20年考研英语真题超纲词汇大集合
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20年考研英语真题超纲词汇大集合（一）
abreast ad．并肩地，并排地
Instead, the best strategy is to use the agent as a kind of tip service to keep abreast (ad.) of jobs in a
particular database；when you get e-mail，consider it a reminder to check the database again．[2004年阅读]
[译文]相反，最佳的策略是把代理当作一种提示服务来及时跟踪某一资料库里的工作岗位信息；当你收到电子邮件时，你就把官当作一种提醒再去查一查资料库。
advisory a．顾问的，咨询的，劝告的
That group?the National Bioethics Advisory(a.) Commission(NBAC)?has been working feverishly to put
its wisdom on paper，and at a meeting on 17 May，members agreed on a near-final draft of their
recommendations．[1999年阅读]
[译文]这个名为“全国生物伦理道德顾问委员会”(NBAC)的小组一直在非常积极的工作，并将其意见写成报告；在5月17日的一次会议上，委员们就接近定稿的意见书取得了一致意见。
affinity n．密切关系，吸引力
While history once revered its affinity (n.) to literature and philosophy，the emerging social sciences
seemed to afford greater opportunities for asking new questions and providing rewarding approaches to
an understanding of the past. [1999年翻译]
[译文]当历史学曾经重视其与文学和哲学的密切关系时，新兴的社会科学似乎提供了更多探求新问题的机会，并且为了解过去提供了有价值的研究方法。
allegation n．主张，断言，辩解
Hearing allegations (n.) of cruelty to animals in research settings，many are perplexed that anyone would
deliberately harm all animal．[2003年阅读]
[译文]当人们听到医学实验虐待动物的指控时，许多人都不明白为什么有人会故意伤害动物。
apprehensive a．①有理解力的；②忧虑的，担心的
What is many captive shippers’attitude towards the consolidation in the rail industry?
[D]Apprehensive (n．②)．[2003年阅读]
[译文]许多受控制的托运人对铁路部门的合并是什么态度?
[D]担心。
arbiter n．仲裁者，主宰者
“Do we really want railroads to be the arbiters (n.) of who wins and who loses in the marketplace?” asks
Martin Bercovici. a Washington lawyer who frequently represents shipper．[2003年阅读]
[译文]“我们是否真地想让铁路公司成为在市场上决定谁败谁荣的裁决者呢?”马丁•贝科维奇问道，他是一位常常代表铁路客户的华盛顿律师。
authorize v．批准
We can learn from the first paragraph that______．
[C]NBAC was authorized(v．)to control the misuse of cloning technique[1999年阅读]
[译文]从第一段我们可以了解到_______。 [C]NBAC被授权控制克隆技术的滥用
backbone n．脊椎，骨干，毅力
In other words，there is a conventional story line in the newsroom culture that provides a
backbone(n．)and a ready-made narrative structure for otherwise confusing news．[2001年阅读]
[译文]换言之，在媒介机构的新闻采编室文化中存在着一套约定俗成的写作模式，为纷繁复杂的新闻报道提供了一个主=F框架和一个现成的故事叙述结构。
bellyful n．满腹，满肚子，过量
Ralph Waldo Emerson and other transcendentalist philosophers thought schooling and rigorous book
learning put unnatural restraints on children：“We are shut up in schools and college recitation rooms for
10 or 15 years and come out at last with a bellyful (n．) of words and do not know a thing．”[2004年阅读]
[译文]拉尔夫•瓦尔多•爱默生和其他一些先验主义哲学家认为学校教育和严格的书本学习限制了孩子们的天性，“我们被关在中小学和大学的朗诵室里十年或十五年，最后出来满肚子墨水，却啥都不懂。”
beneficence n．慈善，捐赠物
Americans flocked to these fairs to admire the new machines and thus to renew their faith in the
beneficence (n．) of technological advance．[1996年阅读]
[译文]美国人纷纷涌向这些集市和博览会去欣赏新机械，因而更加坚信技术进步会造福人类。
bidding n．①命令；②出价，投标
Perhaps it is humankind's long suffering at the mercy of flood and drought that makes the ideal of forcing
the waters to do our bidding (n．①)so fascinating．[1998年阅读]
[译文]可能正是因为人类长期遭受旱涝灾害的摆布才使得让水听从人的调遣如此令人痴迷。
bombard vt．炮轰，攻击
At the same time，the American Law Institute?a group of judges，lawyers，and academics whose
recommendations carry substantial weight?issued new guidelines for tort law stating that companies
need not warn customers of obvious dangers or bombard (vt.) them with a lengthy list of possible
ones．[1999年阅读]
[译文]与此同时，美国法学会一该学会由一群举足轻重的法官、律师、学者所组成一签署了新的民事侵害法纲要，宣布公司不必警示顾客那些显而易见的危险，或者给顾客列出一份冗长的可能造成的危险的清单。
breakthrough n．突破
Through his research，Pearson is ahle to put dates to most of the breakthroughs(n.) that can be
predicted．[2001年翻译]
[译文]通过研究，皮尔森能够指出大多数可预言的突破的时日。
broker n．经纪人
"Instead of 20 to 30 offers．now maybe you only get two or three，"says John Deadly，a Bay Area
real-estate broker(n)．[2004年阅读]
[译文]海湾地区房地产经纪人约翰•梯尔迪说：“已经卖出二十到三十套，剩下的可能只有两三套了。”
byproduct n．副产品 By the late 1970s，neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just“mental noise”?the random
byproducts (n.) of the neural-repair work that goes on during sleep．[2005年阅读]
[译文]到了20世纪70年代，神经学专家又转而把梦视作“精神上的杂音”一睡梦中神经修复工作的随机性副产品。
capuchin n. (猴子的一种)僧帽猴
However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins (n.) and humans, or
whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an
unanswered question. [2005年阅读]
［译文］但是，这种愤愤不平之心是人类和猴子独立地进化出来的，还是他们三千五百万年前从老祖先那遗传来的，这一问题尚没有定论。
carefree a．无忧无虑的，轻松愉快的
How do the public feel about tile current economic situation?
[C]Carefree (a．)．[2004年阅读]
[译文]公众觉得目前经济形势如何?
[C]无忧无虑。
cataract n．①大瀑布；②白内障
Failing hips can be replaced，clinical depression controlled，cataracts (n．②) removed in a 30-minute
surgical procedure．[2003年阅读]
[译文]髋骨不行了可以更换，临床的忧郁症得到了控制，白内障仅用30分钟手术便可以切除。
