经典古诗英译

诗译英▏腹有诗书气自华登鹳雀楼On the Stork Tower王之涣 Wang Zhihuan白日依山尽，The sun along the mountain bows;黄河入海流。

The Yellow River seawards flows.欲穷千里目，You will enjoy a grander sight;更上一层楼。

By climbing to a greater height.——许渊冲译【Key Words】Stork英 [stɔːk] 美[stɔːrk]n. 鹳复数：storksThe Yellow River黄河Seaward 英 [ˈsiːwəd] 美 [ˈsiːwərd]adj. 向海的;朝海的adv. 向海，向海那一边Flow英 [fləʊ] 美[floʊ]n. 流; 流动; 持续生产; 不断供应; 滔滔不绝v. 流; 流动; 涌流; 流畅Grander英 [ˈgrændə] 美 [ˈgrændər]adj. 壮丽的; 堂皇的; 重大的; (用于大建筑物等的名称)大; 宏大的; 宏伟的; 有气派的grand的比较级【诗意】夕阳依傍着西山慢慢地沉没，滔滔黄河朝着东海汹涌奔流。

若想把千里的风光景物看够，那就要登上更高的一层城楼。

【诗人简介】王之涣（688-742）字季凌，晋阳（今山西太原）人，后徙绛。

善边塞诗。

《全唐诗》录存其诗六首。

Wang ZhihuanAlso known as Jiling (courtesy name), Wang Zhihuan (688-742) was a native of Jinyang (present-day Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province) and later moved to Jiangzhou. He was skilled at writing poems on life in border areas. Six of his poems are included in the Complete Collection of Tang Poetry.。

On seeing a man of virtue, try to become his equal; on seeing a man without virtue, examine yourself not to have the same defects.江山如此多娇，引无数英雄尽折腰。

This land so rich in beauty has made countless heroes bow in homage.举头望明月，低头思故土。

Raising my head, I see the moon so bright; withdrawing my eyes, my nostalgia comes around. 俱往矣，数风流人物，还看今朝。

All are past and gone; we look to this age for truly great men.君子成人之美，不成人之恶。

The gentleman helps others to achieve their moral perfection but not their evil conduct.君子独立不惭于影，独寝不愧于魂。

A righteous man never feels ashamed to face his shadow when standing alone and to face his soul when sleeping alone.君子之交淡如水，小人之交甘如醴。

君子淡以亲，小人甘以绝。

The friendship between men of virtue is light like water, yet affectionate; the friendship between men without virtue is sweet like wine, yet easily broken.老吾老以及人之老，幼吾幼以及人之幼。

诗译英▏腹有诗书气自华蝶恋花Butterflies in Love with Flowers柳永 Liu Yong伫倚危楼风细细。

望极春愁，黯黯生天际。

草色烟光残照里，无言谁会凭阑意。

I lean alone on balcony in light, light breeze;As far as the eye sees,On the horizon dark parting grief grows unseen.In fading sunlight rises smoke over grass green.Who understands why mutely on the rails lean?拟把疏狂图一醉。

对酒当歌，强乐还无味。

衣带渐宽终不悔，为伊消得人憔悴。

I’d drown in wine my parting grief;Chanting before the cup, strained wirth brings no relief.I find my gown too large, but I will not regret;It’s worth while growing languid for my coquette.——许渊冲译【Key Words】Lean [liːn]v.前俯(或后仰);倾斜;倚靠;靠在;靠置;使斜靠adj.肉少的;瘦且健康的;脂肪少的;无脂肪的;难以赚钱的;贫乏的n.瘦肉balcony [ˈbælkəni]n.阳台;(剧院的)楼厅，楼座horizon [həˈraɪzn]n.地平线;(欲望、知识或兴趣的)范围，眼界mutely [ˈmjuːtli]adv.无言地;一语不发地rails [reɪlz]n.栏杆;扶手;围栏;(固定在墙上用以挂物品的)横杆;铁轨;轨道v.怒斥;责骂;抱怨rail的第三人称单数和复数chanting英 [ˈtʃɑːntɪŋ] 美 [ˈtʃæntɪŋ]v.反复唱;反复呼喊;唱圣歌;反复地吟咏祷文chant的现在分词strained [streɪnd]adj.神色不宁的;紧张的;憔悴的;不友好的;不自然的;做作的;勉强的v.损伤;拉伤;扭伤;尽力;使劲;过度使用;使不堪承受strain的过去分词和过去式mirth 英 [mɜːθ] 美 [mɜːrθ]n.欢乐;欢笑languid [ˈlæŋɡwɪd]adj.慢悠悠的;慵懒的coquette 英 [kɒˈket] 美 [koʊˈket]n.卖弄风情的女人【注释】伫倚危楼：长时间依靠在高楼的栏杆上。

凉州词——王之涣黄河远上白云间，一片孤城万仞山。

羌笛何须怨杨柳，春风不度玉门关。

Liangzhou LinesThe Yellow River reaches high beyond the clouds;Amid the massive mountains lies the solitary of a town.From a flute Willow Song wails forth, but why?Beyond Jade Gate Pass, spring winds will never climb.鸟鸣涧——王维人闲桂花落，夜静春山空。

月出惊山鸟，时鸣春涧中The Gully of Twittering Birds --- Wang WeiIdly I watch the cassia petals fall;Silent the night and empty the spring hills;The rising moon startles the mountain birds;Which twitter fitfully in the spring gully.出塞——王昌龄秦时明月汉时关，万里长征人未还。

但使龙城飞将在，不教胡马度阴山。

Far Away on the FrontierAs in the Han and the Qin Dynasties the same fortes and the same moon; How are men on the expedition able to come home soon?Were the Flying General who’d struck the Dragon Town with fearStill alive, the Hun steed’s have been kept beyond Yinshan—the frontier!相思——王维红豆生南国，春来发几枝。

李商隐诗集汉译英赏析：Untitled 无题- 七律(双语)昨夜星辰昨夜风，画楼西畔桂堂东。

Last night the stars last night the wind, painted floor, Sipan TONG East.身无彩凤双飞翼，心有灵犀一点通。

Flying without wings phoenix body, minds think alike.隔座送钩春酒暖，分曹射覆蜡灯红。

Gezuo hook liquor to send warm, sub-light red wax Cao cover shot.嗟余听鼓应官去，走马兰台类转蓬。

Sigh I hear the drum to be official, Peng cursory Lantai class switch.赏析：首联以曲折的笔墨写昨夜的欢聚。

“昨夜星辰昨夜风”是时间：夜幕低垂，星光闪烁，凉风习习。

一个春风沉醉的夜晚，萦绕着宁静浪漫的温馨气息。

句中两个“昨夜”自对，回环往复，语气舒缓，有回肠荡气之概。

“画楼西畔桂堂东”是地点：精美画楼的西畔，桂木厅堂的东边。

诗人甚至没有写出明确的地点，仅以周围的环境来烘托。

在这样美妙的时刻、旖旎的环境中发生了什么故事，诗人只是独自在心中回味，我们则不由自主为诗中展示的风情打动了。

颔联写今日的相思。

诗人已与意中人分处两拨儿，“身无彩凤双飞翼”写怀想之切、相思之苦：恨自己身上没有五彩凤凰一样的双翅，可以飞到爱人身边。

“心有灵犀一点通”写相知之深：彼此的心意却像灵异的犀牛角一样，息息相通。

“身无”与“心有”，一外一内，一悲一喜，矛盾而奇妙地统一在一体，痛苦中有甜蜜，寂寞中有期待，相思的苦恼与心心相印的欣慰融合在一起，将那种深深相爱而又不能长相厮守的恋人的复杂微妙的心态刻画得细致入微、惟妙惟肖。

此联两句成为千古名句。

颈联“隔座送钩春酒暖，分营射覆蜡灯红”是写宴会上的热闹。

这应该是诗人与佳人都参加过的一个聚会。

【有机】美国宾夕法尼亚大学Gar...导读近日，美国宾夕法尼亚大学Gary A. Molander课题组报道了一种可见光诱导无过渡金属催化的策略，其涉及通过易得的(杂)芳基卤化物生成(杂)芳基自由基的过程，并合成了一系列3,3′-二取代氧化吲哚衍生物。

该反应具有反应条件温和、底物范围广泛等特点。

此外，通过后期衍生化实验，进一步证明了反应的实用性。

相关研究成果发表在Chem. Sci.上（DOI: 10.1039/d2sc05918e）。

（图片来源：Chem. Sci.）正文氧化吲哚骨架广泛存在于生物活性分子、药物和天然产物中。

其中，3,3′-二取代的氧化吲哚因其在药物发现中的广泛应用，从而备受关注（Fig. 1A）。

目前，对于氧化吲哚化合物的合成，主要依赖于使用预先存在的氧化吲哚骨架，并进行典型的官能团化反应。

同时，环化反应也是构建氧化吲哚骨架的常用策略。

然而，这些方法需使用邻位官能团化芳基和2-取代的活化苯胺（Fig. 1B）。

此外，这些反应存在底物范围有限、底物的预合成难度大、需使用大量的过渡金属催化剂（Ni、Cu和Pd等）、反应条件苛刻等问题。

最近，杨尚东课题组（Org. Biomol. Chem., 2016, 14, 4365）发现，N-芳基丙烯酰胺通过自由基串联反应可合成3-取代的氧化吲哚衍生物。

然而，此类反应需使用贵过渡金属（Pd、Rh和Ir等）、配体、高温或有毒的自由基引发剂等。

在此，美国宾夕法尼亚大学Gary A. Molander课题组报道了一种新型的无过渡金属催化、条件温和且操作简单的硫醇介导的光化学策略，利用易得的(杂)芳基卤化物作为自由基前体，实现了取代氧化吲哚骨架的构建（Fig. 1C）。

（图片来源：Chem. Sci.）首先，作者以N-苯基丙烯酰胺1a与(杂)芳基溴2a作为模型底物，对反应条件进行了大量的筛选（Table 1）。

筛选结果表明，当以(MeOC6H4S)2作为催化剂，KHCO3与HCO2Na作为添加剂，390 nm Kessil作为光源，在DMSO溶剂（0.2 M）中室温反应，可以75%的收率得到氧化吲哚产物3。

古诗英译白雪歌送武判官归京Song of White Snow in Farewell toSecretary Wu Going Back to the Capital岑参 Cen Shen北风卷地白草折，Snapping the pallid grass, the northern wind whirls low;胡天八月即飞雪。

In the eighth moon the Tartar sky is filled with snow.忽如一夜春风来，As if the vernal breeze had come back overnight,千树万树梨花开。

Adoring thousands of pear trees with blossoms white.散入珠帘湿罗幕，Flakes enter pearled blinds and wet the silken screen;狐裘不暖锦衾薄。

No furs of fox can warm us nor brocade quilts green.将军角弓不得控，The general cannot draw his rigid bow with ease,都护铁衣冷难着。

E’en the commissioner in coat of mail would freeze.瀚海阑干百丈冰，A thousand feet o’er cracked wilderness ice piles,愁云惨淡万里凝。

And gloomy clouds hang sad and drear for miles and miles.中军置酒饮归客，We drink in headquarters to our guest homeward bound;胡琴琵琶与羌笛。

With tartar lutes, pipas and pipes the camps resound.纷纷暮雪下辕门，Snow in huge flakes at dusk falls heavy on camp gate;风掣红旗冻不翻。

诗译英▏腹有诗书气自华静夜诗Thoughts on a Tranquil Night李白 Li Bai床前明夜光，Before my bed a pool of light--疑是地上霜。

O can it be frost on the ground?举头望明月，Looking up, I find the moon bright;低头思故乡。

Bowing, in homesickness I'm drowned.-- 许渊冲译【Key Words】tranquil [ˈtræŋkwɪl]adj. 安静的; 平静的; 安宁的a pool of一池；一滩; 一小片frost英 [frɒst] 美 [frɔːst]n. 严寒天气; 霜冻; 冰点以下的温度; 霜v. (使)蒙上霜，结霜; 给(糕饼)覆上糖霜bow [baʊ]v. 鞠躬; 点头; 低(头); 垂(首); (使)弯曲n. 鞠躬; 弯腰行礼; 船头; 艏n. 弓; 蝴蝶结; 琴弓v. 用琴弓拉奏(弦乐器)homesicknessn. 乡愁；怀乡病drown [draʊn]v. (使)淹死; 浸透; 淹没; 陷入……；沉浸在……里【诗意】明亮的月光洒在窗户纸上，好像地上泛起了一层霜。

我禁不住抬起头来，看那天窗外空中的一轮明月，不由得低头沉思，想起远方的家乡。

【诗人简介】李白（701-762），字太白，号青莲居士。

祖籍陇西成纪（今甘肃静宁），生于西域碎叶。

诗风雄奇豪迈，感情奔放，想象丰富，世称“诗仙”。

有《李太白集》。

Li BaiBorn in Suiye in the Western Regions, Li Bai (701-762) was alsocalled Taibai(courtesy name), or Qinglian Jushi (literary name) which literally means ‘Blue Lotus Recluse’. His ancestral home was in Longxi, Chengji (present-day Jingning County, Gansu Province). In a vagarious and heroic style, his poems are imbued with fervent emotions and abundant imaginations. He is also hailed as ‘Poet Immortal’. His poems are complied into Li Taibai Ji.。

.'Summer could fancy peaks outshines; The bride so sweet and slender!中国古诗词英译幸甚至哉，歌以咏志。

The autumn moon sheds brilliant INDOMITABLE SOUL 关雎On winter cliffs stand cold-proof pines.Translated by Xu Yuanchong 大风歌. 关关雎鸠,在河之洲.窈窕淑女,君子好逑Although long lives the tortoise wise, 归园田居刘邦In the end he can not but die. 陶渊明窈窕淑女,妩媚求之.大风起兮云飞扬, ,参差荇菜左右流之.The serpent in the mist may rise, 种豆南山下，草盛豆苗稀。

威加海内兮归故乡。

But in the dust he too shall die. 晨兴理荒秽，带月荷锄归。

安得猛士兮守四方！.优哉游哉,辗转反侧.求之不得,妩媚思服Although the stabled steed is old, SONG OF THE GREAT WIND 道狭草木长，夕露沾我衣。

He dreams to run for mile and mile. Translated by Xu Yuanchong衣沾不足惜，但使愿无违。

..参差荇菜,左右采之窈窕淑女,琴瑟友之RETURN TO NATURE In life's December heroes bold A great wind rises, oh! The clouds are driven away.Translated by Xu Yuanchong Won't change indomitable style.I come to my native land, oh! Now the world is.钟鼓乐之左右毛之参差荇菜,.窈窕淑女, Cooing And Wooing It's not up to Heaven aloneunder my sway.To lengthen or shorten our day. Translated by Xu Yuanchong Where can I brave men, oh! To guard my fourI sow beans' neath southern hill;Bean shoots are lost where weeds o' erthepathfrontiers today!By riverside are cooing To a great age we can live on,grow.A pair of turtledoves; If we keep it fit, cheerful and gay.I weed at dawn though early still; How happy I feel at this thought! A good young man is wooing 垓下歌I plod home with my moonlit hoe. A fair maiden he loves.I croon this poem as I ought.项羽The path is narrow, grasses tall, 力拔山兮气盖世，时不力兮驹不逝。

诗译英▏腹有诗书气自华春望Spring View杜甫Du Fu国破山河在，On war-torn land streams flow and mountains stand;城春草木深。

In vernal town grass and weeds are overgrown.感时花溅泪，Grieved over the years, flowers make us shed tears;恨别鸟惊心。

Hating to part, hearing birds breaks our heart.烽火连三月，The beacon fire has gone higher and higher;家书抵万金。

Words from household are worth their weight in gold.白头搔更短，I cannot bear to scratch my grizzled hair;浑欲不胜簪。

It grows too thin to hold a light hairpin.——许渊冲译【Key Words】vernal 英 [ˈvɜːnl] 美 [ˈvɜːrnl]adj.春季的grieve [ɡriːv]v.(尤指因某人的去世而)悲伤;使悲伤shed [ʃed]n.简易房，棚;厂房，库房v.去除;摆脱;使落下beacon [ˈbiːkən]n.灯标，灯塔;立标;(导航)无线电信标台;(昔日)烽火scratch [skrætʃ]v.挠，搔(痒处);划破，抓破，擦破，划损，刮坏n.划痕，划伤;刮(或擦、抓)的刺耳声;挠痒;搔痒adj.仓促拼凑的;无让步的;无让杆的grizzled [ˈɡrɪzld]adj.(头发)灰白的，花白的hairpin [ˈheəpɪn] 美 [ˈherpɪn]n.发夹【注释】国：国都，指长安（今陕西西安）。

城：长安城。

草木深：指人烟稀少。

感时：为国家的时局而感伤。

中国古代诗歌的英文翻译中国古典诗歌是世界文化宝库中的一朵奇葩,它既是中国语言的精华,更是中国文化的结晶,其中包含了丰富的隐喻。

隐喻反映文化,中国古典诗歌中的隐喻蕴涵着丰富的文化内涵。

下面是店铺带来的中国古代诗歌的英文翻译，欢迎阅读!中国古代诗歌的英文翻译篇一李颀送魏万之京朝闻游子唱骊歌，昨夜微霜初度河。

鸿雁不堪愁里听，云山况是客中过。

关城树色催寒近，御苑砧声向晚多。

莫见长安行乐处，空令岁月易蹉跎。

Seven-character-regular-verseLi QiA FAREWELL TO WEI WANThe travellers\' parting-song sounds in the dawn.Last night a first frost came over the river;And the crying of the wildgeese grieves my sad heartBounded by a gloom of cloudy mountains....Here in the Gate City, day will flush coldAnd washing-flails quicken by the gardens at twilight --How long shall the capital content you,Where the months and the years so vainly go by?中国古代诗歌的英文翻译篇二崔曙九日登望仙台呈刘明府汉文皇帝有高台，此日登临曙色开。

三晋云山皆北向，二陵风雨自东来。

关门令尹谁能识? 河上仙翁去不回，且欲竟寻彭泽宰，陶然共醉菊花杯。

Seven-character-regular-verseCui ShuA CLIMB ON THE MOUNTAIN HOLIDAYTO THE TERRACE WHENCE ONE SEES THE MAGICIANA POEM SENT TO VICE-PREFECT LUThe Han Emperor Wen bequeathed us this terraceWhich I climb to watch the coming dawn.Cloudy peaks run northward in the three Jin districts,And rains are blowing westward through the two Ling valleys....Who knows but me about the Guard at the Gate,Or where the Magician of the River Bank is,Or how to find that magistrate, that poet,Who was as fond as I am of chrysanthemums and winecups? 中国古代诗歌的英文翻译篇三李白登金陵凤凰台凤凰台上凤凰游，凤去台空江自流。

孟浩然春晓英译赏析「双语」孟浩然春晓英译赏析「双语」《春晓》是唐代诗人孟浩然隐居在鹿门山时所作，诗人抓住春天的早晨刚刚醒来时的一瞬间展开联想，描绘了一幅春天早晨绚丽的图景。

下面由店铺给大家分享《春晓》的赏析，欢迎阅读!春晓孟浩然春眠不觉晓，处处闻啼鸟。

夜来风雨声，花落知多少。

词句注释⑴不觉晓：不知不觉天就亮了。

晓：早晨，天明，天刚亮的时候。

⑵闻：听见。

啼鸟：鸟啼，鸟的啼叫声。

⑶“夜来”句：一作“欲知昨夜风”。

⑷“花落”句：一作“花落无多少”。

知多少：不知有多少。

知：不知，表示推想。

[1] [2-3]白话译文春天睡醒不觉天已大亮，到处是鸟儿清脆的叫声。

回想昨夜的阵阵风雨声，吹落了多少芳香的春花。

英语翻译：翁显良译文：Late! This morning as I awake I know.All around me the birds are crying, crying.The storm last night, I sensed its fury.How many, I wonder, are fallen, poor dear flowers.许渊冲译文：This morn of spring in bed I’m lying,Not wake up till I hear birds crying.After on night of wind and showers,How many are the fallen flowers!约翰·特纳译文：How suddenly the morning comes in Spring!On every side you can hear the sweet birds sing.Last night amidst the storm — Ah, who can tell,With wind and rain, how many blossoms fell?赏析：1、意美《春晓》这首小诗，整首诗行云流水，平易自然，却又悠远深厚。

诗译英▏腹有诗书气自华一剪梅A Twig of Mume Blossoms李清照 Li Qingzhao红藕香残玉簟秋。

轻解罗裳，独上兰舟。

云中谁寄锦书来，雁字回时，月满西楼。

Fragrant lotus blooms fade, autumn chills mat of jade. My silk robe doffed, I floatAlone in orchid boat.Who in the cloud would bring me letters in brocade? When swans come back in flight,My bower is steeped in moonlight.花自飘零水自流。

一种相思，两处闲愁。

此情无计可消除，才下眉头，却上心头。

As fallen flowers drift and water runs its way,One longing leaves no tracesO how can such lovesickness be driven away?From eyebrows kept apart,Again it gnaws my heart.——许渊冲译【Key Words】Twig [twɪɡ]n.细枝;小枝;嫩枝v.(突然地)懂得，理解，明白，意识到mume果梅;梅；梅子Lotus 英 [ˈləʊtəs] 美 [ˈloʊtəs]n.莲属植物;莲花图案，荷花饰;落拓枣，忘忧果mat [mæt]n.小地毯;垫子v.缠结成一团;缠结adj.无光泽的暗淡的;具有粗糙表面的doffed 英 [dɒft] 美 [dɔːft]v.脱(帽)致意doff的过去分词和过去式brocade 英 [brəˈkeɪd] 美 [broʊˈkeɪd]n.织锦缎;(尤指用金银线织出凸纹的)厚织物v.在…织出凸花纹（或图案）;把（凸花纹或图案）织入bower 英 [ˈbaʊə(r)] 美 [ˈbaʊər]n.树荫处;阴凉处vt.荫蔽steeped [stiːpt]adj.(地方或人)深受…影响的，充满…的v.泡;浸;使…充满steep的过去分词和过去式drift [drɪft]n.流动;趋势;逐渐变化(尤指向坏的方面);偏航，航差;水流;气流v.漂流;漂移;缓缓移动;缓慢行走;无意间发生;无目的地转变;顺其自然地做lovesicknessn.相思病;痴情gnaws [nɔːz]v.咬;啃;啮gnaw的第三人称单数【注释】一剪梅，词牌名，又名“一枝花”“腊前梅”“腊梅香”“腊梅春”“玉簟秋”“醉中”等。

古诗词英语翻译当中国古诗翻译成英文，你知道要怎么翻译吗?下面是店铺为大家带来古诗词英语翻译，供大家阅读欣赏!古诗词英语翻译：春思李白燕草如碧丝，秦桑低绿枝。

当君怀归日，是妾断肠时。

春风不相识，何事入罗帏。

in springli baiyour grasses up north are as blue as jade,our mulberries here curve green-threaded branches;and at last you think of returning home,now when my heart is almost broken….o breeze of the spring, since i dare not know you,why part the silk curtains by my bed?古诗词英语翻译：望岳杜甫岱宗夫如何，齐鲁青未了。

造化钟神秀，阴阳割昏晓。

荡胸生层云，决眥入归鸟。

会当凌绝顶，一览众山小。

a view of taishandu fuwhat shall i say of the great peak? --the ancient dukedoms are everywhere green,inspired and stirred by the breath of creation,with the twin forces balancing day and night.…i bare my breast toward opening clouds,i strain my sight after birds flying home.when shall i reach the top and holdall mountains in a single glance?古诗词英语翻译：赠卫八处士杜甫人生不相见，动如参与商。

今夕复何夕，共此灯烛光。

诗译英▏腹有诗书气自华登高On the Height杜甫Du Fu风急天高猿啸哀，The wind so swift, the sky so wide, apes wail and cry;渚清沙白鸟飞回。

Water so clear and beach so white, birds wheel and fly.无边落木萧萧下，The boundless forest sheds its leaves shower by shower;不尽长江滚滚来。

The endless river rolls its waves hour and hour.万里悲秋常作客，A thousand miles from home, I’m grieved at autumn’s plight;百年多病独登台。

Ill now and then for years, alone I’m on this height.艰难苦恨繁霜鬓，Living in times so hard, at frosted hair I pine;潦倒新停浊酒杯。

Cast down by poverty, I have to give up wine.——许渊冲译【Key Words】swift [swɪft]adj.迅即发生的;马上做出的;迅速的;敏捷的n.雨燕ape [eɪp]n.类人猿v.模仿，学…的样子wail [weɪl]v.哭号;大声呼叫;哀号;高声抱怨;发出长而高的声音;呼啸n.(疼痛或悲伤时发出的)号啕，哀号wheel [wiːl]n.轮子;方向盘;舵轮;汽车v.推(或拉)有轮之物;用有轮之物推动(或拉动、移动)…;打转;盘旋plight [plaɪt]n.苦难;困境;苦境v.保证，约定pine [paɪn]n.松树;松木v.(因死亡、离别) 难过，悲伤cast down英 [kɑːst daʊn] 美[kæst daʊn]抛下，丢下;降低，使向下;使沮丧poverty英 [ˈpɒvəti] 美 [ˈpɑːvərti]n.贫穷;贫困;贫乏;短缺;劣质【注释】登高：农历九月九日为重阳节，历来有登高的习俗。