system伴随算子 adjoint operator容许误差 admissible error集结矩阵 aggregation matrix层次分析法 AHP (analytic hierarchy process)放大环节 amplifying element模数转换 analog-digital conversion信号器 annunciator天线指向控制 antenna pointing control抗积分饱卷 anti-integral windup姿态轨道控制系统 AOCS (attritude and orbit control system) 非周期分解 aperiodic decomposition近似推理 approximate reasoning关节型机器人 articulated robot配置问题，分配问题 assignment problem联想记忆模型 associative memory model联想机 associatron渐进稳定性 asymptotic stability实际位姿漂移 attained pose drift姿态捕获 attitude acquisition姿态角速度 attitude angular velocity姿态扰动 attitude disturbance姿态机动 attitude maneuver吸引子 attractor可扩充性 augment ability增广系统 augmented system自动-手动操作器 automatic manual station自动机 automaton自治系统 autonomous system间隙特性 backlash characteristics基座坐标系 base coordinate system贝叶斯分类器 Bayes classifier方位对准 bearing alignment波纹管压力表 bellows pressure gauge收益成本分析 benefit-cost analysis双线性系统 bilinear system生物控制论 biocybernetics生物反馈系统 biological feedback system黑箱测试法 black box testing approach盲目搜索 blind search块对角化 block diagonalization玻耳兹曼机 Boltzman machine自下而上开发 bottom-up development边界值分析 boundary value analysis头脑风暴法 brainstorming method广度优先搜索 breadth-first search蝶阀 butterfly valve计算机辅助工程 CAE (computer aided engineering)清晰性 calrity计算机辅助制造 CAM (computer aided manufacturing) 偏心旋转阀 Camflex valve规范化状态变量 canonical state variable电容式位移传感器 capacitive displacement transducer 膜盒压力表 capsule pressure gauge计算机辅助研究开发 CARD直角坐标型机器人 Cartesian robot串联补偿 cascade compensation突变论 catastrophe theory集中性 centrality链式集结 chained aggregation混沌 chaos特征轨迹 characteristic locus化学推进 chemical propulsion经典信息模式 classical information pattern分类器 classifier临床控制系统 clinical control system闭环极点 closed loop pole闭环传递函数 closed loop transfer function聚类分析 cluster analysis粗-精控制 coarse-fine control蛛网模型 cobweb model系数矩阵 coefficient matrix认知科学 cognitive science认知机 cognitron单调关联系统 coherent system组合决策 combination decision组合爆炸 combinatorial explosion压力真空表 combined pressure and vacuum gauge指令位姿 command pose相伴矩阵 companion matrix房室模型 compartmental model相容性，兼容性 compatibility补偿网络 compensating network补偿，矫正 compensation柔顺，顺应 compliance组合控制 composite control可计算一般均衡模型 computable general equilibrium model条件不稳定性 conditionally instability组态 configuration[NextPage} 连接机制 connectionism连接性 connectivity守恒系统 conservative system一致性 consistency约束条件 constraint condition消费函数 consumption function上下文无关语法 context-free grammar连续离散事件混合系统仿真 continuous discrete event hybrid system simulation 连续工作制 continuous duty控制精度 control accuracy控制柜 control cabinet控制力矩陀螺 control moment gyro控制屏，控制盘 control panel控制[式}自整角机 control synchro控制系统综合 control system synthesis控制时程 control time horizon可控指数 controllability index可控规范型 controllable canonical form控制仪表 controlling instrument合作对策 cooperative game可协调条件 coordinability condition协调策略 coordination strategy协调器 coordinator转折频率 corner frequency共态变量 costate variable费用效益分析 cost-effectiveness analysis轨道和姿态耦合 coupling of orbit and attitude临界阻尼 critical damping临界稳定性 critical stability穿越频率，交越频率 cross-over frequency电流[源}型逆变器 current source inverter截止频率 cut-off frequency控制论 cybernetics循环遥控 cyclic remote control圆柱坐标型机器人 cylindrical robot微分控制器 D controller阻尼振荡 damped oscillation阻尼器 damper阻尼比 damping ratio数据采集 data acquisition数据加密 data encryption数据预处理 data preprocessing数据处理器 data processor直流发电机-电动机组传动 DC generator-motor set drive分散性 decentrality分散随机控制 decentralized stochastic control决策空间 decision space决策支持系统 decision support system分解集结法 decomposition-aggregation approach解耦参数 decoupling parameter演绎与归纳混合建模法 deductive-inductive hybrid modeling method 延时遥测 delayed telemetry导出树 derivation tree微分反馈 derivative feedback描述函数 describing function希望值 desired value消旋体 despinner目的站 destination检出器 detector确定性自动机 deterministic automaton偏差 deviation偏差报警器 deviation alarm数据流图 DFD诊断模型 diagnostic model对角主导矩阵 diagonally dominant matrix膜片压力表 diaphragm pressure gauge差分方程模型 difference equation model微分动力学系统 differential dynamical system微分对策 differential game差压液位计 differential pressure level meter差压变送器 differential pressure transmitter差动变压器式位移传感器 differential transformer displacement transducer 微分环节 differentiation element数字滤波器 digital filer数字信号处理 digital signal processing数字化 digitization数字化仪 digitizer[NextPage} 尺度传感器 dimension transducer直接协调 direct coordination解裂 disaggregation失协调 discoordination离散事件动态系统 discrete event dynamic system离散系统仿真语言 discrete system simulation language判别函数 discriminant function位移振幅传感器 displacement vibration amplitude transducer耗散结构 dissipative structure分布参数控制系统 distributed parameter control system扰动 distrubance扰动补偿 disturbance compensation多样性 diversity可分性 divisibility领域知识 domain knowledge主导极点 dominant pole剂量反应模型 dose-response model双重调制遥测系统 dual modulation telemetering system对偶原理 dual principle双自旋稳定 dual spin stabilization负载比 duty ratio能耗制动 dynamic braking动态特性 dynamic characteristics动态偏差 dynamic deviation动态误差系数 dynamic error coefficient动它吻合性 dynamic exactness动态投入产出模型 dynamic input-output model计量经济模型 econometric model经济控制论 economic cybernetics经济效益 economic effectiveness经济评价 economic evaluation经济指数 economic index经济指标 economic indicator电涡流厚度计 eddy current thickness meter有效性 effectiveness效益理论 effectiveness theory需求弹性 elasticity of demand电动执行机构 electric actuator电导液位计 electric conductance levelmeter电动传动控制设备 electric drive control gear电-液转换器 electric hydraulic converter电-气转换器 electric pneumatic converter电液伺服阀 electrohydraulic servo vale电磁流量传感器 electromagnetic flow transducer电子配料秤 electronic batching scale电子皮带秤 electronic belt conveyor scale电子料斗秤 electronic hopper scale仰角 elevation异常停止 emergency stop经验分布 empirical distribution内生变量 endogenous variable均衡增长 equilibrium growth平衡点 equilibrium point等价类划分 equivalence partitioning工效学 ergonomics误差 error纠错剖析 error-correction parsing估计量 estimate估计理论 estimation theory评价技术 evaluation technique事件链 event chain进化系统 evolutionary system外生变量 exogenous variable希望特性 expected characteristics外扰 external disturbance事实 fact base故障诊断 failure diagnosis快变模态 fast mode可行性研究 feasibility study可行协调 feasible coordination可行域 feasible region特征检测 feature detection特征抽取 feature extraction反馈补偿 feedback compensation前馈通路 feedforward path功能电刺激 FES (functional electrical stimulation) 现场总线 field bus有限自动机 finite automaton工厂信息协议 FIP (factory information protocol)一阶谓词逻辑 first order predicate logic固定顺序机械手 fixed sequence manipulator定值控制 fixed set point control流量传感器 flow sensor/transducer流量变送器 flow transmitter涨落 fluctuation柔性制造系统 FMS (flexible manufacturing system)强迫振荡 forced oscillation形式语言理论 formal language theory形式神经元 formal neuron正向通路 forward path正向推理 forward reasoning分形体，分维体 fractal变频器 frequency converter频域模型降阶法 frequency domain model reduction method 频域响应 frequency response全阶观测器 full order observer功能分解 functional decomposition功能相似 functional simularity模糊逻辑 fuzzy logic对策树 game tree闸阀 gate valve一般均衡理论 general equilibrium theory广义最小二乘估计 generalized least squares estimation 生成函数 generation function地磁力矩 geomagnetic torque几何相似 geometric similarity框架轮 gimbaled wheel全局渐进稳定性 global asymptotic stability全局最优 global optimum球形阀 globe valve目标协调法 goal coordination method文法推断 grammatical inference图搜索 graphic search重力梯度力矩 gravity gradient torque成组技术 group technology制导系统 guidance system陀螺漂移率 gyro drift rate陀螺体 gyrostat霍尔式位移传感器 Hall displacement transducer半实物仿真 hardware-in-the-loop simulation和谐偏差 harmonious deviation和谐策略 harmonious strategy启发式推理 heuristic inference隐蔽振荡 hidden oscillation层次结构图 hierarchical chart递阶控制 hierarchical control递阶规划 hierarchical planning内稳态 homeostasis同态系统 homomorphic model横向分解 horizontal decomposition内分泌控制 hormonal control液压步进马达 hydraulic step motor超循环理论 hypercycle theory积分控制器 I controller可辨识性 identifiability智能决策支持系统 IDSS (intelligent decision support system)图像识别 image recognition冲量 impulse冲击函数，脉冲函数 impulse function点动 inching不相容原理 incompatibility principle增量运动控制 incremental motion control品质因数 index of merit电感式位移传感器 inductive force transducer归纳建模法 inductive modeling method工业自动化 industrial automation惯性姿态敏感器 inertial attitude sensor惯性坐标系 inertial coordinate system惯性轮 inertial wheel推理机 inference engine无穷维系统 infinite dimensional system信息采集 information acquisition红外线气体分析器 infrared gas analyzer固有非线性 inherent nonlinearity固有调节 inherent regulation初始偏差 initial deviation发起站 initiator入轨姿势 injection attitude投入产出模型 input-output model不稳定性 instability指令级语言 instruction level language绝对误差积分准则 integral of absolute value of error criterion 平方误差积分准则 integral of squared error criterion积分性能准则 integral performance criterion积算仪器 integration instrument整体性 integrity智能终端 intelligent terminal互联系统，关联系统 interacted system互联预估法，关联预估法 interactive prediction approach 互联 interconnection断续工作制 intermittent duty内扰 internal disturbance不变嵌入原理 invariant embedding principle库伦论 inventory theory逆奈奎斯特图 inverse Nyquist diagram[NextPage} 逆变器 inverter投资决策 investment decision解释结构建模法 ISM (interpretive structure modeling) 同构模型 isomorphic model迭代协调 iterative coordination喷气推进 jet propulsion分批控制 job-lot control关节 joint卡尔曼-布西滤波器 Kalman-Bucy filer知识库管理系统 KBMS (knowledge base management system) 知识顺应 knowledge accomodation知识获取 knowledge acquisition知识同化 knowledge assimilation知识表达 knowledge representation梯形图 ladder diagram滞后超前补偿 lag-lead compensation拉格朗日对偶性 Lagrange duality拉普拉斯变换 Laplace transform大系统 large scale system侧抑制网络 lateral inhibition network最小成本投入 least cost input最小二乘准则 least squares criterion物位开关 level switch天平动阻尼 libration damping极限环 limit cycle直线运动电气传动 linear motion electric drive直行程阀 linear motion valve线性规划 linear programming线性化方法 linearization technique称重传感器 load cell局部渐近稳定性 local asymptotic stability局部最优 local optimum对数幅相图 log magnitude-phase diagram长期记忆 long term memory线性二次调节器问题 LQR (linear quadratic regulator problem)集总参数模型 lumped parameter model李雅普诺夫渐近稳定性定理 Lyapunov theorem of asymptotic stability宏观经济系统 macro-economic system磁卸载 magnetic dumping磁致弹性称重传感器 magnetoelastic weighing cell幅值裕度 magnitude margin幅值比例尺 magnitude scale factor幅频特性 magnitude-frequency characteristic机械手 manipulator人机协调 man-machine coordination手动操作器 manual station制造自动化协议 MAP (manufacturing automation protocol)边际效益 marginal effectiveness梅森增益公式Mason‘s gain formula主站 master station匹配准则 matching criterion最大似然估计 maximum likelihood estimation最大超调量 maximum overshoot极大值原理 maximum principle模型库 MB (model base)均方误差准则 mean-square error criterion最经济控制 MEC (most economic control)机理模型 mechanism model元知识 meta-knowledge冶金自动化 metallurgical automation最小实现 minimal realization最小相位系统 minimum phase system最小方差估计 minimum variance estimation副回路 minor loop弹体-目标相对运动仿真器 missile-target relative movement simulator 模态集结 modal aggregation模态变换 modal transformation模型置信度 model confidence模型逼真度 model fidelity模型参考适应控制系统 model reference adaptive control system模型验证 model verification模块化 modularization可动空间 motion space平均故障间隔时间 MTBF (mean time between failures) 平均无故障时间 MTTF (mean time to failures)多属性效用函数 multi-attributive utility function 多重判据 multicriteria多级递阶结构 multilevel hierarchical structure多回路控制 multiloop control[NextPage} 多目标决策 multi-objective decision多态逻辑 multistate logic多段递阶控制 multistratum hierarchical control多变量控制系统 multivariable control system肌电控制 myoelectric control纳什最优性 Nash optimality自然语言生成 natural language generation最近邻 nearest-neighbor必然性侧度 necessity measure负反馈 negative feedback神经集合 neural assembly神经网络计算机 neural network computer尼科尔斯图 Nichols chart思维科学 noetic science非单调关联系统 noncoherent system非合作博弈 noncooperative game非平衡态 nonequilibrium state非线性环节 nonlinear element非单调逻辑 nonmonotonic logic非参数训练 nonparametric training不可逆电气传动 nonreversible electric drive非奇异摄动 nonsingular perturbation非平稳随机过程 non-stationary random process核辐射物位计 nuclear radiation levelmeter章动敏感器 nutation sensor奈奎斯特稳定判据 Nyquist stability criterion目标函数 objective function可观测指数 observability index可观测规范型 observable canonical form在线帮助 on-line assistance通断控制 on-off control开环极点 open loop pole运筹学模型 operational research model光纤式转速表 optic fiber tachometer最优轨迹 optimal trajectory最优化技术 optimization technique轨道陀螺罗盘 orbit gyrocompass轨道摄动 orbit perturbation轨道交会 orbital rendezvous序参数 order parameter定向控制 orientation control始发站 originator振荡周期 oscillating period输出预估法 output prediction method椭圆齿轮流量计 oval wheel flowmeter总体设计 overall design过阻尼 overdamping交叠分解 overlapping decomposition比例控制器 P control帕德近似 Pade approximation帕雷托最优性 Pareto optimality被动姿态稳定 passive attitude stabilization路径可重复性 path repeatability模式基元 pattern primitive主成分分析法 PCA (principal component analysis)峰值时间 peak time罚函数法 penalty function method感知器 perceptron周期工作制 periodic duty计划评审技术 PERT (program evaluation and review technique)摄动理论 perturbation theory悲观值 pessimistic value相位超前 phase lead相轨迹 phase locus相轨迹 phase trajectory光电式转速传感器 photoelectric tachometric transducer短句结构文法 phrase-structure grammar物理符号系统 physical symbol system压电式力传感器 piezoelectric force transducer示教再现式机器人 playback robot可编程序逻辑控制器 PLC (programmable logic controller)反接制动 plug braking旋塞阀 plug valve气动执行机构 pneumatic actuator点位控制 point-to-point control极坐标型机器人 polar robot极点配置 pole assignment零极点相消 pole-zero cancellation多项式输入 polynomial input投资搭配理论 portfolio theory位姿过调量 pose overshoot电位器式位移传感器 posentiometric displacement transducer 位置测量仪 position measuring instrument正反馈 positive feedback电力系统自动化 power system automation模式识别 PR (pattern recognition)谓词逻辑 predicate logic电接点压力表 pressure gauge with electric contact压力变送器 pressure transmitter价格协调 price coordination[NextPage} 主协调 primal coordination主频区 primary frequency zone大道原理 principle of turnpike优先级 priority面向过程的仿真 process-oriented simulation生产预算 production budget产生式规则 production rule利润预测 profit forecast程序设定操作器 program set station比例控制 proportional control比例微分控制器 proportional plus derivative controller协议工程 protocol engineering原型 prototype伪随机序列 pseudo random sequence伪速率增量控制 pseudo-rate-increment control脉冲持续时间 pulse duration脉冲调频控制系统 pulse frequency modulation control system 脉冲调宽控制系统 pulse width modulation control system下推自动机 pushdown automaton脉宽调制逆变器 PWM inverter质量管理 QC (quality control)二次型性能指标 quadratic performance index定性物理模型 qualitative physical model量化噪声 quantized noise准线性特性 quasilinear characteristics排队论 queuing theory射频敏感器 radio frequency sensor斜坡函数 ramp function随机扰动 random disturbance随机过程 random process速率积分陀螺 rate integrating gyro比值操作器 ratio station可达性 reachability反作用轮控制 reaction wheel control实时遥测 real time telemetry可实现性,能实现性 realizability感受野 receptive field直角坐标型机器人 rectangular robot整流器 rectifier递推估计 recursive estimation降阶观测器 reduced order observer冗余信息 redundant information再入控制 reentry control回馈制动，再生制动 regenerative braking区域规划模型 regional planning model调节装载 regulating device调节 regulation关系代数 relational algebra继电器特性 relay characteristic遥控操作器 remote manipulator遥调 remote regulating远程设定点调整器 remote set point adjuster 交会和对接 rendezvous and docking再现性 reproducibility热电阻 resistance thermometer sensor归结原理 resolution principle资源分配 resource allocation响应曲线 response curve回差矩阵 return difference matrix回比矩阵 return ratio matrix回响 reverberation可逆电气传动 reversible electric drive关节型机器人 revolute robot转速传感器 revolution speed transducer重写规则 rewriting rule刚性航天动力学 rigid spacecraft dynamics 风险分析 risk decision机器人编程语言 robot programming language [NextPage} 机器人学 robotics鲁棒控制 robust control鲁棒性 robustness辊缝测量仪 roll gap measuring instrument根轨迹 root locus腰轮流量计 roots flowmeter浮子流量计，转子流量计 rotameter偏心旋转阀 rotary eccentric plug valve角行程阀 rotary motion valve旋转变压器 rotating transformer劳思近似判据 Routh approximation method路径问题 routing problem采样控制系统 sampled-data control system采样控制系统 sampling control system饱和特性 saturation characteristics标量李雅普诺夫函数 scalar Lyapunov function平面关节型机器人 SCARA (selective compliance assembly robot arm) 情景分析法 scenario analysis method物景分析 scene analysis自力式控制器 self-operated controller自组织系统 self-organizing system自繁殖系统 self-reproducing system自校正控制 self-tuning control语义网络 semantic network半实物仿真 semi-physical simulation敏感元件 sensing element灵敏度分析 sensitivity analysis感觉控制 sensory control顺序分解 sequential decomposition序贯最小二乘估计 sequential least squares estimation伺服控制，随动控制 servo control伺服马达 servomotor过渡时间 settling time六分仪 sextant短期计划 short term planning短时程协调 short time horizon coordination信号检测和估计 signal detection and estimation信号重构 signal reconstruction相似性 similarity仿真中断 simulated interrupt仿真框图 simulation block diagram仿真实验 simulation experiment仿真速度 simulation velocity仿真器 simulator单轴转台 single axle table单自由度陀螺 single degree of freedom gyro单级过程 single level process单值非线性 single value nonlinearity奇异吸引子 singular attractor奇异摄动 singular perturbation汇点 sink受役系统 slaved system慢变子系统 slow subsystem欠实时仿真 slower-than-real-time simulation [NextPage} 社会控制论 socio-cybernetics社会经济系统 socioeconomic system软件心理学 software psychology太阳帆板指向控制 solar array pointing control电磁阀 solenoid valve源点 source比冲 specific impulse调速系统 speed control system自旋轴 spin axis自旋体 spinner稳定性判据 stability criterion稳定极限 stability limit镇定，稳定 stabilization施塔克尔贝格决策理论 Stackelberg decision theory 状态方程模型 state equation model状态空间描述 state space description静态特性曲线 static characteristics curve定点精度 station accuracy平稳随机过程 stationary random process统计模式识别 statistic pattern recognition统计分析 statistical analysis稳态偏差 steady state deviation稳态误差系数 steady state error coefficient阶跃函数 step function步进控制 step-by-step control逐步精化 stepwise refinement随机有限自动机 stochastic finite automaton应变式称重传感器 strain gauge load cell策略函数 strategic function强耦合系统 strongly coupled system主观频率 subjective probability次优性 suboptimality监督学习 supervised training计算机监控系统 supervisory computer control system 自持振荡 sustained oscillation旋进流量计 swirlmeter切换点 switching point符号处理 symbolic processing突触可塑性 synaptic plasticity协同学 synergetics句法分析 syntactic analysis系统评价 system assessment[NextPage} 系统工程 system engineering系统同态 system homomorphism系统同构 system isomorphism系统学 systematologys-domain s域转速表 tachometer靶式流量变送器 target flow transmitter作业周期 task cycle示教编程 teaching programming远动学 telemechanics频分遥测系统 telemetering system of frequency division type 遥测 telemetry目的系统 teleological system目的论 teleology温度传感器 temperature transducer模版库 template base张力计 tensiometer纹理 texture定理证明 theorem proving治疗模型 therapy model热电偶 thermocouple温度计 thermometer厚度计 thickness meter三位控制器 three state controller三轴姿态稳定 three-axis attitude stabilization推力矢量控制系统 thrust vector control system推力器 thruster时间常数 time constant时序控制器 time schedule controller定常系统，非时变系统 time-invariant system分时控制 time-sharing control时变参数 time-varying parameter自上而下测试 top-down testing拓扑结构 topological structure全面质量管理 TQC (total quality control)跟踪误差 tracking error权衡分析 trade-off analysis传递函数矩阵 transfer function matrix转换文法 transformation grammar瞬态偏差 transient deviation过渡过程 transient process转移图 transition diagram电远传压力表 transmissible pressure gauge变送器 transmitter趋势分析 trend analysis三重调制遥测系统 triple modulation telemetering system 涡轮流量计 turbine flowmeter[NextPage} 图灵机 Turing machine双时标系统 two-time scale system超声物位计 ultrasonic levelmeter非调速电气传动 unadjustable speed electric drive无偏估计 unbiased estimation欠阻尼 underdamping一致渐近稳定性 uniformly asymptotic stability不间断工作制，长期工作制 uninterrupted duty单位圆 unit circle单元测试 unit testing非监督学习 unsupervised learing上级问题 upper level problem城市规划 urban planning效用函数 utility function价值工程 value engineering可变增益，可变放大系数 variable gain变结构控制 variable structure control system向量李雅普诺夫函数 vector Lyapunov function速度误差系数 velocity error coefficient速度传感器 velocity transducer纵向分解 vertical decomposition振弦式力传感器 vibrating wire force transducer振动计 vibrometer粘性阻尼 viscous damping电压源型逆变器 voltage source inverter旋进流量计 vortex precession flowmeter涡街流量计 vortex shedding flowmeter方法库 WB (way base)称重传感器 weighing cell权因子 weighting factor加权法 weighting method惠特克-香农采样定理 Whittaker-Shannon sampling theorem维纳滤波 Wiener filtering计算机辅助设计工作站 work station for computer aided design w-plane w平面零和对策模型 zero sum game model零基预算 zero-based budget零输入响应 zero-input response零状态响应 zero-state responsez-transform z变换1. U-bolt ==> U形螺丝2. u shape hanger chains ==> u形曲链片吊挂装置3. u shaped manometer ==> u形压力计4. ubitron ==> 波动射束注入器5. uhf ==> 特高频6. uhf band pass filter ==> 特高频带通滤波器7. uhf converter ==> 特高频变频器8. uhf preamplifier stage ==> 特高频前置放大器9. uhf tuner ==> 特高频调谐器10. uhf vision transmitter ==> 特高频图象发射机11. uhsi ==> 超高速集成电路12. UHV ==> 超高真空,特高压13. UHV AC system ==> 特高压交流电力系统14. UHV AC system planning ==> 特高压交流电力系统规划15. UHV AC transmission line ==> 特高压交流输电线路16. UHV DC control and protection system ==> 特高压直流电力系统控制保护装置17. UHV DC system ==> 特高压直流电力系统18. UHV DC system planning ==> 特高压直流电力系统规划19. UHV DC system technologies ==> 特高压直流电力系统技术20. UHV DC transmission line ==> 特高压直流输电线路21. UHV reactors ==> 特高压交流系统电抗器22. UHV series compensation ==> 特高压交流系统变压器串补23. UHV substation ==> 特高压变电站24. UHV surge arresters ==> 特高压交流系统避雷器25. UHV switchgears ==> 特高压交流系统开关26. UHV transformers ==> 特高压变压器,特高压交流系统变压器27. UHV transmission ==> 特高压输电28. UHV transmission line ==> 特高压输电线路29. UHV, Ultra high voltage ==> 特高压30. UHVAC ==> 特高压交流系统31. UHVDC ==> 特高压直流系统32. ujt ==> 单结型晶体管33. ULF, ultra low frequency ==> 超低频34. ulg ==> 通用逻辑门35. ulsi ==> 超大规模集成化36. ultimate pressure ==> 极限压力37. ultimate resolution ==> 极限分辨力38. ultraaudion ==> 超三极管39. ultrabroad band light modulator ==> 超宽频带光调制器40. ultraclean area ==> 超净区域41. ultrafilter ==> 超细过滤器42. ultrafine geometry ==> 超精细几何形状43. ultrafine resolution ==> 超精细分辨力44. ultrahigh frequency ==> 特高频45. ultrahigh speed integration ==> 超高速集成电路46. ultrahigh vacuum ==> 超高真空47. ultrahigh vacuum evaporation ==> 超高真空蒸发48. ultralarge scale integration ==> 超大规模集成化49. ultralow backstreaming ==> 超低漏泄50. ultralow noise microwave cryoelectronic system ==> 超低噪声微波低温电子学系统51. ultrapure photoresist ==> 超高纯度光刻胶52. ultrapure water ==> 超纯水53. ultrashort laser pulse ==> 超短激光脉冲54. ultrashort light pulse ==> 超短光脉冲55. ultrashort wave transmitter ==> 超短波发射机56. ultrashort waves ==> 超短波57. ultrasonic bond ==> 超声焊接58. ultrasonic bonder ==> 超声焊机59. ultrasonic bonding ==> 超声焊接60. ultrasonic cleaner ==> 超声清洗器61. ultrasonic cleaning ==> 超声清洗62. ultrasonic etcher ==> 超声腐蚀装置63. ultrasonic frequency ==> 超音频64. ultrasonic holography ==> 超声全息照相术65. ultrasonic probe ==> 超声波探针66. ultrasonic seal ==> 超声封接67. ultrasonic soldering ==> 超声焊68. ultrasonic vapor degreaser ==> 超声蒸汽去油机69. ultrasonic wave ==> 超声波70. ultrasonic wedge bonding ==> 超声楔焊71. ultrasonic welder ==> 超声焊接机72. ultrasonic welding ==> 超声焊接73. ultrasonic wire bonding ==> 超声波线焊74. ultrasonics ==> 超声学75. ultrasound ==> 超声76. ultrasound delay line ==> 超声延迟线77. ultrathin membrane ==> 超薄膜78. ultratrace impurity ==> 超痕量杂质79. ultraudion ==> 超三极管80. ultraviolet exposure ==> 紫外线曝光81. ultraviolet filter ==> 紫外线滤光器82. ultraviolet laser ==> 紫外激光器83. ultraviolet lithography ==> 紫外线光刻84. ultraviolet ozone cleaning ==> 紫外线臭氧清洗85. ultraviolet projection system ==> 紫外投影装置86. ultraviolet radiation ==> 紫外线87. ultraviolet resist ==> 紫外线敏感光刻胶88. ultraviolet spectral range ==> 紫外光谱范围89. ultraviolet spectrum ==> 紫外光谱90. ultraviolet sterilizer ==> 紫外线杀菌器91. ultraviolet transparency ==> 紫外透迷92. umbrella antenna ==> 伞形天线93. un-uniform pollution ==> 不均匀污秽94. unattended processing ==> 无人处理95. unattended system ==> 无人监视系统96. unbalance ==> 不平衡97. unblanking circuit ==> 正程增辉电路98. uncased ==> 未罩外壳的99. uncased component ==> 无封装元件100. uncertain region ==> 不确定范围,不可辨区101. uncertainty of measurement ==> 测量的不确定度102. uncertainty of principle ==> 测不准原理103. uncertainty of range ==> 不确定范围104. uncertainty of relation ==> 不定关系105. uncharacteristic harmonics ==> 非特征谐波106. unclad optical fiber ==> 无包壳光纤107. uncollimated rays ==> 非准直光束108. uncompensated germanium ==> 未补偿的锗109. unconnected gate ==> 独立门110. uncontrolled multivibrator ==> 非稳态多谐振荡器111. uncooled photodetector ==> 非冷却光电探测器112. uncoupled lightguides ==> 非耦合光波导113. uncoupled mode ==> 非耦合模式114. undamped wave ==> 无衰耗波115. underbunching ==> 群聚不足116. undercoat ==> 底层117. undercooling ==> 过冷118. undercut ==> 坡口,钻蚀119. undercut profile ==> 钻蚀断面图120. underdevelopment ==> 显影不足121. underetch ==> 钻蚀122. underflow ==> 地流,潜流,下溢123. underfrequency relay ==> 低频继电器124. underground antenna ==> 地下天线125. underground cable ==> 地下电缆126. underlayer ==> 底层127. undershoot ==> 负尖峰128. undervoltage blocking circuit ==> 低电压闭锁回路129. underwater antenna ==> 水下天线130. underwater television ==> 水下电视131. underwater visibility ==> 水下可见度132. undistorted image ==> 无失真图象133. undistorted picture ==> 无失真图象134. undistorted wave ==> 无失真波135. undoped region ==> 无掺杂区136. undulater ==> 波绞机137. undulating light ==> 脉动光138. undulation effect ==> 波动效应139. undulator ==> 波纹机140. undulatory motion ==> 波动141. uneven surface ==> 粗糙表面142. unevenness ==> 粗糙度143. unexcited level ==> 未激能级144. unfilled level ==> 未满能级145. unflatness ==> 非平滑性146. uniaxial anisotropy ==> 单轴各向异性147. unidirectional aerial ==> 单向天线148. unidirectional antenna ==> 单向天线149. unidirectional microphone ==> 单向传声器150. unidirectional pulse ==> 单向脉冲151. unidirectional pulses ==> 单向脉冲152. unidirectional transmission ==> 单向传输153. uniform irradiation ==> 均匀辐照154. uniform lightguide ==> 均匀光波导155. uniform motion ==> 等速运动规律156. uniform waveguide ==> 均匀波导157. uniformity ==> 均匀性158. uniformity of illumination ==> 照鸣匀度159. unijunction transistor ==> 单结型晶体管160. unilateral matching ==> 单向匹配161. unilateral optical track record ==> 单向光学轨道记录162. unilayer ==> 单层163. unimodal laser ==> 单模激光器164. unimolecular film ==> 单分子膜165. unimolecular layer ==> 单分子层166. unintelligibility ==> 不清晰度167. union ==> 活接头,管节168. unipolar fet ==> 单极场效应晶体管169. unipolar integrated circuit ==> 单极型集成电路170. unipolar technology ==> 单极工艺171. unipolar transistor ==> 单极晶体管172. uniray ==> 通用阵列173. unit ==> 单位174. unit automatic exchange ==> 内部自动电话交换机175. unit call ==> 通话单位。

自动化专业英语常用词汇acceleration transducer 加速度传感器acceptance testing 验收测试accessibility 可及性accumulated error 累积误差AC-DC-AC frequency converter 交-直-交变频器AC (alternating current) electric drive 交流电子传动active attitude stabilization 主动姿态稳定actuator 驱动器，执行机构adaline 线性适应元adaptation layer 适应层adaptive telemeter system 适应遥测系统adjoint operator 伴随算子admissible error 容许误差aggregation matrix 集结矩阵AHP (analytic hierarchy process) 层次分析法amplifying element 放大环节analog-digital conversion 模数转换annunciator 信号器antenna pointing control 天线指向控制anti-integral windup 抗积分饱卷aperiodic decomposition 非周期分解a posteriori estimate 后验估计approximate reasoning 近似推理a priori estimate 先验估计articulated robot 关节型机器人assignment problem 配置问题，分配问题associative memory model 联想记忆模型associatron 联想机asymptotic stability 渐进稳定性attained pose drift 实际位姿漂移attitude acquisition 姿态捕获AOCS (attritude and orbit control system) 姿态轨道控制系统attitude angular velocity 姿态角速度attitude disturbance 姿态扰动attitude maneuver 姿态机动attractor 吸引子augment ability 可扩充性augmented system 增广系统automatic manual station 自动-手动操作器automaton 自动机精选文库backlash characteristics 间隙特性base coordinate system 基座坐标系Bayes classifier 贝叶斯分类器bearing alignment 方位对准bellows pressure gauge 波纹管压力表benefit-cost analysis 收益成本分析bilinear system 双线性系统biocybernetics 生物控制论biological feedback system 生物反馈系统black box testing approach 黑箱测试法blind search 盲目搜索block diagonalization 块对角化Boltzman machine 玻耳兹曼机bottom-up development 自下而上开发boundary value analysis 边界值分析brainstorming method 头脑风暴法breadth-first search 广度优先搜索butterfly valve 蝶阀CAE (computer aided engineering) 计算机辅助工程CAM (computer aided manufacturing) 计算机辅助制造Camflex valve 偏心旋转阀canonical state variable 规范化状态变量capacitive displacement transducer 电容式位移传感器capsule pressure gauge 膜盒压力表CARD 计算机辅助研究开发Cartesian robot 直角坐标型机器人cascade compensation 串联补偿catastrophe theory 突变论centrality 集中性chained aggregation 链式集结chaos 混沌characteristic locus 特征轨迹chemical propulsion 化学推进calrity 清晰性classical information pattern 经典信息模式classifier 分类器clinical control system 临床控制系统closed loop pole 闭环极点closed loop transfer function 闭环传递函数cluster analysis 聚类分析coarse-fine control 粗-精控制cobweb model 蛛网模型coefficient matrix 系数矩阵cognitive science 认知科学精选文库cognitron 认知机coherent system 单调关联系统combination decision 组合决策combinatorial explosion 组合爆炸combined pressure and vacuum gauge 压力真空表command pose 指令位姿companion matrix 相伴矩阵compartmental model 房室模型compatibility 相容性，兼容性compensating network 补偿网络compensation 补偿，矫正compliance 柔顺，顺应composite control 组合控制computable general equilibrium model 可计算一般均衡模型conditionally instability 条件不稳定性configuration 组态connectionism 连接机制connectivity 连接性conservative system 守恒系统consistency 一致性constraint condition 约束条件consumption function 消费函数context-free grammar 上下文无关语法continuous discrete event hybrid system simulation 连续离散事件混合系统仿真continuous duty 连续工作制control accuracy 控制精度control cabinet 控制柜controllability index 可控指数controllable canonical form 可控规范型【control】plant 控制对象,被控对象controlling instrument 控制仪表control moment gyro 控制力矩陀螺control panel 控制屏，控制盘control synchro 控制【式】自整角机control system synthesis 控制系统综合control time horizon 控制时程cooperative game 合作对策coordinability condition 可协调条件coordination strategy 协调策略coordinator 协调器corner frequency 转折频率costate variable 共态变量cost-effectiveness analysis 费用效益分析coupling of orbit and attitude 轨道和姿态耦合精选文库critical damping 临界阻尼critical stability 临界稳定性cross-over frequency 穿越频率，交越频率current source inverter 电流【源】型逆变器cut-off frequency 截止频率cybernetics 控制论cyclic remote control 循环遥控cylindrical robot 圆柱坐标型机器人damped oscillation 阻尼振荡damper 阻尼器damping ratio 阻尼比data acquisition 数据采集data encryption 数据加密data preprocessing 数据预处理data processor 数据处理器DC generator-motor set drive 直流发电机-电动机组传动D controller 微分控制器decentrality 分散性decentralized stochastic control 分散随机控制decision space 决策空间decision support system 决策支持系统decomposition-aggregation approach 分解集结法decoupling parameter 解耦参数deductive-inductive hybrid modeling method 演绎与归纳混合建模法delayed telemetry 延时遥测derivation tree 导出树derivative feedback 微分反馈describing function 描述函数desired value 希望值despinner 消旋体destination 目的站detector 检出器deterministic automaton 确定性自动机deviation 偏差舱deviation alarm 偏差报警器DFD 数据流图diagnostic model 诊断模型diagonally dominant matrix 对角主导矩阵diaphragm pressure gauge 膜片压力表difference equation model 差分方程模型differential dynamical system 微分动力学系统differential game 微分对策differential pressure level meter 差压液位计differential pressure transmitter 差压变送器精选文库differential transformer displacement transducer 差动变压器式位移传感器differentiation element 微分环节digital filer 数字滤波器digital signal processing 数字信号处理digitization 数字化digitizer 数字化仪dimension transducer 尺度传感器direct coordination 直接协调disaggregation 解裂discoordination 失协调discrete event dynamic system 离散事件动态系统discrete system simulation language 离散系统仿真语言discriminant function 判别函数displacement vibration amplitude transducer 位移振幅传感器dissipative structure 耗散结构distributed parameter control system 分布参数控制系统distrubance 扰动disturbance compensation 扰动补偿diversity 多样性divisibility 可分性domain knowledge 领域知识dominant pole 主导极点dose-response model 剂量反应模型dual modulation telemetering system 双重调制遥测系统dual principle 对偶原理dual spin stabilization 双自旋稳定duty ratio 负载比dynamic braking 能耗制动dynamic characteristics 动态特性dynamic deviation 动态偏差dynamic error coefficient 动态误差系数dynamic exactness 动它吻合性dynamic input-output model 动态投入产出模型econometric model 计量经济模型economic cybernetics 经济控制论economic effectiveness 经济效益economic evaluation 经济评价economic index 经济指数economic indicator 经济指标eddy current thickness meter 电涡流厚度计effectiveness 有效性effectiveness theory 效益理论elasticity of demand 需求弹性electric actuator 电动执行机构精选文库electric conductance levelmeter 电导液位计electric drive control gear 电动传动控制设备electric hydraulic converter 电-液转换器electric pneumatic converter 电-气转换器electrohydraulic servo vale 电液伺服阀electromagnetic flow transducer 电磁流量传感器electronic batching scale 电子配料秤electronic belt conveyor scale 电子皮带秤electronic hopper scale 电子料斗秤elevation 仰角emergency stop 异常停止empirical distribution 经验分布endogenous variable 内生变量equilibrium growth 均衡增长equilibrium point 平衡点equivalence partitioning 等价类划分ergonomics 工效学error 误差error-correction parsing 纠错剖析estimate 估计量estimation theory 估计理论evaluation technique 评价技术event chain 事件链evolutionary system 进化系统exogenous variable 外生变量expected characteristics 希望特性external disturbance 外扰fact base 事实failure diagnosis 故障诊断fast mode 快变模态feasibility study 可行性研究feasible coordination 可行协调feasible region 可行域feature detection 特征检测feature extraction 特征抽取feedback compensation 反馈补偿feedforward path 前馈通路field bus 现场总线finite automaton 有限自动机FIP (factory information protocol) 工厂信息协议first order predicate logic 一阶谓词逻辑fixed sequence manipulator 固定顺序机械手fixed set point control 定值控制FMS (flexible manufacturing system) 柔性制造系统精选文库flow sensor/transducer 流量传感器flow transmitter 流量变送器fluctuation 涨落forced oscillation 强迫振荡formal language theory 形式语言理论formal neuron 形式神经元forward path 正向通路forward reasoning 正向推理fractal 分形体，分维体frequency converter 变频器frequency domain model reduction method 频域模型降阶法frequency response 频域响应full order observer 全阶观测器functional decomposition 功能分解FES (functional electrical stimulation) 功能电刺激functional simularity 功能相似fuzzy logic 模糊逻辑game tree 对策树gate valve 闸阀general equilibrium theory 一般均衡理论generalized least squares estimation 广义最小二乘估计generation function 生成函数geomagnetic torque 地磁力矩geometric similarity 几何相似gimbaled wheel 框架轮global asymptotic stability 全局渐进稳定性global optimum 全局最优globe valve 球形阀徢goal coordination method 目标协调法grammatical inference 文法推断graphic search 图搜索gravity gradient torque 重力梯度力矩group technology 成组技术guidance system 制导系统gyro drift rate 陀螺漂移率gyrostat 陀螺体Hall displacement transducer 霍尔式位移传感器hardware-in-the-loop simulation 半实物仿真harmonious deviation 和谐偏差harmonious strategy 和谐策略heuristic inference 启发式推理hidden oscillation 隐蔽振荡hierarchical chart 层次结构图hierarchical planning 递阶规划精选文库hierarchical control 递阶控制homeostasis 内稳态homomorphic model 同态系统horizontal decomposition 横向分解hormonal control 内分泌控制hydraulic step motor 液压步进马达hypercycle theory 超循环理论I controller 积分控制器identifiability 可辨识性IDSS (intelligent decision support system) 智能决策支持系统image recognition 图像识别impulse 冲量impulse function 冲击函数，脉冲函数inching 点动incompatibility principle 不相容原理incremental motion control 增量运动控制index of merit 品质因数inductive force transducer 电感式位移传感器inductive modeling method 归纳建模法industrial automation 工业自动化inertial attitude sensor 惯性姿态敏感器inertial coordinate system 惯性坐标系inertial wheel 惯性轮inference engine 推理机infinite dimensional system 无穷维系统information acquisition 信息采集infrared gas analyzer 红外线气体分析器inherent nonlinearity 固有非线性inherent regulation 固有调节initial deviation 初始偏差initiator 发起站injection attitude 入轨姿势input-output model 投入产出模型instability 不稳定性instruction level language 指令级语言integral of absolute value of error criterion 绝对误差积分准则integral of squared error criterion 平方误差积分准则integral performance criterion 积分性能准则integration instrument 积算仪器integrity 整体性intelligent terminal 智能终端interacted system 互联系统，关联系统interactive prediction approach 互联预估法，关联预估法interconnection 互联intermittent duty 断续工作制internal disturbance 内扰ISM (interpretive structure modeling) 解释结构建模法invariant embedding principle 不变嵌入原理inventory theory 库伦论inverse Nyquist diagram 逆奈奎斯特图inverter 逆变器investment decision 投资决策isomorphic model 同构模型iterative coordination 迭代协调jet propulsion 喷气推进job-lot control 分批控制joint 关节Kalman-Bucy filer 卡尔曼-布西滤波器knowledge accomodation 知识顺应knowledge acquisition 知识获取knowledge assimilation 知识同化KBMS (knowledge base management system) 知识库管理系统瓢knowledge representation 知识表达ladder diagram 梯形图lag-lead compensation 滞后超前补偿Lagrange duality 拉格朗日对偶性Laplace transform 拉普拉斯变换large scale system 大系统lateral inhibition network 侧抑制网络least cost input 最小成本投入least squares criterion 最小二乘准则level switch 物位开关libration damping 天平动阻尼limit cycle 极限环linearization technique 线性化方法linear motion electric drive 直线运动电气传动linear motion valve 直行程阀linear programming 线性规划LQR (linear quadratic regulator problem) 线性二次调节器问题load cell 称重传感器local asymptotic stability 局部渐近稳定性local optimum 局部最优log magnitude-phase diagram 对数幅相图long term memory 长期记忆lumped parameter model 集总参数模型Lyapunov theorem of asymptotic stability 李雅普诺夫渐近稳定性定理macro-economic system 宏观经济系统magnetic dumping 磁卸载magnetoelastic weighing cell 磁致弹性称重传感器magnitude-frequency characteristic 幅频特性magnitude margin 幅值裕度magnitude scale factor 幅值比例尺manipulator 机械手man-machine coordination 人机协调manual station 手动操作器MAP (manufacturing automation protocol) 制造自动化协议marginal effectiveness 边际效益Mason‘‘s gain formula 梅森增益公式master station 主站matching criterion 匹配准则maximum likelihood estimation 最大似然估计maximum overshoot 最大超调量maximum principle 极大值原理mean-square error criterion 均方误差准则mechanism model 机理模型meta-knowledge 元知识metallurgical automation 冶金自动化minimal realization 最小实现minimum phase system 最小相位系统minimum variance estimation 最小方差估计minor loop 副回路missile-target relative movement simulator 弹体-目标相对运动仿真器modal aggregation 模态集结modal transformation 模态变换MB (model base) 模型库model confidence 模型置信度model fidelity 模型逼真度model reference adaptive control system 模型参考适应控制系统model verification 模型验证modularization 模块化MEC (most economic control) 最经济控制motion space 可动空间MTBF (mean time between failures) 平均故障间隔时间MTTF (mean time to failures) 平均无故障时间multi-attributive utility function 多属性效用函数multicriteria 多重判据multilevel hierarchical structure 多级递阶结构multiloop control 多回路控制multi-objective decision 多目标决策multistate logic 多态逻辑multistratum hierarchical control 多段递阶控制multivariable control system 多变量控制系统精选文库myoelectric control 肌电控制Nash optimality 纳什最优性natural language generation 自然语言生成nearest-neighbor 最近邻necessity measure 必然性侧度negative feedback 负反馈neural assembly 神经集合neural network computer 神经网络计算机Nichols chart 尼科尔斯图noetic science 思维科学noncoherent system 非单调关联系统noncooperative game 非合作博弈nonequilibrium state 非平衡态nonlinear element 非线性环节nonmonotonic logic 非单调逻辑nonparametric training 非参数训练nonreversible electric drive 不可逆电气传动nonsingular perturbation 非奇异摄动non-stationary random process 非平稳随机过程nuclear radiation levelmeter 核辐射物位计nutation sensor 章动敏感器Nyquist stability criterion 奈奎斯特稳定判据objective function 目标函数observability index 可观测指数observable canonical form 可观测规范型on-line assistance 在线帮助on-off control 通断控制open loop pole 开环极点operational research model 运筹学模型optic fiber tachometer 光纤式转速表optimal trajectory 最优轨迹optimization technique 最优化技术orbital rendezvous 轨道交会orbit gyrocompass 轨道陀螺罗盘orbit perturbation 轨道摄动order parameter 序参数orientation control 定向控制originator 始发站oscillating period 振荡周期output prediction method 输出预估法oval wheel flowmeter 椭圆齿轮流量计overall design 总体设计overdamping 过阻尼overlapping decomposition 交叠分解精选文库Pade approximation 帕德近似Pareto optimality 帕雷托最优性passive attitude stabilization 被动姿态稳定path repeatability 路径可重复性pattern primitive 模式基元PR (pattern recognition) 模式识别P control 比例控制器peak time 峰值时间penalty function method 罚函数法perceptron 感知器periodic duty 周期工作制perturbation theory 摄动理论pessimistic value 悲观值phase locus 相轨迹phase trajectory 相轨迹phase lead 相位超前photoelectric tachometric transducer 光电式转速传感器phrase-structure grammar 短句结构文法physical symbol system 物理符号系统piezoelectric force transducer 压电式力传感器playback robot 示教再现式机器人PLC (programmable logic controller) 可编程序逻辑控制器plug braking 反接制动plug valve 旋塞阀pneumatic actuator 气动执行机构point-to-point control 点位控制polar robot 极坐标型机器人pole assignment 极点配置pole-zero cancellation 零极点相消polynomial input 多项式输入portfolio theory 投资搭配理论pose overshoot 位姿过调量position measuring instrument 位置测量仪posentiometric displacement transducer 电位器式位移传感器positive feedback 正反馈power system automation 电力系统自动化predicate logic 谓词逻辑pressure gauge with electric contact 电接点压力表pressure transmitter 压力变送器price coordination 价格协调primal coordination 主协调primary frequency zone 主频区PCA (principal component analysis) 主成分分析法principle of turnpike 大道原理精选文库priority 优先级process-oriented simulation 面向过程的仿真production budget 生产预算production rule 产生式规则profit forecast 利润预测PERT (program evaluation and review technique) 计划评审技术program set station 程序设定操作器proportional control 比例控制proportional plus derivative controller 比例微分控制器protocol engineering 协议工程prototype 原型pseudo random sequence 伪随机序列pseudo-rate-increment control 伪速率增量控制pulse duration 脉冲持续时间pulse frequency modulation control system 脉冲调频控制系统pulse width modulation control system 脉冲调宽控制系统PWM inverter 脉宽调制逆变器pushdown automaton 下推自动机QC (quality control) 质量管理quadratic performance index 二次型性能指标qualitative physical model 定性物理模型quantized noise 量化噪声quasilinear characteristics 准线性特性queuing theory 排队论radio frequency sensor 射频敏感器ramp function 斜坡函数random disturbance 随机扰动random process 随机过程rate integrating gyro 速率积分陀螺ratio station 比值操作器reachability 可达性reaction wheel control 反作用轮控制realizability 可实现性,能实现性real time telemetry 实时遥测receptive field 感受野rectangular robot 直角坐标型机器人rectifier 整流器recursive estimation 递推估计reduced order observer 降阶观测器redundant information 冗余信息reentry control 再入控制regenerative braking 回馈制动，再生制动regional planning model 区域规划模型regulating device 调节装载精选文库regulation 调节relational algebra 关系代数relay characteristic 继电器特性remote manipulator 遥控操作器remote regulating 遥调remote set point adjuster 远程设定点调整器rendezvous and docking 交会和对接reproducibility 再现性resistance thermometer sensor 热电阻resolution principle 归结原理resource allocation 资源分配response curve 响应曲线return difference matrix 回差矩阵return ratio matrix 回比矩阵reverberation 回响reversible electric drive 可逆电气传动revolute robot 关节型机器人revolution speed transducer 转速传感器rewriting rule 重写规则rigid spacecraft dynamics 刚性航天动力学risk decision 风险分析robotics 机器人学robot programming language 机器人编程语言robust control 鲁棒控制robustness 鲁棒性roll gap measuring instrument 辊缝测量仪root locus 根轨迹roots flowmeter 腰轮流量计rotameter 浮子流量计，转子流量计rotary eccentric plug valve 偏心旋转阀rotary motion valve 角行程阀rotating transformer 旋转变压器Routh approximation method 劳思近似判据routing problem 路径问题sampled-data control system 采样控制系统sampling control system 采样控制系统saturation characteristics 饱和特性scalar Lyapunov function 标量李雅普诺夫函数SCARA (selective compliance assembly robot arm) 平面关节型机器人scenario analysis method 情景分析法scene analysis 物景分析s-domain s域self-operated controller 自力式控制器self-organizing system 自组织系统self-reproducing system 自繁殖系统self-tuning control 自校正控制semantic network 语义网络semi-physical simulation 半实物仿真sensing element 敏感元件sensitivity analysis 灵敏度分析sensory control 感觉控制sequential decomposition 顺序分解sequential least squares estimation 序贯最小二乘估计servo control 伺服控制，随动控制servomotor 伺服马达settling time 过渡时间sextant 六分仪short term planning 短期计划short time horizon coordination 短时程协调signal detection and estimation 信号检测和估计signal reconstruction 信号重构similarity 相似性simulated interrupt 仿真中断simulation block diagram 仿真框图simulation experiment 仿真实验simulation velocity 仿真速度simulator 仿真器single axle table 单轴转台single degree of freedom gyro 单自由度陀螺single level process 单级过程single value nonlinearity 单值非线性singular attractor 奇异吸引子singular perturbation 奇异摄动sink 汇点slaved system 受役系统slower-than-real-time simulation 欠实时仿真slow subsystem 慢变子系统socio-cybernetics 社会控制论socioeconomic system 社会经济系统software psychology 软件心理学solar array pointing control 太阳帆板指向控制solenoid valve 电磁阀source 源点specific impulse 比冲speed control system 调速系统spin axis 自旋轴spinner 自旋体stability criterion 稳定性判据stability limit 稳定极限stabilization 镇定，稳定Stackelberg decision theory 施塔克尔贝格决策理论state equation model 状态方程模型state space description 状态空间描述static characteristics curve 静态特性曲线station accuracy 定点精度stationary random process 平稳随机过程statistical analysis 统计分析statistic pattern recognition 统计模式识别steady state deviation 稳态偏差steady state error coefficient 稳态误差系数step-by-step control 步进控制step function 阶跃函数stepwise refinement 逐步精化stochastic finite automaton 随机有限自动机strain gauge load cell 应变式称重传感器strategic function 策略函数strongly coupled system 强耦合系统subjective probability 主观频率suboptimality 次优性supervised training 监督学习supervisory computer control system 计算机监控系统sustained oscillation 自持振荡swirlmeter 旋进流量计switching point 切换点symbolic processing 符号处理synaptic plasticity 突触可塑性synergetics 协同学syntactic analysis 句法分析system assessment 系统评价systematology 系统学system homomorphism 系统同态system isomorphism 系统同构system engineering 系统工程tachometer 转速表target flow transmitter 靶式流量变送器task cycle 作业周期teaching programming 示教编程telemechanics 远动学telemetering system of frequency division type 频分遥测系统telemetry 遥测teleological system 目的系统teleology 目的论精选文库temperature transducer 温度传感器template base 模版库tensiometer 张力计texture 纹理theorem proving 定理证明therapy model 治疗模型thermocouple 热电偶thermometer 温度计thickness meter 厚度计three-axis attitude stabilization 三轴姿态稳定three state controller 三位控制器thrust vector control system 推力矢量控制系统thruster 推力器time constant 时间常数time-invariant system 定常系统，非时变系统time schedule controller 时序控制器time-sharing control 分时控制time-varying parameter 时变参数top-down testing 自上而下测试topological structure 拓扑结构TQC (total quality control) 全面质量管理tracking error 跟踪误差trade-off analysis 权衡分析transfer function matrix 传递函数矩阵transformation grammar 转换文法transient deviation 瞬态偏差transient process 过渡过程transition diagram 转移图transmissible pressure gauge 电远传压力表transmitter 变送器trend analysis 趋势分析triple modulation telemetering system 三重调制遥测系统turbine flowmeter 涡轮流量计Turing machine 图灵机two-time scale system 双时标系统ultrasonic levelmeter 超声物位计unadjustable speed electric drive 非调速电气传动unbiased estimation 无偏估计underdamping 欠阻尼uniformly asymptotic stability 一致渐近稳定性uninterrupted duty 不间断工作制，长期工作制unit circle 单位圆unit testing 单元测试unsupervised learing 非监督学习精选文库upper level problem 上级问题urban planning 城市规划utility function 效用函数value engineering 价值工程variable gain 可变增益，可变放大系数variable structure control system 变结构控制vector Lyapunov function 向量李雅普诺夫函数velocity error coefficient 速度误差系数velocity transducer 速度传感器vertical decomposition 纵向分解vibrating wire force transducer 振弦式力传感器vibrometer 振动计viscous damping 粘性阻尼voltage source inverter 电压源型逆变器vortex precession flowmeter 旋进流量计vortex shedding flowmeter 涡街流量计WB (way base) 方法库weighing cell 称重传感器weighting factor 权因子weighting method 加权法Whittaker-Shannon sampling theorem 惠特克-香农采样定理Wiener filtering 维纳滤波work station for computer aided design 计算机辅助设计工作站w-plane w平面zero-based budget 零基预算zero-input response 零输入响应zero-state response 零状态响应zero sum game model 零和对策模型z-transform z变换。

专业英语单词发电机generator 励磁excitation励磁器excitor 电压voltage 电流current升压变压器step-up transformer 母线bus 变压器transformer空载损耗：no-load loss 铁损：iron loss 铜损：copper loss空载电流：no-load current 无功损耗：reactive loss 有功损耗：active loss输电系统power transmission system高压侧high side 输电线transmission line高压: high voltage 低压：low voltage 中压：middle voltage功角稳定angle stability 稳定stability 电压稳定voltage stability暂态稳定transient stability 电厂power plant 能量输送power transfer交流AC 直流DC 电网power system落点drop point 开关站switch station 调节regulation高抗high voltage shunt reactor 并列的：apposable 裕度margin故障fault 三相故障three phase fault 分接头：tap切机generator triping 高顶值high limited value 静态static (state)动态dynamic (state) 机端电压控制A VR 电抗reactance电阻resistance 功角power angle 有功（功率）active power电容器：Capacitor 电抗器：Reactor 断路器：Breaker无功（功率）reactive power 功率因数power factor 无功电流reactive current斜率slope 额定rating 变比ratio参考值reference value 电压互感器PT 分接头tap仿真分析simulation analysis 下降率droop rate 传递函数transfer function框图block diagram 受端receive-side 同步synchronization保护断路器circuit breaker 摇摆swing 阻尼damping无刷直流电机：Brusless DC motor 刀闸(隔离开关)：Isolator 机端generator terminal自动化专业英语词汇A－Zacceleration transducer 加速度传感器acceptance testing 验收测试accessibility 可及性accumulated error 累积误差AC-DC-AC frequency converter 交-直-交变频器AC (alternating current) electric drive 交流电子传动active attitude stabilization 主动姿态稳定actuator 驱动器，执行机构adaline 线性适应元adaptation layer 适应层adaptive telemeter system 适应遥测系统adjoint operator 伴随算子admissible error 容许误差aggregation matrix 集结矩阵AHP (analytic hierarchy process) 层次分析法amplifying element 放大环节analog-digital conversion 模数转换annunciator 信号器antenna pointing control 天线指向控制anti-integral windup 抗积分饱卷aperiodic decomposition 非周期分解a posteriori estimate 后验估计approximate reasoning 近似推理a priori estimate 先验估计articulated robot 关节型机器人assignment problem 配置问题，分配问题associative memory model 联想记忆模型associatron 联想机asymptotic stability 渐进稳定性attained pose drift 实际位姿漂移attitude acquisition 姿态捕获AOCS (attritude and orbit control system) 姿态轨道控制系统attitude angular velocity 姿态角速度attitude disturbance 姿态扰动attitude maneuver 姿态机动attractor 吸引子augment ability 可扩充性augmented system 增广系统automatic manual station 自动-手动操作器automaton 自动机backlash characteristics 间隙特性base coordinate system 基座坐标系Bayes classifier 贝叶斯分类器bearing alignment 方位对准bellows pressure gauge 波纹管压力表benefit-cost analysis 收益成本分析bilinear system 双线性系统biocybernetics 生物控制论biological feedback system 生物反馈系统black box testing approach 黑箱测试法blind search 盲目搜索block diagonalization 块对角化Boltzman machine 玻耳兹曼机bottom-up development 自下而上开发boundary value analysis 边界值分析brainstorming method 头脑风暴法breadth-first search 广度优先搜索brusless DC motor无刷直流电机butterfly valve 蝶阀CAE (computer aided engineering) 计算机辅助工程CAM (computer aided manufacturing) 计算机辅助制造Camflex valve 偏心旋转阀canonical state variable 规范化状态变量capacitive displacement transducer 电容式位移传感器capsule pressure gauge 膜盒压力表CARD 计算机辅助研究开发Cartesian robot 直角坐标型机器人cascade compensation 串联补偿catastrophe theory 突变论centrality 集中性chained aggregation 链式集结chaos 混沌characteristic locus 特征轨迹chemical propulsion 化学推进calrity 清晰性classical information pattern 经典信息模式classifier 分类器clinical control system 临床控制系统closed loop pole 闭环极点closed loop transfer function 闭环传递函数cluster analysis 聚类分析coarse-fine control 粗-精控制cobweb model 蛛网模型coefficient matrix 系数矩阵cognitive science 认知科学cognitron 认知机coherent system 单调关联系统combination decision 组合决策combinatorial explosion 组合爆炸combined pressure and vacuum gauge 压力真空表command pose 指令位姿companion matrix 相伴矩阵compartmental model 房室模型compatibility 相容性，兼容性compensating network 补偿网络compensation 补偿，矫正compliance 柔顺，顺应composite control 组合控制computable general equilibrium model 可计算一般均衡模型conditionally instability 条件不稳定性configuration 组态connectionism 连接机制conservative system 守恒系统consistency 一致性constraint condition 约束条件consumption function 消费函数context-free grammar 上下文无关语法continuous discrete event hybrid system simulation 连续离散事件混合系统仿真continuous duty 连续工作制control accuracy 控制精度control cabinet 控制柜controllability index 可控指数controllable canonical form 可控规范型[control] plant 控制对象,被控对象controlling instrument 控制仪表control moment gyro 控制力矩陀螺control panel 控制屏，控制盘control synchro 控制[式]自整角机control system synthesis 控制系统综合control time horizon 控制时程cooperative game 合作对策coordinability condition 可协调条件coordination strategy 协调策略coordinator 协调器corner frequency 转折频率costate variable 共态变量cost-effectiveness analysis 费用效益分析coupling of orbit and attitude 轨道和姿态耦合critical damping 临界阻尼critical stability 临界稳定性cross-over frequency 穿越频率，交越频率current source inverter 电流[源]型逆变器cut-off frequency 截止频率cybernetics 控制论cyclic remote control 循环遥控cylindrical robot 圆柱坐标型机器人damped oscillation 阻尼振荡damper 阻尼器damping ratio 阻尼比data acquisition 数据采集data encryption 数据加密data preprocessing 数据预处理data processor 数据处理器DC generator-motor set drive 直流发电机-电动机组传动D controller 微分控制器decentralized stochastic control 分散随机控制decision space 决策空间decision support system 决策支持系统decomposition-aggregation approach 分解集结法decoupling parameter 解耦参数deductive-inductive hybrid modeling method 演绎与归纳混合建模法delayed telemetry 延时遥测derivation tree 导出树derivative feedback 微分反馈describing function 描述函数desired value 希望值despinner 消旋体destination 目的站detector 检出器deterministic automaton 确定性自动机deviation 偏差舱deviation alarm 偏差报警器DFD 数据流图diagnostic model 诊断模型diagonally dominant matrix 对角主导矩阵diaphragm pressure gauge 膜片压力表difference equation model 差分方程模型differential dynamical system 微分动力学系统differential game 微分对策differential pressure level meter 差压液位计differential pressure transmitter 差压变送器differential transformer displacement transducer 差动变压器式位移传感器differentiation element 微分环节digital filer 数字滤波器digital signal processing 数字信号处理digitization 数字化digitizer 数字化仪dimension transducer 尺度传感器direct coordination 直接协调disaggregation 解裂discoordination 失协调discrete event dynamic system 离散事件动态系统discrete system simulation language 离散系统仿真语言discriminant function 判别函数displacement vibration amplitude transducer 位移振幅传感器dissipative structure 耗散结构distributed parameter control system 分布参数控制系统distrubance 扰动disturbance compensation 扰动补偿diversity 多样性divisibility 可分性domain knowledge 领域知识dominant pole 主导极点dose-response model 剂量反应模型dual modulation telemetering system 双重调制遥测系统dual principle 对偶原理dual spin stabilization 双自旋稳定duty ratio 负载比dynamic braking 能耗制动dynamic characteristics 动态特性dynamic deviation 动态偏差dynamic error coefficient 动态误差系数dynamic exactness 动它吻合性dynamic input-output model 动态投入产出模型econometric model 计量经济模型economic cybernetics 经济控制论economic effectiveness 经济效益economic evaluation 经济评价economic index 经济指数economic indicator 经济指标eddy current thickness meter 电涡流厚度计effectiveness 有效性effectiveness theory 效益理论elasticity of demand 需求弹性electric actuator 电动执行机构electric conductance levelmeter 电导液位计electric drive control gear 电动传动控制设备electric hydraulic converter 电-液转换器electric pneumatic converter 电-气转换器electrohydraulic servo vale 电液伺服阀electromagnetic flow transducer 电磁流量传感器electronic batching scale 电子配料秤electronic belt conveyor scale 电子皮带秤electronic hopper scale 电子料斗秤elevation 仰角emergency stop 异常停止empirical distribution 经验分布endogenous variable 内生变量equilibrium growth 均衡增长equilibrium point 平衡点equivalence partitioning 等价类划分ergonomics 工效学error 误差error-correction parsing 纠错剖析estimate 估计量estimation theory 估计理论evaluation technique 评价技术event chain 事件链evolutionary system 进化系统exogenous variable 外生变量expected characteristics 希望特性external disturbance 外扰fact base 事实failure diagnosis 故障诊断fast mode 快变模态feasibility study 可行性研究feasible coordination 可行协调feasible region 可行域feature detection 特征检测feature extraction 特征抽取feedback compensation 反馈补偿feedforward path 前馈通路field bus 现场总线finite automaton 有限自动机FIP (factory information protocol) 工厂信息协议first order predicate logic 一阶谓词逻辑fixed sequence manipulator 固定顺序机械手fixed set point control 定值控制FMS (flexible manufacturing system) 柔性制造系统flow sensor/transducer 流量传感器flow transmitter 流量变送器fluctuation 涨落forced oscillation 强迫振荡formal language theory 形式语言理论formal neuron 形式神经元forward path 正向通路forward reasoning 正向推理fractal 分形体，分维体frequency converter 变频器frequency domain model reduction method 频域模型降阶法frequency response 频域响应full order observer 全阶观测器functional decomposition 功能分解FES (functional electrical stimulation) 功能电刺激functional simularity 功能相似fuzzy logic 模糊逻辑game tree 对策树gate valve 闸阀general equilibrium theory 一般均衡理论generalized least squares estimation 广义最小二乘估计generation function 生成函数geomagnetic torque 地磁力矩geometric similarity 几何相似gimbaled wheel 框架轮global asymptotic stability 全局渐进稳定性global optimum 全局最优globe valve 球形阀徢goal coordination method 目标协调法grammatical inference 文法推断graphic search 图搜索gravity gradient torque 重力梯度力矩group technology 成组技术guidance system 制导系统gyro drift rate 陀螺漂移率gyrostat 陀螺体Hall displacement transducer 霍尔式位移传感器hardware-in-the-loop simulation 半实物仿真harmonious deviation 和谐偏差harmonious strategy 和谐策略heuristic inference 启发式推理hidden oscillation 隐蔽振荡hierarchical chart 层次结构图hierarchical planning 递阶规划hierarchical control 递阶控制homeostasis 内稳态homomorphic model 同态系统horizontal decomposition 横向分解hormonal control 内分泌控制hydraulic step motor 液压步进马达hypercycle theory 超循环理论I controller 积分控制器identifiability 可辨识性IDSS (intelligent decision support system) 智能决策支持系统image recognition 图像识别impulse 冲量impulse function 冲击函数，脉冲函数inching 点动incompatibility principle 不相容原理incremental motion control 增量运动控制index of merit 品质因数inductive force transducer 电感式位移传感器inductive modeling method 归纳建模法industrial automation 工业自动化inertial attitude sensor 惯性姿态敏感器inertial coordinate system 惯性坐标系inertial wheel 惯性轮inference engine 推理机infinite dimensional system 无穷维系统information acquisition 信息采集infrared gas analyzer 红外线气体分析器inherent nonlinearity 固有非线性inherent regulation 固有调节initial deviation 初始偏差initiator 发起站injection attitude 入轨姿势input-output model 投入产出模型instability 不稳定性instruction level language 指令级语言integral of absolute value of error criterion 绝对误差积分准则integral of squared error criterion 平方误差积分准则integral performance criterion 积分性能准则integration instrument 积算仪器integrity 整体性intelligent terminal 智能终端interacted system 互联系统，关联系统interactive prediction approach 互联预估法，关联预估法interconnection 互联intermittent duty 断续工作制internal disturbance 内扰ISM (interpretive structure modeling) 解释结构建模法invariant embedding principle 不变嵌入原理inventory theory 库伦论inverse Nyquist diagram 逆奈奎斯特图inverter 逆变器investment decision 投资决策isomorphic model 同构模型iterative coordination 迭代协调jet propulsion 喷气推进job-lot control 分批控制joint 关节Kalman-Bucy filer 卡尔曼-布西滤波器knowledge accomodation 知识顺应knowledge acquisition 知识获取knowledge assimilation 知识同化KBMS (knowledge base management system) 知识库管理系统瓢knowledge representation 知识表达ladder diagram 梯形图lag-lead compensation 滞后超前补偿Lagrange duality 拉格朗日对偶性Laplace transform 拉普拉斯变换large scale system 大系统lateral inhibition network 侧抑制网络least cost input 最小成本投入least squares criterion 最小二乘准则level switch 物位开关libration damping 天平动阻尼limit cycle 极限环linearization technique 线性化方法linear motion electric drive 直线运动电气传动linear motion valve 直行程阀linear programming 线性规划LQR (linear quadratic regulator problem) 线性二次调节器问题load cell 称重传感器local asymptotic stability 局部渐近稳定性local optimum 局部最优log magnitude-phase diagram 对数幅相图long term memory 长期记忆lumped parameter model 集总参数模型Lyapunov theorem of asymptotic stability 李雅普诺夫渐近稳定性定理macro-economic system 宏观经济系统magnetic dumping 磁卸载magnetoelastic weighing cell 磁致弹性称重传感器magnitude-frequency characteristic 幅频特性magnitude margin 幅值裕度magnitude scale factor 幅值比例尺manipulator 机械手man-machine coordination 人机协调manual station 手动操作器MAP (manufacturing automation protocol) 制造自动化协议marginal effectiveness 边际效益Mason''s gain formula 梅森增益公式master station 主站matching criterion 匹配准则maximum likelihood estimation 最大似然估计maximum overshoot 最大超调量maximum principle 极大值原理mean-square error criterion 均方误差准则mechanism model 机理模型meta-knowledge 元知识metallurgical automation 冶金自动化minimal realization 最小实现minimum phase system 最小相位系统minimum variance estimation 最小方差估计minor loop 副回路missile-target relative movement simulator 弹体-目标相对运动仿真器modal aggregation 模态集结modal transformation 模态变换MB (model base) 模型库model confidence 模型置信度model fidelity 模型逼真度model reference adaptive control system 模型参考适应控制系统model verification 模型验证modularization 模块化MEC (most economic control) 最经济控制motion space 可动空间MTBF (mean time between failures) 平均故障间隔时间MTTF (mean time to failures) 平均无故障时间multi-attributive utility function 多属性效用函数multicriteria 多重判据multilevel hierarchical structure 多级递阶结构multiloop control 多回路控制multi-objective decision 多目标决策multistate logic 多态逻辑multistratum hierarchical control 多段递阶控制multivariable control system 多变量控制系统myoelectric control 肌电控制Nash optimality 纳什最优性natural language generation 自然语言生成nearest-neighbor 最近邻necessity measure 必然性侧度negative feedback 负反馈neural assembly 神经集合neural network computer 神经网络计算机Nichols chart 尼科尔斯图noetic science 思维科学noncoherent system 非单调关联系统noncooperative game 非合作博弈nonequilibrium state 非平衡态nonlinear element 非线性环节nonmonotonic logic 非单调逻辑nonparametric training 非参数训练nonreversible electric drive 不可逆电气传动nonsingular perturbation 非奇异摄动non-stationary random process 非平稳随机过程nuclear radiation levelmeter 核辐射物位计nutation sensor 章动敏感器Nyquist stability criterion 奈奎斯特稳定判据objective function 目标函数observability index 可观测指数observable canonical form 可观测规范型on-line assistance 在线帮助on-off control 通断控制open loop pole 开环极点operational research model 运筹学模型optic fiber tachometer 光纤式转速表optimal trajectory 最优轨迹optimization technique 最优化技术orbital rendezvous 轨道交会orbit gyrocompass 轨道陀螺罗盘orbit perturbation 轨道摄动order parameter 序参数orientation control 定向控制originator 始发站oscillating period 振荡周期output prediction method 输出预估法oval wheel flowmeter 椭圆齿轮流量计overall design 总体设计overdamping 过阻尼overlapping decomposition 交叠分解Pade approximation 帕德近似Pareto optimality 帕雷托最优性passive attitude stabilization 被动姿态稳定path repeatability 路径可重复性pattern primitive 模式基元PR (pattern recognition) 模式识别P control 比例控制器peak time 峰值时间penalty function method 罚函数法perceptron 感知器periodic duty 周期工作制perturbation theory 摄动理论pessimistic value 悲观值phase locus 相轨迹phase trajectory 相轨迹phase lead 相位超前photoelectric tachometric transducer 光电式转速传感器phrase-structure grammar 短句结构文法physical symbol system 物理符号系统piezoelectric force transducer 压电式力传感器playback robot 示教再现式机器人PLC (programmable logic controller) 可编程序逻辑控制器plug braking 反接制动plug valve 旋塞阀pneumatic actuator 气动执行机构point-to-point control 点位控制polar robot 极坐标型机器人pole assignment 极点配置pole-zero cancellation 零极点相消polynomial input 多项式输入portfolio theory 投资搭配理论pose overshoot 位姿过调量position measuring instrument 位置测量仪posentiometric displacement transducer 电位器式位移传感器positive feedback 正反馈power system automation 电力系统自动化predicate logic 谓词逻辑pressure gauge with electric contact 电接点压力表pressure transmitter 压力变送器price coordination 价格协调primal coordination 主协调primary frequency zone 主频区PCA (principal component analysis) 主成分分析法principle of turnpike 大道原理priority 优先级process-oriented simulation 面向过程的仿真production budget 生产预算production rule 产生式规则profit forecast 利润预测PERT (program evaluation and review technique) 计划评审技术program set station 程序设定操作器proportional control 比例控制proportional plus derivative controller 比例微分控制器protocol engineering 协议工程prototype 原型pseudo random sequence 伪随机序列pseudo-rate-increment control 伪速率增量控制pulse duration 脉冲持续时间pulse frequency modulation control system 脉冲调频控制系统pulse width modulation control system 脉冲调宽控制系统PWM inverter 脉宽调制逆变器pushdown automaton 下推自动机QC (quality control) 质量管理quadratic performance index 二次型性能指标qualitative physical model 定性物理模型quantized noise 量化噪声quasilinear characteristics 准线性特性queuing theory 排队论radio frequency sensor 射频敏感器ramp function 斜坡函数random disturbance 随机扰动random process 随机过程rate integrating gyro 速率积分陀螺ratio station 比值操作器reachability 可达性reaction wheel control 反作用轮控制realizability 可实现性,能实现性real time telemetry 实时遥测receptive field 感受野rectangular robot 直角坐标型机器人rectifier 整流器recursive estimation 递推估计reduced order observer 降阶观测器redundant information 冗余信息reentry control 再入控制regenerative braking 回馈制动，再生制动regional planning model 区域规划模型regulating device 调节装载regulation 调节relational algebra 关系代数relay characteristic 继电器特性remote manipulator 遥控操作器remote regulating 遥调remote set point adjuster 远程设定点调整器rendezvous and docking 交会和对接reproducibility 再现性resistance thermometer sensor 热电阻resolution principle 归结原理resource allocation 资源分配response curve 响应曲线return difference matrix 回差矩阵return ratio matrix 回比矩阵reverberation 回响reversible electric drive 可逆电气传动revolute robot 关节型机器人revolution speed transducer 转速传感器rewriting rule 重写规则rigid spacecraft dynamics 刚性航天动力学risk decision 风险分析robotics 机器人学robot programming language 机器人编程语言robust control 鲁棒控制robustness 鲁棒性roll gap measuring instrument 辊缝测量仪root locus 根轨迹roots flowmeter 腰轮流量计rotameter 浮子流量计，转子流量计rotary eccentric plug valve 偏心旋转阀rotary motion valve 角行程阀rotating transformer 旋转变压器Routh approximation method 劳思近似判据routing problem 路径问题sampled-data control system 采样控制系统sampling control system 采样控制系统saturation characteristics 饱和特性scalar Lyapunov function 标量李雅普诺夫函数SCARA (selective compliance assembly robot arm) 平面关节型机器人scenario analysis method 情景分析法scene analysis 物景分析s-domain s域self-operated controller 自力式控制器self-organizing system 自组织系统self-reproducing system 自繁殖系统self-tuning control 自校正控制semantic network 语义网络semi-physical simulation 半实物仿真sensing element 敏感元件sensitivity analysis 灵敏度分析sensory control 感觉控制sequential decomposition 顺序分解sequential least squares estimation 序贯最小二乘估计servo control 伺服控制，随动控制servomotor 伺服马达settling time 过渡时间sextant 六分仪short term planning 短期计划short time horizon coordination 短时程协调signal detection and estimation 信号检测和估计signal reconstruction 信号重构similarity 相似性simulated interrupt 仿真中断simulation block diagram 仿真框图simulation experiment 仿真实验simulation velocity 仿真速度simulator 仿真器single axle table 单轴转台single degree of freedom gyro 单自由度陀螺single level process 单级过程single value nonlinearity 单值非线性singular attractor 奇异吸引子singular perturbation 奇异摄动sink 汇点slaved system 受役系统slower-than-real-time simulation 欠实时仿真slow subsystem 慢变子系统socio-cybernetics 社会控制论socioeconomic system 社会经济系统software psychology 软件心理学solar array pointing control 太阳帆板指向控制solenoid valve 电磁阀source 源点specific impulse 比冲speed control system 调速系统spin axis 自旋轴spinner 自旋体stability criterion 稳定性判据stability limit 稳定极限stabilization 镇定，稳定Stackelberg decision theory 施塔克尔贝格决策理论state equation model 状态方程模型state space description 状态空间描述static characteristics curve 静态特性曲线station accuracy 定点精度stationary random process 平稳随机过程statistical analysis 统计分析statistic pattern recognition 统计模式识别steady state deviation 稳态偏差steady state error coefficient 稳态误差系数step-by-step control 步进控制step function 阶跃函数stepwise refinement 逐步精化stochastic finite automaton 随机有限自动机strain gauge load cell 应变式称重传感器strategic function 策略函数strongly coupled system 强耦合系统subjective probability 主观频率suboptimality 次优性supervised training 监督学习supervisory computer control system 计算机监控系统sustained oscillation 自持振荡swirlmeter 旋进流量计switching point 切换点symbolic processing 符号处理synaptic plasticity 突触可塑性synergetics 协同学syntactic analysis 句法分析system assessment 系统评价systematology 系统学system homomorphism 系统同态system isomorphism 系统同构system engineering 系统工程tachometer 转速表target flow transmitter 靶式流量变送器task cycle 作业周期teaching programming 示教编程telemechanics 远动学telemetering system of frequency division type 频分遥测系统telemetry 遥测teleological system 目的系统teleology 目的论temperature transducer 温度传感器template base 模版库tensiometer 张力计texture 纹理theorem proving 定理证明therapy model 治疗模型thermocouple 热电偶thermometer 温度计thickness meter 厚度计three-axis attitude stabilization 三轴姿态稳定three state controller 三位控制器thrust vector control system 推力矢量控制系统thruster 推力器time constant 时间常数time-invariant system 定常系统，非时变系统time schedule controller 时序控制器time-sharing control 分时控制time-varying parameter 时变参数top-down testing 自上而下测试topological structure 拓扑结构TQC (total quality control) 全面质量管理tracking error 跟踪误差trade-off analysis 权衡分析transfer function matrix 传递函数矩阵transformation grammar 转换文法transient deviation 瞬态偏差transient process 过渡过程transition diagram 转移图transmissible pressure gauge 电远传压力表transmitter 变送器trend analysis 趋势分析triple modulation telemetering system 三重调制遥测系统turbine flowmeter 涡轮流量计Turing machine 图灵机two-time scale system 双时标系统ultrasonic levelmeter 超声物位计unadjustable speed electric drive 非调速电气传动unbiased estimation 无偏估计underdamping 欠阻尼uniformly asymptotic stability 一致渐近稳定性uninterrupted duty 不间断工作制，长期工作制unit circle 单位圆unit testing 单元测试unsupervised learing 非监督学习upper level problem 上级问题urban planning 城市规划utility function 效用函数value engineering 价值工程variable gain 可变增益，可变放大系数variable structure control system 变结构控制vector Lyapunov function 向量李雅普诺夫函数velocity error coefficient 速度误差系数velocity transducer 速度传感器vertical decomposition 纵向分解vibrating wire force transducer 振弦式力传感器vibrometer 振动计viscous damping 粘性阻尼voltage source inverter 电压源型逆变器vortex precession flowmeter 旋进流量计vortex shedding flowmeter 涡街流量计WB (way base) 方法库weighing cell 称重传感器weighting factor 权因子weighting method 加权法Whittaker-Shannon sampling theorem 惠特克-香农采样定理Wiener filtering 维纳滤波work station for computer aided design 计算机辅助设计工作站w-plane w平面zero-based budget 零基预算zero-input response 零输入响应zero-state response 零状态响应zero sum game model 零和对策模型z-transform z变换。

SEM的基本原理及应用文献简介扫描电子显微镜（Scanning Electron Microscope，简称SEM）是一种利用电子束与样品相互作用来观察和分析样品表面形貌的仪器。

它通过将一个集中电子束聚焦在样品表面上，利用样品反射、散射的电子束所产生的信号来获取样品表面的相关信息，从而得到高分辨率的图像和详细的表征结果。

SEM广泛应用于材料科学、生物学、纳米技术等领域的研究和应用。

SEM的基本原理1.电子源：SEM使用的电子源通常是热阴极或场发射阴极。

通过加热或施加电场，使阴极发射出电子。

2.电子束的聚焦：聚焦系统通过一系列的电磁透镜（如电场透镜、磁场透镜）将从电子源发出的电子束聚焦到样品表面上。

3.样品与电子的相互作用：电子束与样品表面发生相互作用，产生多种信号，如次级电子（SE）信号、二次电子（BSE）信号、散射电子（BE）信号等。

4.信号检测：SEM通过检测上述信号来获取样品表面的信息。

次级电子信号、二次电子信号常用于获得样品的表面形貌信息，而散射电子信号可用于表征样品的成分及结构。

5.信号处理和图像生成：SEM获取到的信号经过放大、放大和数码转换等处理后，被送入显示器上生成图像。

图像通常以灰度或彩色表示样品的形貌和特征。

SEM的应用文献以下是一些关于SEM基本原理及其应用的文献推荐：1.Zheng G, Patzke G. Scanning electron microscopy fundamentals andapplications. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2019.2.Goldstein J, Newbury D E, Echlin P, et al. Scanning electron microscopyand X-ray microanalysis. Springer Science & Business Media, 2017.3.Reimer L, Kohl H. Transmission electron microscopy: Physics of ImageFormation. Springer Science & Business Media, 2008.4.Oh S, Kim J, Kim W S, et al. Three-dimensional scanning electronmicroscopy: Characterization of nanoparticles and nanopores. WileyInterdisciplinary Reviews: Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology, 2018, 10(4): e1490.5.Witkowski A, Rauch S, Kazmierczak J, et al. SEM-EDS application forroughness analysis of glass surfaces. Measurement Science and Technology,2020, 31(10): 105901.6.Cunha G C da, Barth A V, Pereira D S. Fractal dimensions applied to theevaluation of microstructural features in rock samples using SEM images.Computers & Geosciences, 2020, 140: 104495.7.Schaible M J, Leonhardt S, Giebelmann F, et al. Evaluation of Ramanspectroscopy as a non-contact and non-destructive method to assess sorbent quality for CO_2 capture by comparing it to coatings analyzed by SEM/XRD and BET measurements. Environmental Science & Technology, 2020, 54(19):12359-12368.8.Frunda A M, Campione M, Peruzzini M, et al. Formation of silvernanoparticles onto carbon pellets in scanning electron microscopy: moment analysis and size estimation by number and volume distribution. Journal ofNanoparticle Research, 2020, 22(8): 229.9.Ginggen R, Gammeter B, Hümmer M, et al. Oxygen adsorption on theNaCl(001) surface on the atomic scale revealed by SEM analysis. PhysicalReview Materials, 2020, 4(8): 083802.10.Briggs D, Seah M P, Biswas A. Practical Surface Analysis by Auger andX-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. Wiley Online Library, 2003.这些文献涵盖了SEM的基本原理、技术应用及相关领域的研究成果，对于了解SEM的原理和应用具有很好的参考价值。