“一带一路”倡议下的全球城市(2019年度报告)

20世纪70-80年代，欧美国家发展政 策由凯恩斯主义导向转向新自由主义 导向，鼓励投资和贸易自由化及全球 化，跨国公司在海外设立分支机构， 大力推动资本全球扩张，构建起全球 生产和服务网络。全球化成为推动近 50 年全球经济发展的重要力量。
From 1970s to 1980s, the development policy of European and American countries was shifted from Keynesianism to neoliberalism, encouraging the liberalization of investment and trade as well as the globalization. As various transnational companies established their overseas branches, the capital expansion was promoted globally and the global production and service network was set up. Eventually, the globalization played a significant role in driving the global economic development in the past 50 years.
2008年世界金融危机爆发后，全球 经济复苏乏力，西方国家主导、新 自由主义推动的全球化模式陷入困 境。一方面，英国脱欧、贸易摩擦 等国际事件频发，保护主义甚嚣尘 上，反全球化浪潮抬头，新的壁垒 正在建立。另一方面，上一阶段全 球化造成的全球贫富差距在不断扩 大，马太效应进一步凸显，纽约 “占领华尔街”、巴黎“黄马甲” 等事件客观反映了西方世界以纽 约、伦敦为代表的最佳全球城市模 式，面临着由于贫富差距、社会割 裂、城市绅士化等造成严重的“驱 逐”、“不满”与“分化”问题。
新自由主义全球化时代，关注资本的快 速增值，学者和机构主要从“控制中心” 和单一“网络关联”的资本控制视角解 读全球城市格局，难以解释当前全球化 面临的困局和未来，只秉持单一的资本 逻辑、强调金融控制，将难以具备持久 的城市竞争力。包容发展全球化时代意 味着更高质量的发展而非资本驱动的极 化增长，我们提出“网络协同”的发展 视角，用多维数据构建全球价值活力城 市指数，客观评估城市参与全球发展的 竞争力。
"The Belt and Road Initiative" advocates the inclusive globalization, leads the transformation of globalization paradigm on the principle of extensive consultation, joint construction and shared benefits, and injects new power and vitality for the global economy, so that the globalization can benefit more countries and regions. "The Belt and Road Initiative" represents the globalized Chinese wisdom and Chinese scheme and owns important value of times.
“一带一路”潜力城市指数
INDEX FOR“BELT AND ROAD”POTENTIAL CITIES
“一带一路”倡议下的全球城市格局
GLOBAL CITIES IN THE VISION OF BELT AND ROAD INITIATIVE
附录
APPENDIX
中国城市规划设计研究院 / China Academy of Urban Planning & Design
目录
CONTENT
全球化范式的转变
SHIFTING PARADIGM OF GLOBALIZATION
包容性全球化的新视角
NEW PERSPECTIVE OF INCLUSIVE GLOBALIZATION
全球价值活力城市指数
INDEX FOR DYNAMIC CITIES WITH GLOBAL VALUE
同时，我们基于“一带一路”倡议中政 策沟通、设施联通、贸易畅通、资金融 通和民心相通的“五通”视角，构建“ 一带一路”潜力城市指数，评估“一带一 路”倡议推动下全球城市发展的潜力。
我们发现，从资本驱动的控制视角走向 包容共享的发展视角，基于城市＂活力＂ 与＂潜力＂，更为全面真实地揭示了当 前全球城市演进中的深刻变革和未来趋 势，全球城市呈现出多极化、扁平化、 网络化的新格局，世界正在重回原点。 全球顶级城市格局从以西方城市为主导 走向东方城市崛起，“亚洲世纪”有望 开启。中国将有机会成为全球供应链 “双循环”体系的新“枢纽”，为全球 发展贡献新动能。
In the neo-liberal globalization time when the fast appreciation of capital is thought highly, scholars and institutions interpret the global city layout from the perspective of capital control of "control center" and single "network association", but a single capital logic and the highlight of financial control explain few of current globalization dilemmas and futures and face difficulties to gain lasting urban competitiveness. The age of globalization with inclusive development refers to a more advanced development rather than the polarized growth driven by capital. So, we raise the development perspective of "web-based collaboration", build a global valuable and active city index based on multi-dimensional data, and objectively assess urban competitiveness in the global development.
01
“一带一路”倡议下的全球城市 / Global Cities in the Visionof Belt and Road Initiative
前言
PREFACE
“一带一路”倡导包容性全球化，以共 商共建共享为原则引领全球化范式的转 变，为全球经济注入新的动力与活力， 让全球化惠及更多的国家和地区。“一 带一路”代表了全球化的中国智慧和中 国方案，具有重要的划时代价值。
以新自由主义为旗帜的经济全球化已 经走到十字路口，亟待寻找新出路。
Since the global financial crisis broke out in 2008, the global economy has been struggling to recover, and the globalization mode dominated by western countries and driven by the neoliberalism has been in deep water. On one hand, various international events are taking place frequently including Brexit and the trade conflicts; populism and protectionism are on the rise; the anti-globalization tides are surging; and the new barriers are emerging. On the other hand, the gap between the rich and the poor caused by the previous round of globalization is enlarging, and the Matthew Effect becomes much more obvious. Events like Occupy Wall Street in New York and the Yellow Vests Movement in Paris relfect that the optimal global city mode in the western world represented by New York and London is confronted with such serious problems as “expelling”, “dissatisfaction” and “differentiation” caused by the wealth gap, the social differentiation and the city gentrification.
We find, based on urban "vitality" and "potential", the development perspective from control driven by capital to inclusive share reveals the profound reform and future trend in the course of current globalization more comprehensively and real, cities in the world form a new pattern of multi-polarization, delayering, and networking, and the world is returning the origin. The global high-end city pattern transforms from western city-dominated one to emerging-orient-city one, and the "Asian Century" is on the way. Wherein, China has the chance to be the new "hub" of global supply chain "dual cycle" system, injecting new power into the global development.