国内拒绝言语行为研究综述(英文)
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话文学刊・外话教育教学 2013车第4期 A Review of the Domestic Studies on Refusing Speech Act o Ma Yue (Inner Mongolia Normal University,Hohhot,Inner Mongolia,010022)
[Abstract]Politeness has been aheatedlydiscussedtopicin recentyears.Refusal,a8 one speech actwhichisface —threatening in nature,also receives considerable attention.The current paper introduces and analyzes the domestic stud- ies conducted on refusals duringthe recent two decades,hoping to shed sonle light on the suggestions forfuture research on this topic. [Key words]review,refusal,research trends [中图分类号]H313 [文献标识码]A [文章编号】1672-8610(2013)04-0011-03
Refusal,as a disprefered second pair in communication,is in natIlre impolite and can be called as a face—threatening act (Levinson,2001).How to say no can be considered as all art (Hou Jinguo&Jiang Yong,2OO4).The strategies,the person 8peal【to,his or her gender,the intimacy between the addresser and the addressee,all ofthe factors should be considered in per- forming a refusing speech act.Therefore,a detailed inquiry into the refusal strategies is a complex yet crucial point not only to knowothersbetterbut also knowourselvesbetter.Sincethe pro- posing of the Indirect Speech Act Theory by Searle in 1979,lots 0f studies have been carried out concerning diferent speech acts. The current paper,drawing on the importance of the refusing speech act,will give a general review on the studies in China in the recent two decades,with a view to synthesizing the current research trend and suggesting the future possible research direc- tions ofthis particular topic. Diferent from the studies abroad which aIe exdusivdy绷・ pifieal,studiesinChina aremorediversified,asis demonstrated by a small survey on the 1I CSSCI core journals of foreign lan・ @rage research. ̄Altogether only21 paperswerefound,witlll9 of them directly related to the pragmatic and sociolingnistie account of refusa1.The 19 papers can be generally classified into three groups。a8 is shown in the following table:
Review ofthe current study and refusal strategies 4 Empirical studies How EFL/ESL harnem refuse;How to teach refusal strategies; The diferent refusals of native Chinese and English speakers;Refusals in Vietnamese 10
New perspectives Cognitive Cx_+Rr:Refusals in shopping mall;Refusals in press conference 5 Semantic parsing of refusal strategies;Refusals and metonymy
In order to present the study on refusals in China in a more finally achieve the perlocutionary effect of refusing(Austin, detailed manner,thefollowing partwill notfollowthetypologylis— tad above;instead,diferentperspectives ofthe studieswill be ex- plorad into. 2.1 Studies on refusing strategies and patterns The word“refusal”is defined by the Oxford Advanced Learner’8 English—Chinese Dictionary as:an act of saying or showing that you will not do,give or accept sth.(1997:1452). From the perspective ofthe speech act theory,refusing itself is a locutionary actthat expressesthe S’swil andalso carriestheilo- eutionary force of H’s recognition ofS’8 intention ofrefnsing and 2002:94—108).Beebe et al(1990,cited in wolfson)in their study ofthe comparison betweenthe diferent strategies utilized by Americans and Japanese in refusing。define refusal as limitad number of semantic formulas.either direct or indirect.to realize refusing accordingto different socio ̄ngnisticfactors. Based on the diferent versions of deftnitions of refusals. scholars in China have conducted researches either summarizing or analyzing the general paRerns and common refusal strategies by speakers in certain contexts.Therefore.both reviews and empiri. cal researches are covered in this Dart.As far a8 reviews are con.
[作者简介】马悦,女,内蒙古包头人,内蒙古师范大学公共外语教育学院助教。硕士,研究方向:语用学、英语教学。 一1l一 话文学刊・外语教育教学 2013年第4期 Drawing on the reflesx ̄h orientations in the study,it is pro- posed here that studies on refusal can be conducted in tlle f_0U0w.. ing a】cea8: As far 8.fl the influencing factor of refusing is concerned。re_ search on gender diferences i8 still scarce in Chivia and abroad. Therefore,it is suggested here that probing into the gender difer- erIce can be both theoretically and practically influentiM in refusal studies. Refusals in specific situation like business negotiation and re- fusal letters can be the topics of much practical value to explore into. A comparative study on oral and written refusal is a possible way to direct people to perform the refusing speech act appropri・ atety. The localization of refusa1.Most of the studies conducted in recent years concentrate on the comparison of diferent cultures. However,it scem¥that we are too much obsessed in the game of “8imilarities and diferences”that we neglect what the refusal un. der a panicular culture is.Therefore。the localization of refusal c8lI also be a promising topic to re ̄:al-ch on. To say no is an art,only when we know how to say no to oth- ers politely and properly can we know how to say yes to ourselves confidently and certainly.